Volume 9, Number 3 (December, 2008)
For full text, please contact to Editor-in-chief at :info@cropresearch.org
1.Jagdish Kumar and M. P. Yadav [Effect of conjunctive use of organic, inorganic and bio-fertilizers on growth and yield attributes, yield and nutrient uptake in hybrid rice].Res. on Crops 9 (3) : 511-513 (2008). Department of Agronomy Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur-208 002 (U. P.), India.
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2006 and 2007 to study the effect of different sources of nutrient on growth and yield attributes, yield and nutrient uptake in hybrid rice. Data showed that conjunctive use of inorganic, organic and bio-fertilizers significantly improved the dry weight/plant, number of effective tillers/m2, panicle weight of hybrid rice than inorganic fertilizer alone. significantly maximum grain yield of hybrid rice was recorded (78.5 and 83.3 q/ha) with 100% SSNM+5 t FYM+blue green algae+Azatobacter than 100% RDF and farmers’ practice. Combined application of inorganic, organic and bio-fertilizers recorded more nutrient (NPK) uptake in hybrid rice than farmer’s practice of nutrient management. Lowest growth and yield attributes, yield and nutrient (NPK) uptake in hybrid rice were recorded with the farmers’ practice of nutrient management.
2.Jagdish Kumar and M. P. Yadav [[productivity and economics of hybrid rice as influenced by use of different sources of inorganic, organic and bio-fertilizers in Central Plain Zone of Uttar Pradesh]. Res. on Crops 9 (3) : 514-517 (2008). Department of Agronomy Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur-208 002 (U. P.), India.
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was laid out at Student’s Instructional Farm of C. S. Azad university of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur during two consecutive kharif seasons of 2006 and 2007 to study the effect of different sources of nutrients on yield attributes, yield and economics of hybrid rice. Data exhibited that combined application of inorganic, orgnaic and biofertilizer produced more number of panicles/m2 and grain weight/panicle of hybrid rice than application of inorganic fertilizer alone. Significantly highest grain (78.5 and 83.3 q/ha) and straw yields (89.1 and 92.6 q/ha) were recorded with application of 100% SSNM+5 t FYM+blue green algae+Azotobacter than 100% RDF and farmers’ practice during both the years of investigation. Maximum net return of hybrid rice (Rs. 35285 and 39146/ha) was recorded with 100% SSNM+5 t FYM+blue green algae+Azotobacter than other treatments. Use of 75% SSNM+5 t FYM+blue green algae+Azotobacter accrued highest benefit : cost ratio of 2.26 and 2.34 followed by 100% SSNM+5 t FYM+blue green algae+Azotobacter of 2.20 and 2.33 during both the years of investigation. .
3.R. MANIVANNAN, M. V. SRIRAMACHANDRASEKHARAN AND M. RAVICHANDRAN. [[Influence of sulfur on the growth and yield of rice genotypes].]. Res. on Crops 9 (3) : 518-520 (2008). Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608 002 (Tamil Nadu), India.
ABSTRACT
Field trials were conducted in sulfur deficient soils to study the response of rice genotypes to sulfur fertilization. The treatments consisted of three levels of sulfur (0, 20 and 40 kg/ha) applied through gypsum and 10 rice genotypes ( ADT 36, ADT 37, ADT 42, ADT 43, ADT 38, ADT 39, CO 43, CO 45, CO 47 AND ASD 19). The results revealed that rice genotypes differed significantly among themselves to growth and yield on S addition. Rice genotypes CO 43 ( 5090 kg/ha) and CO 47 ( 5243 kg/ha) recorded the highest grain yield, while lowest grain yield was noticed with ADT 37 (3790 and 4053 kg/ha) in clay loam and sandy clay loam soils, respectively. The highest straw yield was observed with ADT 39 (6902 kg/ha) and ADT 43 (7150 kg/ha) and lowest straw yield with ADT 37 (5848 and 6245 kg/ha) in clay loam and sandy clay loam soils, respectively. Similar response was observed in growth and yield characters. Growth and yield increased significantly with graded dose of sulfur and addition of 40 kg S/ha caused on an average 15% increase in rice yield over control. Sulfur use efficiency (kg grain/kg S) was highest with 20 kg S/ha and differed among genotypes.
4. D. DUTTA, P. BANDYOPADHYAY AND D. MAITI [Effect of some herbicides on microbial population in the rhizosphere soils of rice].Res. on Crops 9 (3) : 521-522 (2008). Department of Agronomy Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur-741 252, Nadia (West Bengal), India.
ABSTRACT
Field experiment was conducted during 2004 and 2005 at Mohanpur (West Bengal) to find out the effect of four herbicides (Pyrazosulfuron ethyl, pretilachlor, fluchloralin and oxadiazon) and hand weeding on population of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in the rhizosphere of summer rice. All herbicides initially suppressed soil microbial population, later it started to recover slowly. However, microbial population increased markedly in hand-weeded plot.
5.Sunita suneja, s. s. poonia, d. b. yadav and kamlesh kukreja [Influence of continuous and rotational use of herbicides in rice under rice-wheat system on non-target soil microorganisms].Res. on Crops 9 (3) : 523-526 (2008). Department of Microbiology CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004 (Haryana), India.
ABSTRACT
Long term experiment on commonly used herbicides in rice under rice-wheat rotation system was conducted on a permanent plot at Regional Research Station, Karnal since 1999 by Department of Agronomy. CCSHAU, Hisar. Rice rhizosphere soil samples of above experiment during the kharif seasons of 2005-06, 2006-07 and 2007-08 were collected at different time intervals after the application of herbicide (butachlor used as fixed herbicide and butachlor, pretilachlor or anilophos used as rotational herbicide) and analyzed for total bacterial, fungal, actinomycetes and free living diazotroph populations. Total bacterial population was more in green manuring (GM) treatments than without green manuring (WGM) treatments. Bacterial population was significantly less in fixed and rotational herbicide treated plots than weedy control at early stages after the application of herbicides. However, antinomycetes population was slightly higher in herbicide treated plots as compared to weedy control at early stages after treatment. Fungal and free living diazotroph populations were not affected with the application of herbicides.
6.K. Sathiya, K. Sathyamoorthi and G. James Martin [Effect of nitrogen levels and split doses on the productivity of aerobic rice].Res. on Crops 9 (3) : 527-530 (2008). Department of Agronomy Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003 (Tamil Nadu), India *(e-mail : sathyamv2006@yahoo.com).
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted at Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during kharif 2006 to optimize the level and split doses of nitrogen for aerobic rice cultivation. Treatments consisted of five nitrogen levels (100,125,150,175 and 200 kg N/ha) in main plots and three split doses of nitrogen (1/4+1/4 +1/4 +1/4, 1/6+1/3+1/3+1/6 and 1/5+1/5+2/5+1/5 ) in sub-plots.Nitrogen was applied during 15 DAS, tillering, panicle initiation and flowering stages. Results revealed that application of 175 kg N/ha recorded significantly higher growth attributes, yield attributes and grain yield (4876 kg/ha) over 100 and 125 kg N/ha. However, this was comparable with 150 kg N/ha (4789 kg/ha). Among the split doses, nitrogen application as 1/6 at 15 DAS+1/3 at tillering+1/3 at panicle initiation+1/6 at flowering stage produced higher growth,yield attributes and grain yield (4594 kg/ha) over other split doses. Thus, application of 150 kg N/ha with a split dose of 1/6 at 15 DAS+1/3 at tillering +1/3 at panicle initiation+1/6 at flowering stages was found to be optimum nitrogen management for higher productivity of aerobic rice.
