Volume 9, Number 2 (August, 2008)

1. V. B. GEDAM, M. S. POWAR, RUDRAGOUDA, N. V. MAHSKAR AND J. R. RAMETKE [Residual effect of organic manures on growth, yield attributes and yield of rice in groundnut-rice cropping system].Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 199-201 (2008). Department of Agronomy Dr. B. S. Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli (Maharashtra), India.

ABSTRACT

A field experiment was conducted at Agronomy Farm, College of Agriculture, Dr. B. S. Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, District Ratnagiri during 2002-04, with a view to study the residual effect of organic manures on growth, yield attributes and yield of rice in groundnut-rice cropping system. It was observed that residual effect of organic manures significantly affected the grain yield of succeeding rice. Application of poultry manure and Swastik @ 5 t/ha to groundnut increased the grain yield of rice significantly over the remaining treatments. The grain yield of rice ranged from 30.54 q/ha in control plot to 46.52 q/ha due to residue of poultry manure applied to groundnut. Similarly, the direct effect of fertilizer applied to rice was significant in increasing the yield of rice. Hundred per cent RDF recorded significantly higher grain yield as compared to 50% RDF.

2.ASHOK KUMAR, B. R. GUPTA, D. D. TIWARI AND T. P. TIWARI [Effect of basal sesbania green manuring on yield and nutrient use efficiency in rice-chickpea sequence}. Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 202-208 (2008). Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry C. S. Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur-208 002 (U. P.), India.

ABSTRACT

On station trials (OSTs) were conducted at Fertilizer Research Station, Uttaripura, C. S. Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur during kharif 2005 and 2006 (Hybrid rice PHB-71) and rabi 2005-06 and 2006-07 (Chickpea-udai) to work out the effect of green manuring with different levels of NPK and biofertilizer on the yield and nutrient use efficiency of the crops in a fixed layout in split plot design with four replications taking green manuring (+GM) and no greenmanuring (-GM) in main plots and fertilizer doses in sub-plots. results revealed that significant direct and residual response of green manuring with control was maximum to the order of 1240 kg/ha (42.61%) during 1st year and 1275 kg/ha (45.94%) during 2nd year in hybrid rice. Magnitude of increase in yield due to green manuring was lower at higher fertility levels both in rice and chickpea. Highest grain yield of hybrid rice (9300 and 8670 kg/ha) during 1st and 2nd year, respectively, and chickpea (1900 kg/ha and 2037 kg/ha during 1st and 2nd year, respectively, was recorded with 150% NPK+green manuring+biofetilizer. Response of biofertilizer in rice ranged from 202 to 422 kg/ha and 290 to 388 kg/ha during 1st and 2nd year, while it ranged from 72 to 107 kg/ha and 72 to 140 kg/ha during 1st and 2nd year in chickpea. Highest total removal of NPK to the order of 405.5 kg/ha and 394 kg/ha during 1st and 2nd year, respectively, in hybrid rice and 183.8 and 199.8 kg/ha during 1st and 2nd year in chickpea was recorded in the treatment of 150% NPK+green manuring+biofertilizer. Increase in nutrient use efficiency due to green manuring being higher in control and lower at higher doses of applied nutrient ranged from 10.7 to 43.9% with mean value of 17.4 and 10.68 to 44.36% with mean value (16.61%) during 1st and 2nd year, respectively, in rice, and it ranged from 6 to 17% with mean value of 11.4 during 1st and 5.66 to 16.69% with mean value (11.57%) during 2nd year in chickpea. Per cent increase in NUE due to biofertilizer in hybrid rice was noted as 6.5 and 8.16%, while it was 8.8 and 9.17% in chickpea. .

3.S. M. NAWLAKHE AND D. J. JIOTODE [Integrated nutrient management in transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.]. Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 209-211 (2008).Department of Agronomy Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola-444 104 (M. S.), India.Department of Agronomy Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola-444 104 (M. S.), India.