7.C. SUDHALAKSHMI AND R. KRISHNASAMY [Correlation between concentration and accumulation of shoot zinc in rice genotypes with varying zinc efficiency]. Res. on Crops 9(3) : 531-535 (2008). Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003 (Tamil Nadu), India.
ABSTRACT
An experiment was designed in the green house of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during 2004-05 to screen rice genotypes for zinc efficiency employing solution culture technique with modified Hoagland’s solution as the nutrient medium. About 56 rice genotypes were subjected to screening with five zinc treatments (Zn 0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 ppm) with each treatment replicated three times. The concentration of zinc in the shoot was analysed at 35 DAS and the uptake was computed as the product of concentration and dry matter. The data were subjected to Systat multivariate analysis (Systat, 2003) and the genotypes were classified as efficient (a), moderately efficient (b) and inefficient (c) at each level of deficient and excessive zinc supply. Better correlation was found between shoot zinc concentration and accumulation and those genotypes with higher zinc concentration and accumulation were zinc efficient genotypes. Zinc inefficient genotypes had low zinc concentration and accumulation.
8.R. chakraborty, S. chakraborty, B. k. Dutta and S. B. Paul[Grain carbohydrate composition and genetic variation in bold grained rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes of Assam]. Res. on Crops 9 (3) : 536-539 (2008). Department of Biotechnology Assam University, Silchar-788 011 (Assam), India (*e-mail : ausupriyoch_2008@rediffmail.com).
ABSTRACT
Hard working rural people of Barak Valley Zone in Assam prefer tasty bold grained rice despite their low yields. These rice genotypes are slowly digested and remain longer in stomach unlike tha fast digestible medium and fine grained HYVs of rice developed so far by breeding. The present experiment was designed to study the carbohydrate components of 47 bold grained rice genotypes and their genetic variation in comparison to two high yielding checks, namely, Ranjit and Monohar Sali. The mean range of the carbohydrate components viz., starch content (g/100 g of oven dry sample), amylose content (% of starch) and amylopectin content (% of starch) varied from 65.63 to 79.78, 15.25 to 25.56 and 74.44 to 84.75, respectively. The mean total soluble sugar content (g/100/g of oven dry sample), total reducing sugar content (g/100 g of oven dry sample) and total non-reducing sugar content (g/100 g of oven dry sample) varied from 0.35 to 1.14, 0.103 to 0.363 and 0.279 to 0.935, respectively, in bold grained rice genotypes. The difference between PCV and GCV was very small for all the carbohydrate component characters indicating little influence of environment in their expression. In the present investigation, high heritability associated with high genetic advance was found in the characters viz., total soluble sugar content, total reducing sugar and total non-reducing sugar content indicating predominant role of additive gene action in their inheritance. Breeding method based on progeny testing and mass selection could be useful in improving these traits. High heritability alongwith moderate genetic advance was observed in the character amylose content. Judicious application of pure line selection may be effective for improving amylose content. But high heritability with low genetic advance was recorded for starch and amylopectin content. This indicated the predominant role of non-additive gene action (dominance and epistasis) in the inheritance starch and amylopectin content.
9.Dharmendra Singh and Manoj Kumar Singh [Comparative responses of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars under salinity stress : Ionic composition].Res. on Crops 9 (3) : 540-543 (2008). Department of Agricultural Botany Janata Mahavidyalaya, Ajitmal, Auraiya (U. P.), India.
ABSTRACT
The concentration of sodium and chloride ions in leaf sap increased, while that of potassium decreased under salinity as compared to control. Among the cultivars, KRL 19, KRL 1-4, Kharchia 65, KRL 3-4 and KPL 35 restricted the uptake of Na+ and preferred K+ and thus maintained high K+/Na+ ratio, while UP 2338 and PBW 509 behaved conversely.
10.M. R. Patel, A. C. Sadhu AND J. C. PATEL [Effect of irrigation, nitrogen and bio-fertilizer inoculation on N, P and K content and uptake of forage oat (Avena sativa L.)]. Res. on Crops 9 (3) : 544-546 (2008). Main Forage Research Station Anand Agricultural University, Anand-388 110 (Gujarat), India.
ABSTRACT
The field experiment was conducted on oat during rabi seasons of 2003-04 and 2004-05 at Anand with three irrigation levels (0.7, 0.9 and 1.1 IW: CPE ratio), three nitrogen levels (40, 80 and 120 kg N/ha) and two bio-fertilizer treatments (no inoculation and Azotobacter inoculation). The results revealed that successive increase in irrigation frequency increased the nutrient uptake and forage yield of oat and frequent irrigations at 1.1 IW : CPE ratio recorded significantly higher N uptake, P and K contents and uptake as well as the green forage and dry matter yields. Likewise, successive increase in nitrogen application increased the nutrient uptake and the forage yield of oat. Application of 120 kg N/ha gave significantly higher N, P and K uptake as well as the green forage and dry matter yields of oat in total of two cuts. Inoculation with Azotobacter also enhanced the uptake of nutrients and resulted in higher forage production as compared to no bio-fertilizer inoculation.
11.Ezekiel Akinkunmi Akinrinde[Effect of nitrogen on yield attributes and yield of malt and feed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)]. Res. on Crops 9 (3) : 547-553 (2008). Department of Agronomy University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria *(e-mail : akinakinrinde@yahoo.com).
ABSTRACT
Effectiveness of lime (L) and phosphorus (P) applications in acid soils may be influenced by crop species and cultivar grown. Incubation experiments were conducted on an Alfisol (sandy, pH 4.6) to evaluate effects of liming [0, 1, 2, 3, 4 t Ca (OH)2 /ha], rock phosphate (RP), organo-mineral fertilizer (OMF) and single super phosphate (SSP) on pH and P availability. Extra early and early maturing maize (Zea mays) cultivars were also grown in pots to investigate lime and P effects in short and long terms. Treatments [control, 1 t/ha Ca (OH)2, 88 mg P/kg of RP, OMF, L+RP, RP+OMF, L+OMF and L+OMF+RP] were replicated three times in CRD. Liming at 1.0 t/ha was optimum, raising soil pH and available P from 4.6 and 3.4 mg/kg to 6.2 and 8.36 mg/kg, respectively. Lime and P increased pH to 5.4-7.5, while control was 4.5. P availability order was : RP+OMF>L>RP/OMF>L+RP+OMF >L+OMF>control. L+OMF (followed by OMF and RP+OMF) performed best, irrespective of cultivar. Residual P was highest with L+OMF and lowest in control. Lime effectiveness was less than 100% with RP or OMF but higher with RP+OMF, especially in the long run. Under continuous maize cropping, RP and OMF sufficiently ameliorate acid soil infertility and may serve as an antidote against over liming.
12.A. K. Pal and S. Biswas [Effect of age of seedlings and methods of planting on transplanted maize (Zea mays L.)]. Res. on Crops 9 (3) : 554-556 (2008). Department of Agronomy Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur-741 252, Nadia (West Bengal), India.
ABSTRACT
Field experiment conducted at BCKV Farm, W. B., with transplanted maize during cool season (November to February) in split plot design with three methods of planting (flat bed, furrow bed and ridge bed) and four ages of old seedlings (25, 30, 35 and 40 days) allotted on main plots and sub-plots under each main plot, respectively, revealed that ridge-bed method of planting had significant influence only on plant height and grain yield, whereas 25 days old seedlings significantly influenced all the yield attributes, grain yield, stover yield and harvest index. Twenty-five days old seedlings when planted on ridge method recorded maximum grain yield.
13. M. Srinivas, S. V. Rao and N. Seetharama [Effect of integrated nutrient management and different moisture conservation practices on yield and economics of rabi sorghum]. Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 246-247 (2008). Department of Agronomy CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004 (Haryana), India.
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted during rabi 2002-03 at three locations viz., Centre on Rabi Sorghum, Solapur; Agricultural Research Station, Mohol and Regional Research Station, Bijapur to evaluate the efficient agro-technologies for improved input and moisture conservation practices on rabi sorghum. The moisture conservation practices of compartmental bunding and ridges & furrows were on par and resulted significantly in higher grain yield of sorghum compared to control at all the three co-operating centres. Among intergrated nutrient management practices, the treatments comprising 75% RDF+3 t/ha FYM+Azospirillum and 75% RDF+3 t/ha FYM+PSB were on par with recommended dose of fertilizer and produced significantly higher grain yield of rabi sorghum compared to fertilizer and produced significantly higher grain yield of rabi sorghum compared to farmers’ practice of 10 kg N/ha+3 t/ha FYM. The maximum gross returns were recorded with ridges & furrows and integrated nutrient management practices of 75% RDF+3 t/ha FYM+PSB treatment.
14. M. R. PATEL, A. C. SADHU, N. N. PATEL, R. M. PATEL AND J. C. PATEL [Effect of farm yard manure and nitrogen levels on forage yield and quality of bajra napier hybrid (Pennisetum purpureum)]. Res. on Crops 9 (3) : 561-562 (2008). Main Forage Research Station Anand Agricultural University, Anand-388 110 (Gujarat), India.
ABSTRACT
The field experiment was conducted on bajra napier hybrid during 2000 to 2003 with three levels of FYM (0, 15 and 30 t/ha as basal in every year) and three nitrogen levels (50, 75 and 100 kg N/ha after each cut). No. FYM application produced the lowest green forage, dry matter and crude protein yields, while application of 30 t FYM/ha every year was found significantly superior in green forage and crude protein yields to 0 and 15 t FYM/ha in total yield of 22 cuts. Successive increase in nitrogen application from 50 to 75 and 100 kg N/ha after each cut significantly increased green forage, dry matter and crude protein yields in total of 22 cuts as well as increased crude protein content in fodder of bajra napier hybrid. .
15. R. Vashisht, Naresh Sangwan and Y. P. S. Solanki [Weed flora of wheat in Jhajjar district of Haryana in three different crop rotations]. Res. on Crops 9 (3) : 563-565 (2008). CCSHAU Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Jhajjar (Haryana), India.
ABSTRACT
A survey of weed flora of wheat fields in three different cropping sequences, rice-wheat, arhar-wheat and bajra-wheat in Jhajjar district of Haryana, conducted during rabi seasons of 2006-08 revealed infestation of 23 weed species comprising 14 families of grasses, sedges and broadleaf weeds. Phalaris minor, Avena ludoviciana, Vicia sativa, Rumex spp. and Lathyrus aphaca were the pre-dominant weeds of rice-wheat sequence, whereas P. minor, A. ludoviciana, Chenopodium album, Asphodelus tenuifolius and Cirsium arvense were the pre-dominant weeds of bajra-wheat and arhar-wheat cropping sequence. Five major weeds with 100% occurrence in all the three cropping sequences were P. minor, A. ludoviciana, V. sativa, L. aphaca and Melilotus indica.
16. Bhanuvally Manjunatha, S. K. Gali, M. M. Venkatesh and C. Shashikumar Influence of organic farming practices on changes in soil properties under cotton-based cropping system of Northern Dry Zone of Karnataka]. Res. on Crops 9 (3) : 566-572 (2008). Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad-580 005 (Karnataka), India.
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) An investigation was undertaken to study the effect of farmer’s practices in organic farming on soil properties and soil health in cotton based cropping system in Northern Dry Zone of Karnataka. Soil samples from the selected organic farms under cotton-based cropping system were collected during summer season of 2006. Soil samples from the neighbouring conventional farm under the same cropping system were also collected and treated as control. A reduction in bulk density and an increase in aggregate stability was noticed in all the soils under organic farming compared to conventional farming. A wide variation in increase of organic carbon content and CEC of soils of organic farms over conventional farms was observed. The soils under organic farming recorded higher amounts of available N, P, K and S than the soils under conventional farming.
17.M. l. degra, b. l. pareek and r. k. shivran [Effect of sulphur and integrated weed management on productivity and quality of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) and succeeding fodder pearl millet] Res. on Crops 9 (3) : 573-577 (2008). Agriculture Research Station, Durgapura, Jaipur-203 012 (Rajasthan), India.
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Farm, ARS, Durgapura, Jaipur during 2001-03 on loamy sand soils analyzing low in available N and S and medium in available P and K. The increasing rates of S did not influence the weed density but markedly increased the dry matter of weeds. Hand weeding twice showed the maximum control of weeds, which was significantly superior to other treatments. The successive rates of S nutrition upto 60 kg/ha markedly enhanced the dry matter, siliquae, seeds/siliqua and seed yield/plant and in both the years. However, plant height and 1000-seed weight showed significant response upto 40 kg S/ha and remained at par with higher levels of S nutrition. The yield of succeeding fodder pear millet was highest (370.0 q/ha) with 60 kg S/ha weed control measures and brought about measurable improvement in growth and yield attributes, and yield of mustard compared with the weedy check. The two HW being at par with the herbicides coupled with HW increased the pooled mean seed yield of mustard significantly by 46.3% over weedy check. The application of 60 kg S/ha recorded significantly highest (Rs. 21077/ha) pooled mean net returns and B : C ratio (2.51) of mustard over lower levels. Two HW being at par with both the herbicides coupled with HW gave highest net returns (Rs. 20050/ha), whereas B : C ratio was significantly higher under isoproturon @ 0.50 kg/ha.
18. R. Vashisht, U. C. Pandey and B. S. Verma[Nutrient uptake by groundnut as influenced by weed control measures, phosphorus and sulphur application].]Res. on Crops 9 (3) : 578-579 (2008). CCSHAU Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Jhajjar (Haryana), India.
ABSTRACT
In an experiment conducted with groundnut variety MH-2 during kharif seasons of 2002-04, the five treatments of weed control in the main plot and phosphorus and sulphur application each at three levels in the sub-plot were tested. The significantly higher yield was obtained with P and S application at 40 kg P2O5/ha and 30 kg S/ha, respectively. However, higher N uptake response was observed upto 60 kg S/ha. Significantly higher uptake of N, P and K was recorded with two hand weedings at 20 and 40 days after sowing.
19.A. malliswara Reddy, G. prabhakara Reddy and D. Srinivasulu Reddy[Effect of crop-weed competition in sunflower].]Res. on Crops 9 (3) : 580-581 (2008). Department of Agronomy S. V. Agricultural College, Tirupati-517 502 (A. P.), India.
ABSTRACT
A field investigation was carried out at S. V. Agricultural College Farm, Tirupati Campus of Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University, Hyderabad during rabi season of 2004 to determine the crop-weed competition in sunflower. The dominant weed species associated with the crop were Cynodon dactylon, Cyperus rotundus, Cleome viscosa, Commelina bengalensis and Euphorbia hirta. The highest weed density and dry weight resulted with unweeded check which was comparable with WI upto 60 DAS, whereas the lowest weed density and dry weight were noticed with weed-free check. Seed yield loss increased with the increase in the duration of competition. In sunflower, critical period of weed competition was found to be 20 to 40 DAS. Highest seed yield was recorded with weed-free check which was, however, comparable with WFC upto 60 and 50 DAS, whereas the lowest was with unweeded check which was on par with WI upto 60 and 50 DAS.