ABSTRACT

A field experiment was conducted during kharif seasons of 1992, 1993 and 1994 at Sindewahi in Eastern Vidarbha Zone to develop an integrated nutrient management system for “Sye-75” transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.). Application of recommended fertilizer dose of 100 : 50 : 50 kg/ha of NPK recorded highest grain yield (4416 kg/ha) but it was found at par with the treatment 50% N through RDF+50% N through Glyricidia (4391 kg/ha). Highest gross monetary return (Rs. 14291/ha) and B : C ratio (1.60) were obtained with integrated nutrient management system using Glyricidia and inorganic fertilizer supplying 50% N each.

4. ASHOK KUMAR, D. D. TIWARI, T. P. TIWARI AND B. R. GUPTA [Effect of phosphorus and potassium on yield and economics of hybrid rice in Central Plain Zone of Uttar Pradesh) and on available nutrient status in soil*]. Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 212-214 (2008).Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry C. S. Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur (U. P.), India.

ABSTRACT

A field experiment was conducted at Fertilizer Research Station, Uttaripura of the University during kharif 2006. Results indicated that the association with optimum doses of N, S and Zn singificantly increase rice yield upto 60 kg/ha P2O5 and K2O each fetching the grain yield of 7895 and 7700 kg/ha, respectively. Maximum response over farmers’ practices was with N150+P90+K90+S40+Zn25 to the order of (42.78%) 2400 kg/ha. Response of K2O application over K control was noted as 550, 1145 and 1260 kg/ha at 30, 60 and 90 kg K2O/ha, respectively. Response kg grain/kg K2O and P2O5 was recorded maximum 19 and 15.25 at 60 kg and minimum 14 and 13.61 at 90 kg/ha, respectively. Response of 40 kg S was recorded as 520 kg/ha (6.9%), while response of 25 kg ZnSO4/ha was noted as 695 kg/ha (9.5%). Response kg grain/kg S and ZnSO4 was recorded as 13.0 and 27.8, respectively. Maximum net return matching with crop yield was found as Rs. 12650/ha with maximum input of N150+P90+K90+S40+Zn25 kg/ha. Addition of 10 t FYM with dose of NPK (150 : 60 : 60 kg/ha) exhibited 26.92% higher yield and Rs. 6980/ha higher net return over FFP

5. M. M. BHATT, DILIP B. PATEL, N. SASIDHARAN AND G. C. JADJE [Salinity resistance studies in rice (Oryza sativa L.)].Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 215-218 (2008).Department of Agricultural Botany Anand Agricultural University, Anand-388 110 (Gujarat), India.

ABSTRACT

Twenty-five rice genotypes were used to study the effect of salinity stress on germination and seedling growth. The treatments included saline solutions of sodium chloride (NaCl) at two levels viz., EC 20 and 24 mmhos/cm alongwith control (distilled water). Observations were recorded for water imbibing capacity of seeds after 24 h of soaking (%), germination of seeds after 7 and 14 days treatment (%), shoot and root length (cm), dry weight of shoot and root (mg) and root-shoot ratio(on dry weight basis) 20 days after treatment. The effect of salinity was evident at both the levels i. e. 20 and 24 EC. Effect of salinity was significant in all recorded characters. Genotypes differed significantly for all the characters. Among the varieties tested, three genotypes, namely, IET-16891, IET-17700 and a local variety Dandi exhibited significantly higher salt tolerance at both the levels of salinity concentrations (20 and 24 EC).

6. MOHAMMAD EFTEKHARI, ALI AKABAR SHAH-NEJAT BOUSHEHRI, BAHMAN YAZDI-SAMADIR AND ROUHOLLAH AMINI[Evaluation of water soluble proteins of the Iranian wheat cultivars by isoelectric focusing method]. Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 219-224 (2008). Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.

ABSTRACT

Water soluble proteins of the Iranian wheat cultivars that were released since five decades ago were evaluated by IEF method. This trial was conducted to evaluate genetic diversity of soluble proteins of Iranian bread wheat, comparing this with other markers and evaluating their variance from past until now. Dendrogram based on complete linkage algorithm classified cultivars in 10 clusters. Cultivars of various classes didn’t have logical relationship with geographical distribution. High polymorphism in albumin bands was observed. Genetic analysis of released cultivars for various areas indicated that there were no differences among genetic diversity index of cultivars planted in khazar, temperate, tropical and cold regions.