20. Bhanuvally Manjunatha, S. K. Gali, M. M. Venkatesh and C. Shashikumar [Studies on changes in soil properties as influenced by organic farming practices in sugarcane-based cropping system]. ]Res. on Crops 9 (3) : 582-587 (2008). Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad-580 005 (Karnataka), India.
ABSTRACT
An investigation was undertaken to study the effect of farmer’s practices in organic farming on soil properties and soil health in cotton based cropping system in Northern Dry Zone of Karnataka. Soil samples from the selected organic farms under sugarcane based cropping system were collected during summer season of 2006. Soil samples from the neighbouring conventional farm under the same cropping system were also collected and treated as control. A reduction in bulk density and an increase in aggregate stability was noticed in all the soils under organic farming compared to conventional farming. A wide variation in increase of organic carbon content and CEC of soils of organic farms over conventional farms was observed. The soils under organic farming recorded higher amounts of available N, P, K and S than the soils under conventional farming.
21. A. Balakrishnan and T. Selvakumar [Effect of time of sowing and hybrids on growth and yield of tropical sugarbeet].]Res. on Crops 9 (3) : 588-592 (2008). Department of Agronomy Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003 (Tamil Nadu), India.
ABSTRACT
To evaluate optimum time of sowing with suitable hybrids of tropical sugarbeet, the investigation was carried out at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during 2004-05. The experiment was conducted in strip plot design. The main plot consisted of four times of sowing (15 days interval from 1st October to 15th November) and three tropical sugarbeet hybrids (Cauvery, Indus and Shubhra) in sub-plot. Highest growth, yield attributes and yield were recorded in October first fortnight sowing with Cauvery and it was comparable with October second fortnight of sowing with same hybrid. All the three hybrids had the yield potential in the range of 70-100 t/ha. Among the hybrids, the highest root yield was recorded in Cauvery hybrid (92 t/ha) followed by Indus (76 t/ha) and Shubhra registered the lowest yield of 71 (t/ha). For quality parameter (Brix %), the hybrid Shubhra recorded the highest brix reading of 21% followed by Indus (17%) and Cauvery (16%). October sowing with Cauvery hybrid performed better for tropical sugarbeet emergence, establishment, yield and quality.
22.Machiavelli, N. Tejoprakash and Sunil Khanna[Influence of diversified cropping pattern on microbial activity and population dynamics in agricultural soils].]Res. on Crops 9 (3) : 593-598 (2008). Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences Thapar University, Patiala-147 004 (Punjab), India.
ABSTRACT
Agricultural practices that reduce soil degradation and improve agricultural sustainability are needed particularly for tropical/sub-tropical soils. Soil enzyme activities and microbial populations can provide information on how soil management is affecting the potential to perform the processes in soils such as decomposition and nutrient cycling. Soil enzyme activities and microbial population dynamics were investigated in an experiment on silt loam soil where three cropping patterns (chickpea/rice, wheat/rice and sunflower/rice) were studied under field conditions. The enzyme activities showed that among the three cropping patterns, chickpea/rice showed good correlation between the cellulase and phosphatase activity and the cellulose and phosphate degraders and also increase in nutrient availability due to these enzyme activities, while in the sunflower/rice both enzyme activities decreased during the sunflower cropping but recovered during the rice crop. Thus, among the three cropping patterns chickpea/rice appears to be more sustainable.
23. D. DUTTA, P. BANDYOPADHYAY AND D. MAITIEffect of P fertilization and growth regulators on yield, nutrient uptake and economics of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)]. Res. on Crops 9 (3) : 599-601 (2008). Department of Agronomy Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur-741 252, Nadia (West Bengal), India.
ABSTRACT
Field experiment was conducted during winter season of 2005-06 and 2006-07 at Sekhampur, West Bengal to study the response of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) to levels of P (0, 13.1 and 26.2 kg/ha) and growth regulators (NAA 20 ppm, Tricontanol 4 ppm, IBA 40 ppm and control) in laterite soil. Increasing levels of P increased significantly the yield attributes, yield and nutrients uptake of fenugreek. Foliar spray of NAA @ 20 ppm proved significantly superior over control, tricontanol and IBA in enhancing productivity. Net return and benefit : cost ratio was also highest with 26.2 kg P/ha and NAA 20 ppm.
24. alok kumar and b. d. singh [Evaluation of TDZ [N phenyl-N’(123 diazolyl urea)] and IAA cytokinin in micropropagation of Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck seedling and kinnow nodal explants].Res. on Crops 9 (3) : 602-604 (2008). School of Biotechnology Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005 (U. P.), India.
ABSTRACT
Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck 21 days seedling explants epicotyls, hypocotyls, cotyledonary axis and shoot tips and kinnow nodal explants derived from nine years mature tree taken for adventitious shoot budding and callus induction using TDZ 0.5, 0.25, 0.1 and 0.025 mg/ml in MS media singly or in combination with 0.1 mg/ml IAA.
25.Mallikarjun Y. Kenganal, J. A. Amuda, F. S. Patil and U. G. Kulkarni [Feasibility of meristem culture for management of Banana Streak Virus (BSV) through micropropagation].Res. on Crops 9 (3) : 605-609 (2008). Department of Plant Pathology Marathwada Agricultural University, Parbhani-431 402 (M. S.), India.
ABSTRACT
Meristem culture is considered as novel approach of biotechnology in eliminating plant viruses in vitro. But the spread of Banana Streak Virus (BSV) through tissue culture seedlings in field had doubt about the technique. The present study was conducted to check the feasibility of the technology in managing the BSV through meristem culture and in combination with thermotherapy. BSV infected suckers of two cultivars Grand nine and Ardhapuri were used for meristem culture alongwith respective controls. Hot water treatment was supplemented as a tool to suppress the virus. Meristem buds were treated at different temperatures and time intervals. Buds sustained the maximum temperature of 50ºC for 10 min only and were selected for further regeneration after excising meristem from them. Non-treated infested meristems were also inoculated alongwith healthy on MS medium supplemented with different growth regulators for different stages. The regeneration of BSV infested meristem was found abnormal and took more time than healthy. The hot water treated suckers took more time than all. The regenerated seedlings subjected to PCR confirmation showed the inability of meristem culture technique in eliminating the virus from the host. The episomal nature of the virus and its genomic integration into the host genome could be the possible reason for the failure of the technology. Proper indexing by ELISA or PCR and regular observation of the explant for certain period of time were found most ideal before selecting the explants for tissue culture. Strict quarantine while international exchange of germplasm was most ideal procedure to avoid sub continental movement of the virus through exchange material.
26.Y. M. SOMASEKHARA, J. A. HOSMATH AND S. Y. WALI [Effects of herbicides on pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) wilt pathogen (Ceratocystis fimbriata)] Res. on Crops 9 (3) : 610-613 (2008). Department of Plant Pathology University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore-560 065 (Karnataka), India.