7. V. PRASADA RAO, V. P. SINGH AND B. D. SHARMA [Effect of nitrogen and seed rate on growth, yield attributes and yield of wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L.)]. Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 225-228 (2008). Department of Agronomy CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004 (Haryana), India.

ABSTRACT

A field experiment was conducted at Agronomy Research Area of Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (India) during the rabi (winter) season of 2004-05 on a sandy loam soil. The experiment was conducted to study the effect of nitrogen and seed rate on growth, yield attributes and yield of wheat varieties. It was consisting of combination of two varieties (WH-711 and HD-2687) and three seed rates (100, 90 and 80 kg/ha) as main plot treatments and three nitrogen levels as sub-plot treatments. The field experiment was laid outin split plot design with three replications. The results revealed that among the varieties, the variety WH-711 recorded higher growth parameters, yield attributes and yield than the variety HD-2687. Among seed rate treatments, seed rate at 100 kg/ha (100% recommended seed rate) recorded higher growth parameters, yield attributes and yield followed by 90 and 80 kg seed rate (90 and 80% recommended seed rate). Nitrogen levels (150, 135 and 120 kg/ha) did not cause any significant effect on most of these parameters.

8. V. PRASADA RAO, V. P. SINGH AND B. D. SHARMA [Effect of nitrogen and seed rate on physico-chemical properties, seed quality and nutritional quality of wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L.)]]. Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 229-232 (2008). Department of Agronomy CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004 (Haryana), India.

ABSTRACT

A field experiment was conducted at Agronomy Research Area of Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (India) during the rabi (winter) season of 2004-05 on a sandy loam soil to study the effect of nitrogen and seed rate on physico-chemical properties, seed quality and nutritional quality of wheat varieties. The experiment was consisting of combination of two varieties (WH-711 and HD-2687) and three seed rates (100, 90 and 80 kg/ha) as main plot treatments and three nitrogen levels as sub-plot treatments. The field experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. The results revealed that all the three treatments and their combinations had no significant effect on most of the physico-chemical properties, seed quality and nutritional quality parameters. However, varieties and seed rate had significant effect on gluten and protein content of wheat influencing strongly the nutritional value of the grain.

9. V. PRASADA RAO, V. P. SINGH AND B. D. SHARMA[Effect of nitrogen and seed rate on uptake and recovery of nitrogen by wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L.)]. Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 233-235 (2008). Department of Agronomy CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004 (Haryana), India.

ABSTRACT

A field experiment was conducted at Agronomy Research Area of Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (India) during the rabi (winter) season of 2004-05 on a sandy loam soil to study the effect of nitrogen and seed rate on uptake and recovery of nitrogen by wheat varieties.The experiment consisting of combination of two varieties (WH-711 and HD-2687) and three seed rates (100, 90 and 80 kg/ha) as main plot treatments and three nitrogen levels as sub-plot treatments. The field experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. The results revealed that the varieties and the seed rates showed significant effect on nitrogen uptake and recovery. The variety WH-711 is more capable of nitrogen uptake and recovery than the variety HD-2687. Seed rate at 80% of the recommended rate (80 kg/ha) showed more nitrogen uptake and recovery than the seed rates at 100 and 90% of the recommended seed rates (100 and 90 kg/ha). However, nitrogen levels have not caused any significant difference for nitrogen uptake and recovery by plants.

10.M. V. SINGH AND NEERAJ KUMAR [Effect of row spacing and nitrogen levels on wheat (Triticum aestivum) under late sown condition in eastern U. P.].Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 236-239 (2008). Crop Research Station, Bahraich-271 801 (U. P.), India.

ABSTRACT

A field experiment was conducted during the winter (rabi) seasons of 2005-06 and 2006-07 to find out the optimum row spacing and nitrogen levels requirement for late sown wheat (Triticum aestivum). Row spacing of 20 cm significantly increased in yield over the spacings of 18 and 22 cm. Significant increase in yield (45.25 and 44.5 q/ha) was recorded with 160 kg N/ha in years 2005-06 and 2006-07 over the dose of 0, 40, 80 and 120 kg N/ha and higher net returns (Rs. 23867 and 24830/ha) and cost : benefit ratio (1 : 3.03, and 1 : 3.11) were also recorded under application of 160 kg N/ha in years 2005-06 and 2006-07, respectively.

11. R. N. VERMA, D. D. YADAV, RAJENDRA KUMAR YADAV, RAKESH KUMAR CHAUDHARY AND OM PAL SINGH [Effect of nitrogen on yield attributes and yield of malt and feed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)]. Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 240-242 (2008).Department of Agronomy C. S. Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur-208 002 (U. P.), India.

ABSTRACT

A field experiment was conducted during rabi 1999-2000 and 2000-01 to study the comparative performance of two malt barley varieties (K-508 and K-551) against feed barley (K-409) at four levels (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg/ha) of nitrogen. Among the varieties, K-508 registered significantly more plant height, dry matter/plant, grain weight/ear, grain and straw yields than K-409 and K-551. Application of N showed significant increase in dry matter/plant, ears/m2 and grain weight/ear upto 60 kg N, whereas grain and straw yields increased significantly only upto 40 kg/ha.

12. D. D. TIWARI, NIRMAL KUMAR KATYARI, R. C. NIGAM AND B. R. GUPTA[Yield, nutrient uptake and quality characteristics of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) as affected by graded levels of nitrogen and Azotobacter inoculation]. Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 243-245 (2008). Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry C. S. Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur-208 002 (U. P.), India.

ABSTRACT

A field experiment was conducted on barley crop during rabi 2006-07 with six levesl of N (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 kg N/ha) without and with Azotobacter inoculation in the pot culture houe of Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, C. S. Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur. Grain and straw yields of barely crop increased linearly and significantly with increasing nitrogen levels upto 80 kg N/ha and yields were obtained 3269 and 3539 kg/ha, respectively. The yields (grain and straw) further increased when Azotobacter inoculation was done with nitrogen levels upto 60 kg N/ha. Highest grain and straw yield of 3307 kg/ha and 3361 kg/ha were recorded at 100 kg N/ha without and at 80 kg N/ha with Azotobacter inoculation, respectively. Nitrogen and phosphorus uptake increased significantly with increasing nitrogen level upto 100 kg N/ha. N and P uptake significantly increased by Azotobacter inoculation upto 80 kg N/ha. Maximum protein content (10.7%) was obtained by conjoint use of 100 kg N/ha plus Azotobacter incoulation.

13. SARITA RANI, HARBIR SINGH, R. S. HOODA AND V. P. SINGH [Effect of genotypes and crop management levels on content and uptake of nutrients by pearl millet]. Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 246-247 (2008). Department of Agronomy CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004 (Haryana), India.

ABSTRACT

A field experiment was conducted at the Crop Research Farm, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar to study the effect of genotypes [hybrids (HHB-67 Improved and HHB-94) and composites (HC-10 and HC-20) and crop management levels [Low (40 kg N+20 kg P2O5/ha+no irrigation), medium (80 kg N+40 kg P2O5/ha+one irrigation), optimum (120 kg N+60 kg P2O5/ha+two irrigations) and high (160 kg N+80 kg P2O5/ha+three irrigations) on N, P and K concentration and uptake in grain and stover of pearl millet during kharif season of 2006. Pearl millet genotypes did not differ significantly in P content (%) and K content (%) in grain and stover. Composite HC-20 recorded higher N, P and K uptake than hybrid HHB-67 Improved, HHB-94 and composite HC-10. Increasing levels of crop management brought about significant improvement in N, P and K content and uptake by pearl millet mainly upto optimum (120 kg N+60 kg P2O5/ha+two irrigations) level of management.

14. S. C. RAJPUT [Effect of integrated nutrient management of productivity and monetary returns of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum)]. Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 248-250 (2008).C. S. A. U. A. & T. Regional Research Station, Kalai, Aligarh (Uttar Pradesh), India.

ABSTRACT

An experiment was conducted for two years (2002 and 2003) at Regional Research Station, Kalai, Aligarh (U. P.) to evaluate the effect of nutrient management practices of growth and yield of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. Emend. Stuntz.]. Highest yield was observed in 5 t FYM/ha application over control. Each unit increase in N level led to significant increase in growth, yield attributing characters and yield of pearl millet. The maximum grain yield (24.2 q/ha) was recorded with highest N level. Combined inoculation of Azospirillum+PSB increased the growth, yield attributes and yield significantly. The monetary returns were found in similar trends.