ABSTRACT
Herbicides are commonly used in the management of weeds in the pomegranate orchards. These herbicides may affect the soil microflora in the soil. Hence, the effect of herbicides on pomegranate wilt pathogen, Ceratocystis fimbriata was tested in the laboratory by employing food poison technique. The herbicides viz., atrazine, 2,4-D, glyphosate, oxyfluorfen and paraquat were tested in vitro against pomegranate wilt pathogen, C. fimbriata in 500, 1000 and 1500 ppm concentration. The maximum fungus inhibition was recorded in the herbicides oxyfluorfen and paraquat in all the concentrations. The herbicide glyphosate was effective at higher concentration (1500 ppm). In another experiment, germination of conidia, ascospores and chlamydospores was tested by mixing with herbicide solutions at 500, 1000 and 1500 ppm concentrations. The least conidial, ascospores and chlamydospores germination was observed to the herbicide glyphosate, oxyflourfen and paraquat at 1000 and 1500 ppm. In control, 52.2% of conidia, 34.0% of ascospores and 46.0% of chlamydospores germination was observed. The herbicides, glyphosate, oxyfluorfen and paraquat were found to be effective against pomegranate wilt pathogen, C. fimbriata. Hence, these herbicides can be exploited to reduce the fungal propagules present in the sick soil and save the crop from wilt disease.
27.Geeta Siddhu and M. A. Ali khan[Ecophysiotoxicological effects of cadmium pollution on seedling growth, chlorophyll stability index and sugar content of Solanum melongena L.].Res. on Crops 9 (3) : 614-621 (2008). Kisan P. G. College, Simbhaoli-245 207, Ghaziabad (U. P.), India.
ABSTRACT
Cadmium, heavy metal, owes its name from ‘Cadmia fornacum’ the zinc flower. It is non-perishable component and found in hydrosphere, atmosphere and lithosphere. Heavy metals enter the food chain through the phosphate fertilizers industrial sources and geochemical cycles which bioaccumulate in trophic levels of food chain and cause the cancer, anemia and depress the function of immune system in man and widely induced ‘Hormesis’ in plants. Cadmium chloride solutions were prepared by dissolving its molecular weight in 11 of Hoagland’s nutrient medium and other molar conc. viz., 10-2 M, 10-4 M, 10-5 M and 10-8 M were prepared from it. Seeds of Solanum melongena L. cv. Pusa uttam were sterilized with 0.1% HgCl2 then placed in Petriplate and Polythene bags in triplicate after pre-soaking treatment. It was observed that higher conc. (10-2 M) initiated early germination after 48 h of treatment and higher the phytotoxicity per cent and chlorophyll stability index, however, decreased germination per cent, seedling length, dry weight, seedling vigour index, plant growth, chlorophyll content and sugar content significantly. Moreover, lower conc. (10-8 M) revealed slightly promotory for these attributes.
28. R. B. Jolli, B. S. Vyakaranahal, P. R. Dharmatti, A. . Patil and M. Shekaragouda[Standardization of pollination time in tomato hybrid seed production].] Res. on Crops 9 (3) : 622-626 (2008). Regional Agricultural Research Station, Bijapur College of Agriculture, Dharwad (Karnataka), India *(jollirb@rediffmail.com).
ABSTRACT
ATo know the effect of pollination time on tomato hybrid seed production, a study on pollination at different time was undertaken at Agricultural Research Station, Hanumanamatti of Haveri District in Karnataka state during 2003 and 2004. In this study, the pooled analysis of two years’ data indicated that pollination at 10.00 a. m., 11.00 a. m. and 12.00 noon recorded higher fruit set percentage (48.7, 53.5 and 51.7), crossed fruit weight per plant (79.19, 80.95 and 72.52 g), seed weight per fruit (0.733, 0.826 and 0.698 g), number of seeds per fruit (73.8, 8.9 and 79.6), seed yield per plant (11.07, 11.86 and 11.11 g), seed recovery percentage (4.57, 4.75 and 4.52), respectively, and higher seed quality parameters such as germination, field emergence, root length, shoot length and vigour index were recorded.
29. R. B. Jolli, R. Gurumurthy, A. S. Sajjan, S. S. Karabantanal and R. C. Jagadesh [[Effects of dates of planting on seed yield and seed quality in hybrid chilli HCH-9646]Res. on Crops 9 (3) : 627-630 (2008). U. A. S. Regional Agricultural Research Station, Bijapur-586 101 (Karnataka), India *(jollirb@rediffmail.com).
ABSTRACT
A study on dates of planting on fruit setting, seed yield and seed quality in chilli hybrid HCH-9646 was carried out at Agricultural Research Station, Hanumanamatti during 2003-05. The experiment consisted of four dates of planting with five replications. The research results over two years viz., 2003-04 and 2004-05 revealed significant difference with respect to number of crossed fruits per plant, fruit set percentage, number of seeds per fruit, 1000-seed weight, seed yield (kg/ha), germination, field emergence percentage and vigour index due to dates of planting. Among different dates of planting tested, first week of June planting was found to be optimum date of plating for hybrid chilli seed production.
30.K. M. Patel, H. C. Patel and K. M. Gediya [Effect of nitrogen, organic manures and bio-fertilizers on growth and bulb yield of onion (Allium cepa L.) varieties]. Res. on Crops 9 (3) : 631-635 (2008). Department of Horticulture Anand Agricultural University, Anand-388 110 (Gujarat), India.
ABSTRACT
The variety Local White (V1) gave significantly the highest values of growth parameters viz., plant height, number of leaves per plant and leaf girth at 60, 75 and 90 days after transplanting as well as yield of onion i. e. 58.03, 55.25 and 56.64 t/ha during the years 2003-04, 2004-05 and on pooled basis, respectively, as compared to variety Agrifound Light Red (V2) i. e. 52.43, 49.77 and 51.10 t/ha, respectively. An application of nitrogen @ 100 kg N/ha alongwith 20 t FYM/ha (IN2) recorded significantly higher plant height, number of leaves per plant and leaf girth at 60, 75 and 90 days after transplanting during both the years and in pooled analysis but, it remained at par with the treatments IN8 (N100+PM4t), IN6 (N100+FYM10t+BF2.5) and IN12 (N100+PM2t+BF2.5). The bulb yield was found significantly higher in the treatment IN2 (N100+FYM20t) i. e. 66.71, 65.23 and 65.97 t/ha during the years 2003-04, 2004-05 and on pooled basis, respectively, as compared to rest of the integrated levels of nitrogen except the treatments IN8 (N100+PM4t), IN6 (N100+FYM10t+BF2.5) and IN12 (N100+PM2t+BF2.5).
31. K. M. Patel, H. C. Patel and K. M. Gediya [Effect of nitrogen, organic manures and bio-fertilizers on bulb yield and quality of onion (Allium cepa L.) varieties]. Res. on Crops 9 (3) : 636-639 (2008). Department of Horticulture Anand Agricultural University, Anand-388 110 (Gujarat), India.
ABSTRACT
The yield of onion bulb after harvesting was found significant. The variety Local White (V1) gave significantly the highest yield of bulb i. e. 58.03, 55.25 and 56.64 t/ha during the years 2003-04, 2004-05 and on pooled basis, respectively, as compared to variety Agrifound Light Red (V2) i. e. 52.43, 49.77 and 51.10 t/ha, respectively. The bulb yield was found significantly higher in the treatment IN2 (N100+FYM20t) i. e. 66.71, 65.23 and 65.97 t/ha during the years 2003-04, 2004-05 and on pooled basis, respectively, as compared to rest of the integrated levels of nitrogen except the treatments IN8 (N100+PM4t), IN6 (N100+FYM10t+BF2.5) and IN12 (N100+PM2t+BF2.5). The TSS, sulphur and nitrogen contents in onion bulb were found significantly higher in treatment IN2 (N100+ FYM20t) during both the years and in pooled analysis as compared to rest of the treatments except the treatments IN8 (N100+PM4t), IN6 (N100+FYM10t+BF2.5) and IN12 (N100+PM2t+BF2.5).