15. S. C. RAJPUT AND M. Z. SIDDIQUI [Impact of moisture conservation practices on productivity and profitability of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) under rainfed conditions]. Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 251-252 (2008).C. S. A. U. A. & T. Regional Research Station, Kalai, Aligarh (Uttar Pradesh), India.

ABSTRACT

A field experiment was conducted on a sandy loam soil at Regional Research Station, Kalai, Aligarh (U. P.) during rainy (kharif)seasons of 2004 and 2005. The treatment combinations comprising 10 moisture conservation practices (Spray of 6% kaolin at flowering, dust mulch, spray of 0.1% thiourea at tillering stage, spray of 0.1% thiourea at flowering stage, spray of 0.1% thiourea at tillering and flowering stages, removal of alternate rows at pre-flowering stage, removal at one row after every two rows at pre-flowering-stage, paired row planted at 30/60 cm with opening of dead furrow, 60 cm row spacing with ridge and furrow and control (no mulch) were followed by three replications in randomized block design. Among moisture conservation practices, paired row planting of pearl millet at 30/60 cm with opening of dead furrow treatment recorded significantly higher pearl millet yield and economics compared with rest of the treatments.

16. S. C. RAJPUT[Yield and economics of rainfed pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) as influenced by integrated nutrient management] Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 253-254 (2008).C. S. A. U. A. & T. Regional Research Station, Kalai, Aligarh (Uttar Pradesh), India.

ABSTRACT

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) seasons of 2004 and 2005 at Regional Research Station, Kalai, Aligarh (U. P.) to study the effect of nutrient management on growth, yield attributes, yield and economics of rainfed pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. Emend. Stuntz.]. Nutrient management caused remarkable improvement in growth, yield attributes, yield and economic returns of pearl millet. The performance of nutrient management treatments in the form of yield and economics followed by the order of recommended of NPK (RDF) > ½ RDF + 2.5 t VC/ha+Azosp. + PSB > ½ RDF + 5 t FYM/ha+Azosp.+PSB>7.5 t VC/ha+Azosp.+PSB>15 t FYM/ha+Azosp.+ PSB > Control.

17.B. S. LINGARAJU, K. G. PARAMESHWARAPPA AND D. I. JIRALI[Effect of plant density and fertilizer levels on growth and yield of maize genotypes under rainfed condition]. Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 255-258 (2008).Main Agricultural Research Station, Dharwad-580 005 (Karnataka), India.

ABSTRACT

Effect of genotypes, plant densities and fertilizer levels on growth, yield and economics in maize was studied for three consecutive seasons during kharif 2004, 2005 and 2006 at the Main Agricultural Research Station, Dharwad (Karnataka). The highest grain yield was obtained with maize hybrid 900-M (6776 kg/ha) compared to DMH-2(5479 kg/ha) and EH-434042 (6049 kg/ha). Grain yield increased significantly with increase in plant population upto 85555 plants/ha (6485 kg/ha). Application of 200% RDF recorded significantly higher grain yield (6406 kg/ha) compared to 100% RDF (5688 kg/ha) but was on par with 150% RDF (6211 kg/ha). Significantly the highest net return (Rs. 59320/ha) was realized with 900-M hybrid at closer spacing (60 x 20 cm) and application of 200% RDF but, was statistically on par with 150% RDF (Rs. 57806/ha). Higher B : C ratio (5.23) was also realized with 900-M at closer spacing of 60 x 20 cm and application of 150% RDF.

18. S. SUBBULAKSHMI, P. SUBBIAN AND N. SARAVANAN [Predicting maize-sunflower yield reduction by weed modelling]Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 259-265 (2008). Department of Agronomy Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003 (Tamil Nadu), India.

ABSTRACT

Field experiment was conducted during kharif and rabi seasons of 2005-06 to study the effect of different tillage and weed management practices on weed growth and to develop model on effect of weed density on yield reduction under maize-sunflower cropping system. The results revealed that, at all stages, the r2 values were found to be comparatively high and also the chi-square values were insignificant, indicating the goodness of fit of the equation. The lowest yield at a given weed density was predicted at 20 DAS. And also at 40 DAS, the yield loss per unit weed density was found to be higher. Similarly, the value of a that gave the influence of weed density on crop yield was also found to be the maximum of this stage. At 50 DAS, the yield loss per unit weed density got decreased and the trend continued upto the harvest of the crop.

19. M. V. SINGH, NEERAJ KUMAR AND B. N. MISRA [PEffect of row spacing and nitrogen levels on mustard (Brassica juncea) under late sown condition in eastern U. P.]Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 266-269 (2008). Crop Research Station, Bahraich-271 801 (U. P.), India.

ABSTRACT

A field experiment to study the effect of Rhizobium and Pseudomonas fluorescence inoculation in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under polymulch was carried out during kharif season of 2005-06 at the experimental farm of Oilseeds Research Station, Dr. P. D. K. V., Akola. Inoculation treatments significantly influenced yield and yield attributing characters. Application of 25 kg nitrogen/ha also resulted in significantly higher number of branches per plant, number of pods, pods dry weight per plant, number of seeds per pod, 100-seed weight (g) and yield (q/ha) than control treatment. Combined inoculation of Rhizobium+Pseudomonas fluorescence was found to be best in increasing all the parameters of grain yield.

20. S. S. PARKHE, S. R. POTDUKHE AND S. H. WAVARE [Effect of Rhizobium and Pseudomonas fluorescence on yield and yield attributes of groundnut under polymulch. ]Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 270-273 (2008). Department of Plant Pathology Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola-444 001 (M. S.), India.

ABSTRACT

A field experiment to study the effect of Rhizobium and Pseudomonas fluorescence inoculation in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under polymulch was carried out during kharif season of 2005-06 at the experimental farm of Oilseeds Research Station, Dr. P. D. K. V., Akola. Inoculation treatments significantly influenced yield and yield attributing characters. Application of 25 kg nitrogen/ha also resulted in significantly higher number of branches per plant, number of pods, pods dry weight per plant, number of seeds per pod, 100-seed weight (g) and yield (q/ha) than control treatment. Combined inoculation of Rhizobium+Pseudomonas fluorescence was found to be best in increasing all the parameters of grain yield.

21. SUNIL KUMAR, AQUIL AHMAD AND ANWAR MASOOD [Salinity induced per cent seed germination and seedling growth of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cv. Pac-3776]Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 277-277 (2008). P. G. Department of Botany M. J. P. Rohilkhand University, Shahjahanpur-242 001 (U. P.), India *(e-mail : kumarsunil22@yahoo.com).

ABSTRACT

A factorial randomized laboratory experiment was conducted at G. F. (P. G.) College, Department of Botany, Shahjahanpur (U. P.) to access the adverse effect of salinity on per cent seed germination and seedling growth of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cv. PAC-3776. The results revealed that as the concentration of salinity increased the per cent seed germination declined. However, the lower level of salinity did not show any adverse effect. After 24 h of sowing, the germination tookplace only in control and 5 E. C. concentration. After 48 h it was 15.38% lower in 5 E. C., 38.46% lower in 10 E. C., 79.53% lower in 15 E. C., 94.92% lower in 20 E. C. as compared to control and no germination occurred in 25 E. C. Whereas after 168 h, germination took place in all concentrations. Moreover, fresh weight and dry weight of shoot and root of seedling also showed adverse effect with increasing salinity levels, but shoots were more affected than roots. Fresh weight of shoot was 39.75% in 5 E. C., 51.80% in 10 E. C. 65.46% in 15 E. C. 71.88% in 20 E. C. and 75.90% in 25 E. C. lower, respectively, as compared to control. Fresh weight of root was 36.95% lower in 5 E. C. 45.65% in 10 E. C. 54.34% in 15 E. C. 68.47% in 20 E. C. and 70.65% in 25 E. C. lower, respectively, as compared to control. Similarly, dry weight of shoot was 3.88% lower in 5 E. C. 6.24% in 10 E. C. 8.59% in 15 E. C. 18.78% in 20 E. C. and 28.66% in 25 E. C. as compared to control. Dry weight of roots remained same in 5 E. C. However, it was 18.37% lower in 10 E. C., 32.63% in 15 E. C. 44.88% in 20 E. C. and 57.13% in 25 E. C., respectively, as compared to control.