32. B.Vijaya Lakshmi, M.Vinay Kumar, B. Srinivas and K.V. Seetharamaiah[Line x tester analysis of combining ability studies in rice (Oryza sativa L.)].]Res. on Crops 9 (3) : 640-643 (2008). Andhra Pradesh Rice Research Institute, Maruteru-534 122 (Andhra Pradesh), India.
ABSTRACT
Fifteen crosses developed from five lines and three testers alongwith parents were evaluated in a line x tester design for grain yield and yield components in rice. The analysis of variance for combining ability revealed significant differences among the testers and lines, lines x testers interaction for all the characters except 100-grain weight suggesting the importance of both additive and non additive gene action in the inheritance of the characters studied. Samba mashuri among the lines and Lalnakanda 41 among testers showed good gca effects for yield and most of the yield attributes. Among the hybrids, the best performance for grain yield and sca effects were noticed by hybrid IR 20 (L2)/Lalnakanda-41 (T1), Samba mashuri (L3)/Lalnakanda 41 (T1) and Polasa prabha (L4)/Tulasi (T2) exhibiting importance of additive and non additive gene effects for genetic improvements.
33.Dharmendra Singh and Manoj Kumar Singh[Genetic variation, heritability, growth and ion relation in bread wheat under salt condition].Res. on Crops 9 (3) : 644-648 (2008). Department of Agricultural Botany Janata Mahavidyalaya, Ajitmal, Auraiya (U. P.), India.
ABSTRACT
The response of 10 different wheat genotypes/cultivars and three NaCl levels i. e. control, 10 and 20 dS/m was compared. Increase in salinity levels caused significant reduction in plant height, fresh shoot weight and dry shoot weight. On the basis of relative salt tolerance, genotypes/cultivars Kharchia 65 and KRL 19 were found more salt tolerant and KRL 35, NW 1014, HUWJ 13, HUWJ 2, KRL I-4 and NW 1012 were moderately tolerant and the genotypes/cultivars UP 2338 and HD 2009 were sensitive. The estimates of broad sense heritability for there characters ranged from 0.09 to 0.74. The data suggested that improvement in NaCl tolerance in bread wheat was possible by exploiting variability through conventional breading methods.
34. S. B. GHODASARA, C. J. DANGARIA, B. K. DAVADA, J. J. SAVALIYA AND A. G. PANSURIYA[Studies on heterosis and inbreeding depression in pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]Res. on Crops 9 (3) 649-651 (2008). Department of Agricultural Botany Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh-362 001 (Gujarat), India.
ABSTRACT
The present study was carried out with a view to know the extent of heterosis and inbreeding depression for grain yield and its attributes in pearl millet. Most of the crosses exhibited significant heterosis and heterobeltiosis coupled with inbreeding depression for all the characters studied indicating the presence of non-additive gene action. From the study heterosis breeding is suggested for all the characters except earhead length and girth. For earhead length and girth recurrent selection should be advocated in which desired segregants should be selected and intercrossed to concentrate the favourable genes for synthesizing the elite population.
35.K. JHANSI RANI AND S. S. RAO [Mid parental gca–a better prediction of hybrid performance in rabi sorghum].Res. on Crops 9 (3) : 652-656 (2008). Maize Research Centre ARI, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500 030 (A. P.), India.
ABSTRACT
Combining ability analysis was carried out for yield components in rabi sorghum by employing diallel analysis. The relationship between mean of hybrid, gca status of parents and sca effect of crosses was examined. Majority of the high yielding crosses had atleast one good general combiner and average gca effect of both the parents showed significant positive relationship with yield. In most of the crosses, there was no perfect correspondence between per se yield and sca effect, rather it was moderate sca with one general combiner which resulted in high mean.
36. A. P. Bhavani, N.Sasidharan, Y. M. Shukla and M.M. Bhatt[Correlation studies and path analysis in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)]. Res. on Crops 9 (3) : 657-660 (2008). Department of Agricultural Botany Anand Agricultural University, Anand-388 110 (Gujarat), India.
ABSTRACT
Twenty-seven genetically diverse genotypes of chickpea were studied for genotypic and phenotypic correlation coefficient and path analysis in 12 quantitative traits including seed yield per plant. The results revealed that the number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, 100-seed weight, number of pods per plant, harvest index, days to 50% flowering and days to maturity were the most important attributes which contributed towards higher yield. Therefore, it was emphasized that these components should be given more consideration while selecting for higher yield. The highest direct and positive effect on seed yield was exhibited by number of secondary branches per plant followed by days to maturity, days to 50% flowering and harvest index, whereas the number of pods per plant and 100-seed weight exhibited moderate direct positive effects. Thus, these characters turned out to be the major components of seed yield.
37. D. Bhadru[Genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance in pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp] .]Res. on Crops 9 (3) : 661-662 (2008). ANGRAU Agricultural Research Station, Tandur (A. P.), India.
ABSTRACT
Genetic parameters of 12 quantitative traits including seed yield were studied in 50 pigeonpea genotypes. Wide genetic variability was observed for number of pods, seed yield, plant spread, raceme length and plant height. A narrow magnitude of difference between PCV and GCV was observed for number of pods per plant, plant height, primary and secondary branches per plant. High heritability accompanied with high genetic advance was observed for number of pods per plant, seed raceme length and plant spread. Major stress should be given for these characters while selecting the superior pigeonpea.
38. J. D. Patel, M. R. Naik, S. B. Chaudhari, K. O. Vaghela and V. C. Kodappully [Diallel analysis for yield contributing characters in greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]. ]Res. on Crops 9 (3) : 663-665 (2008). Department of Agricultural Botany Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari-396 450 (Gujarat), India.
ABSTRACT
Diallel analysis was done using 28 F1s obtained from 8 x 8 diallel mating design, excluding reciprocals for yield and its components. Highly significant gca and sca variances were observed. The non-additive gene effects were predominant. GM-4, GM-3 and KM-5-124 were found to be the best general combiners and crosses KM-5-191 x GM-4, KM-5-124 x GM-4 and KM-5-183 x GM-3 were observed to be superior cross combinations for yield contributing characters.
39. D. K. Koche and A. D. Choudhary [Selection of early flowering, high yielding and CLS resistant mutant lines from mutagenized Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek population]Res. on Crops 9 (3) : 666-669 (2008). PGTD of Botany Shri Shivaji College, Akola-444 003 (M. S.), India.
ABSTRACT
In the present study, attempts have been made to induce genetic variability in cultivars of Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek developed by BARC (TARM-1, TARM-2 and TARM-18) and select desirable plant types. In our attempt, we have raised the EMS (Ethyl methanesulphonate) and gamma ray treated populations. The M2 population was subjected to selection for different traits. The screening of population led us to isolate some plant types showing significant increase in seed yield (seeds/plant). Some potential mutants showing early flowering and resistance to Cercospora were also isolated. The performance of these mutants was investigated upto M4 generation for the stability of character. Still the progeny was observed to be segregating. If these characters stabilize, these lines can be exploited commercially.
40.L. L. Jivani, M. D. Khanpara, V. H. Kachhadia and J. M. Modhvadia[Heterosis and inbreeding depression for pod yield and its related traits in Spanish bunch groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)].]Res. on Crops 9 (3) : 670-674 (2008). Regional Cotton Research Station Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh-362 001 (Gujarat), India.
ABSTRACT
A diallel analysis excluding reciprocals using eight genotypes was carried out to study the extent of heterosis and inbreeding depression for pod yield and yield attributing characters in bunch groundnut. The study revealed that heterosis over mid parent and better parent and inbreeding depression was observed for all the traits studied. The cross TG 19A x Chico exhibited significant and positive relative heterosis (52.87%) and heterobeltiosis (50.09%) alongwith maximum mean performance (13.49 g). It also expressed significant and high inbreeding depression (32.53%). Other crosses viz., GG-7 x Chico, SB-XI x JL-24 and FeESG-10 x JL-24 also expressed high heterobeltiosis alongwith high inbreeding depression for 100-kernel weight, shelling outturn and kernel yield per plant. Negative estimates of heterotic effects for some of the traits may be attributed to inter-allelic interactions. In general, crosses showing high heterosis also exhibited high inbreeding depression for pod yield and its attributing characters. Non-additive gene action with over dominance as indicated by close relationship between heterotic and inbreeding depression was observed for pod yield and its related traits. Based on these results, selection of segregants from the cross TG-19A x Chico is suggested for further continuation to achieve improvement in the pod yield and ultimately kernel yield. The method suggested is to make individual selection to intermate the selection then further select in the segregating generations of the cross. .
41. Poornima Matti and J. S. Awaknavar[Effect of temperature and relative humidity on efficacy of diatomaceous earth (Protect-It) on mortality of rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae]. Res. on Crops 9 (3) : 675-679 (2008). Department of Agricultural Entomology University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad-580 005 (Karnataka), India.
ABSTRACT
Effect of diatomaceous earth (DE) on mortality of adults of Sitophilus oryzae clearly revealed the importance of temperature and relative humidity. Hundred per cent mortality was recorded at combinations of highest temperature (350C) with all the four relative humidities of 30, 50, 70 and 90% and at 300C in only 30, 50 and 70% relative humidity combination, while at 250C at only two lower relative humidities (30 and 50%) and at lowest temperature 200C in only with lowest relative humidity (30%) combination. However, in other combinations, mortality ranged from 75 to 97%. Very similar trend has been observed in two releases. Seed germination ranged from 38 to 88.5% in different concentrations of temperature and RH tested. Least germination was recorded in untreated control (40%). No seed damage was recorded in even at highest RH (90%) at both the highest temperature (30 and 35oC). More seed damage was noticed in untreated control.
42. H. kalita and T. Ahmed [Evaluation of the efficacy of some insecticides against few major insect-pests of rice].Res. on Crops 9 (3) : 680-682 (2008). A. A. U. Regional Agricultural Research Station, Titabar-785 630 (Assam), India.
ABSTRACT
he efficacy of eight different insecticides was evaluated during kharif 2003 against certain rice pests viz., stem borer, gall midge, leaf folder and case worm by taking monocrotophos (Monocil 36 wsc) @ 500 g a. i./ha as check. The results revealed that all the insecticidal treatments reduced the insect populations significantly over control and incurred significantly higher yield. Among the treatments, carbofuran (Furadon 3G) 1000 g a. i./ha reduced maximum population of insect-pests and gave highest yield (45.72% increase of yield over control). Besides carbofuran (Furadon 3 G), imidacloprid (Confidor 200 SL), profenophos (Carina 50 EC) and Profenophos 40%+Cypermethrin 5% showed better results than monocrotophos (check), hence these may also be applicable for rice pest management.
43. Prerna Chikte,S. M. Thakare and S.K. Bhalkare[Influence of various cotton-based intercropping systems on population dynamics of thrips, Scircothrips dorsalis Hood and whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Genn.].]Res. on Crops 9 (3) : 683-687 (2008). Department of Entomology Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola-444 104 (M. S.), India.
ABSTRACT
Studies were carried out during 2004-05 in the field of Department of Entomology, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola in randomized block design using eight intercrop system replicated three times including sole crop of cotton with an objective to assess the potential of intercropping system in minimizing thrips and whiteflies on cotton. Intercropping of cowpea in cotton proved the best in suppressing the population of thrips and whiteflies. Moreover, the treatment of cotton+cowpea produced higher yield (251 kg/ha) and was at par with the treatment of cotton+marigold (232 kg/ha) and cotton+sorghum (210 kg/ha).
44. S. S. Dashad, Rahul chauhan and O. P. chaudhary[Emergence of different species of white grub beetles in relation to abiotic factors based on light trap catches]. ]Res. on Crops 9 (3) : 688-691 (2008). CCSHAU Regional Research Station, Bawal, Rewari-123 501 (Haryana), India.
ABSTRACT
Emergence pattern of white grub beetles in relation with abiotic factors (temperature, relative humidity and rainfall) using light trap was studied during kharif 2005 at the Research Farm of CCSHAU Regional Research Station, Bawal (Rewari). Emergence of white grub started from 18th standard week after first pre-monsoon rainfall of the season. Total 13 species (1998 beetles) of white grub were reported with maximum number of beetles of Holotrichia consanguinea (1214 beetles) followed by H. serrata (382 beetles). Peak emergence of beetles was reported in the month of July. White grub emergence was positively correlated with the temperature (r=0.82), relative humidity (r=0.77) and rainfall (r=0.69). Emergence of H. consanguinea was postively correlated with the temperature (r=0.82), relative humidity (0.77) and rainfall (0.69). For H. serrata, temperature and relative humidity had very less correlation with beetle emergence (r values of 0.31 and 0.54, respectively) but the rainfall occurrence favoured the beetle emergence (r=0.76). The other important species A. dorsalis, A. bengalensis and A. varicolor also had significant correlation with these abiotic factors
45.LIVINDER KAUR, R. G. SAINI AND SHIKHA AGARWAL [Evaluation of differentials and near isogenic lines with known stripe rust resistance gene for durability of resistance]. Res. on Crops 9 (3) : 692-696 (2008). Department of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biotechnology Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141 004 (Punjab), India.
ABSTRACT
Three international stripe rust differentials, Heines VII (Yr2), Vilmorin 23 (Yr3) and Hybrid 46 (Yr4) and 16 near isogenic lines (NILs) in Avocet background each carrying a known stripe rust resistance gene were assessed for stripe rust severity during 1999 to 2005 under the epiphytotic of four stripe rust races. Genes Yr5, Yr10, Yr15 and Yr25 remained free from stripe rust from 1999-05 indicating effectiveness of these genes. The NIL carrying gene Yr9 showed increase in stripe rust severity from 30S during 1999-2000 to 70S from 2001-05 suggesting an establishment of virulence on Yr9 during this period and rendering it ineffective. The genes Yr8, Yr24 and Yr26 remained free from stripe rust during 1999-2000 but displayed disease severity ranging from 10MR to 20MR/20S in subsequent years suggesting occurrence of virulence for these genes. Genes Yr1, Yr2, Yr3, Yr4, Yr12, Yr17, Yr18, Yr24, Yr26 and Yr27 were partially effective during the test years and there was no variation in their disease reaction and thus can be considered to possess durable resistance.
46. R. SUDHAKAR, P. S. JANAKI and BHARATI N. BHAT [Yield performance of Pleurotus sajor-caju on some selected agro-waste substrates in Southern Telangana Zone of Andhra Pradesh].]Res. on Crops 9 (3) : 697-699 (2008). ANGRAU Regional Agricultural Research Station, Palem-509 215 (A. P.), India.
ABSTRACT
Six agro-waste substrates viz., paddy straw, horsegram, cotton, capsicum, sunflower and groundnut and also combinations were tested for growing Pleurotus sajor-caju by poly bag method (12″ x 12″ ) during July-August (20-29 ºC) months. The highest yields (1925 g/2 kg) were obtained from horsegram followed by paddy straw (1750 g/2 kg). The groundnut haulm gave the lowest yield (793 g/2 kg). Among the six combinations of materials tested higher yields were obtained from combination-I (Horsegram husk+ Capsicum waste–1570 g/2 kg) followed by combination-V (Horsegram husk+Capsicum waste+Cotton waste–1560 g/2 kg). The days required for spawn run (SRP) and first harvest (FHT) were also comparatively less in horsegram followed by horsegram husk +capsicum waste (combination) and other substrates.
47. C. MENAKA, P. BALAMURUGAN AND P. R. RENGANAYAKI[Seed enhancement techniques in amaranthus cv. Co 5].]Res. on Crops 9 (3) : 700-703 (2008). Department of Seed Science and Technology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003 (Tamil Nadu), India *(e-mail : mesuy 76 @ yahoo.co.in).
ABSTRACT
The freshly harvested seeds of amaranthus cv. Co 5 will not germinate under normal condition due to the dormancy. To improve the germination, seeds were treated with different chemicals viz., GA3, IAA, ethrel, thiourea and KNO3 at different concentrations and soaking durations. All the treatments showed improvement in the germination of dormant seeds including water soaking. Among them, soaking the seeds in ethrel 200 ppm for 12 h excelled other treatments in increasing the germination significantly from 28 to 95%. Otherwise freshly harvested seeds could be stored for two months in due course to break the dormancy.
48. C. MENAKA, K. VANANGAMUDI, P. R. RENGANAYAKI AND S. LAKSHMI [Seed hardening and pelleting to increase the productivity of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] under rainfed conditions]. ]Res. on Crops 9 (3) : 704-706 (2008). Department of Seed Science and Technology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003 (Tamil Nadu), India.
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted at the Department of Seed Science and Technology to evaluate the various seed hardening and pelleting treatments. The best performed three treatments alongwith control were selected for raising the crop as a confirmation study. This study revealed that the pearl millet seeds hardened with brassinolide (0.1 ppm) for 6 h increased the productivity (2518 kg/ha) upto 17.6% compared to control (2140 kg/ha).
49. R. Subhashini [Suitability of amended vermiculite as a carrier for bacterial inoculants].]Res. on Crops 9 (3) : 707-723 (2008). TNAU Oilseeds Research Station, Tindivanam-604 002 (Tamil Nadu), India.
ABSTRACT
Vermiculite, the hydrated micaceous mineral consisting of magnesium and ferro-magnesium aluminium silicates, was evaluated as a carrier material for the preparation of bacterial inoculants. Different grades of raw and exfoliated vermiculite were initially analyzed for their physical, chemical and biological characteristics and based on the results obtained, exfoliated grade V vermiculite was selected to be used as the carrier material. The material was amended with charcoal and humic acid at 5 and 10% levels, and with lignite at 10 and 20% levels based on their organic carbon content. Evaluation of the shelf life of bacterial inoculants was conducted with two nitrogen fixing strains viz., Rhizobium COG 15 and Azospirillum lipoferum AZ 204 and a phosphobacterium strain PB 1 (Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticum). All the three inoculants recorded more than 107 cells/g dry weight upto 245 days after inoculation (DAI). Maximum population of phosphobacterium PB 1 was observed in 10% humic acid amended vermiculite carrier on 210 DAI (20.66 x 1014 cfu/g dry weight) followed by 20% lignite amended vermiculite inoculant (41.09 x 1012 cfu/g dry weight). Population of Rhizobium COG 15 was maximum on 175 DAI in 5% humic acid amended vermiculite (28.98 x 1013 cfu/g dry weight) followed by 20% lignite amended vermiculite carrier (27.21 x 1013 cfu/g dry weight). In case of Azospirillum AZ 204, lignite amended treatment recorded the maximum population at both 10 and 20% levels (1.33 x 1010 cfu and 7.67 x 109 cfu/g dry weight, respectively) at 245 DAI. pH of the carrier did not vary significantly, whereas there was considerable moisture loss during the storage period. The results clearly indicated longer shelf life of bacterial inoculants in vermiculite for about eight months (>108 viable cells/g dry weight) and even better survival, when added with suitable amendments, indicating the more suitability of vermiculite as a carrier for bacterial inoculant production.
50. Ramesh Kumar, Jai Lal Yadav and Sube Singh Yadav[Increasing productivity and profitability of greengram through front line demonstrations in south-west Haryana]. Res. on Crops 9 (3) : 724-727 (2008). CCSHAU Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Mahendergarh (Haryana), India.
ABSTRACT
Front Line Demonstrations on greengram were conducted at farmers’ field from 2003 to 2006 in Mahendergarh district of Haryana state. The demonstration yield was compared with local check yield of farmers’ practices. Adoption of improved technology in greengram increased the crop yield by 19.9% over local check. This increase in yield was recorded with additional expenditure of Rs. 1049/ha. The additional returns, effective gain and incremental benefit cost ratio (IBCR) came out to be Rs. 3119/ha, Rs. 2070/ha, 2.96, respectively. The extension and technology gaps were recorded as 126 and 631 kg/ ha. The technology index of 45.08% strongly indicated the technological inadequacies in greengram cultivation. The results of demonstration revealed that the low level of productivity at farmers’ field could be increased to sustainable level by adopting improved technology.
51. virender sardana, a. k. atwal and m. k. sangha[Effect of foliar application of sulphur on yield, quality and economics of Indian mustard, Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss]]Res. on Crops 9 (3) : 728-730 (2008). Oilseeds Section, Department of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biotechnology Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana-141 004 (Punjab), India.
A study was carried out in mustard to find out the effect of application of sulphur (gypsum as soil application, thiourea and sulphuric acid as foliar application) on the productivity, quality and economic returns under irrigated conditions. Increase in seed yield with different treatments ranged from 8.9% with foliar application of thiourea @ 0.05% at flower initiation to 22.2% with soil application of 20 kg S/ha as gypsum at sowing+foliar application of thiourea @ 0.05% over control. Net returns and B : C ratio were higher with basal application of 20 kg S/ha through gypsum+foliar application of thiourea (0.05%) closely followed by spray of 0.15% sulphuric acid and soil application of gypsum to supply 40 kg S/ha. Application of gypsum reduced the glucosinolate content in defatted seed meal.
52. RAM SINGH [A climatological study of agricultural droughts in arid zone of Haryana]Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 401-403 (2008). Department of Agricultural Meteorology CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004 (Haryana), India.
ABSTRACT
The present study is an attempt for the analysis of agricultural droughts with their frequency, intensity and probability of occurrence in arid zone of Haryana by choosing Hisar station (Latitude 29°10′ N and Longitude 75°46¢E) as a representative location. The weekly rainfall data of summer monsoon season (kharif season) for a period of 60 years (1945-2004) of Hisar station were used for the present analysis. The total numbers of agricultural drought resulted at Hisar were 17 and out of these, more than 40% resulted during last two consecutive decades. It was also noticed that there was no agricultural drought during one decade comprising years from 1955 to 1964. The intensity of drought occurrence was observed as extremely severe, severe, moderate and mild during one, three, eight and five drought years, respectively. The probability of occurrence of agricultural droughts at Hisar station is 28.2%.