22. M. N. THIMMEGODA, V. K. KIRAN KUMAR, A. G. BANDI AND SHARANAPPA [Influence of depth of irrigation, land and water management practices on root attributes and soil moisture extraction pattern in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)]Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 278-282 (2008). Department of Agronomy University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore-560 065 (Karnataka), India.

ABSTRACT

Effect of depth of irrigation, land and water management on root attributes and soil moisture extraction pattern in sunflower was studied at the Agronomy Field Unit, ZARS, GKVK, Bangalore. The results of the investigation revealed that root attributes viz., maximum root length (33.27 cm), root volume (101.28 cc), root dry weight (63.23 g) and root density (0.63) were significantly higher with 3 cm depth of irrigation. Irrigation with 5 cm depth recorded maximum root width (24.41 cm) and seed yield (27.86 q/ha) over 3 cm depth (23.11 cm and 25.62 q/ha, respectively). Soil depth of 15-30 cm contributed major share of moisture depletion (41.35%) in 3 cm depth of irrigation. However, 0-15 and 15-30 cm contributed equally in irrigation with 5 cm depth (33.17 and 36.57%, respectively). Paired row planting with normal irrigation recorded higher root length, volume and dry weight. However, the maximum root width was recorded with paired row planting with irrigation only in paired rows. The later treatment also depleted more moisture from 0-30 cm soil depth.

23. G. M. DALAI, S. SEN AND A. K. PAL[Water use and productivity of summer sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) as influenced by irrigation and phosphorus]Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 283-285 (2008). Department of Agronomy Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur-741 252, India.

ABSTRACT

Application of irrigation and phosphate fertilization significantly influenced the number of filled seeds of the flower head, the number of filled seeds/flower head, 100-seed yield and the oil content in seeds. Two irrigations applied one each at bud initiation and seed development stage were significantly better over single irrigation applied at bud in irrigation or at seed development stage was significantly superior to 30 kg P2O5 for both maximum seed, the best combination was with two irrigations. Consumptive use increased with increase in the level of irrigation and consumptive use efficiency decreased with increased level of irrigation.

24. P. G. CHAVAN, V. S. SHINDE, G. M. KOTE, P. S. SOLUNKE AND A. A. BHONDVE [PResponse of sources and levels of phosphorus with and without PSB inoculation on growth, yield and quality of soybean]Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 286-289 (2008). Department of Agronomy Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola-444 104 (M. S.), India.

ABSTRACT

A field experiment was conducted on clayey soils during kharif season of 2005-06 at the Farm of Agronomy, Dr. PDKV, Akola to evaluate the effect of sources and levels of phosphorus with and without PSB inoculation on growth, yield and quality of soybean. Results indicated that application of phosphorus through SSP recorded significantly higher plant height, number of branches, leaf area, number of root nodules, dry matter accumulation, number of pods, yield/plant, seed and straw yield, oil yield, protein content and protein yield than DAP and RP. The growth attributes, yield attributes, seed and straw yield and quality attributes were significantly improved with seed inoculated with PSB culture than non-inoculation. Increase in phosphorus level from 25 to 50 and 50 to 75 kg/ha noted significant increase in growth attributes, yield attributes, seed yield and quality attributes.

25.NARAYAN S. MAVARKAR, S. SRIDHARA ANDT. BASAVARAJ NAIK [[Effect of methods of zinc application on growth and yield of cowpea under rainfed conditions]es. on Crops 9 (2) : 290-292 (2008). Department of Agronomy UAS College of Agriculture, Navile, Shimoga-577 204 (Karnataka), India.

ABSTRACT

A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2002 at College of Agriculture, Shimoga to study the response of cowpea to methods of zinc application under rainfed conditions. The zinc was applied either as foliar spray or seed treatment or soil application alongwith recommended dose of fertilizer and compared with application of recommended dose of fertilizer. The results revealed that application of ZnSO4 @ 1% as foliar spray at 25 DAS had recorded significantly higher grain yield (1166 kg/ha) as compared to recommended dose of fertilizer and other methods of zinc application. Similar trend was also noticed with respect to growth and yield attributes.

26.T. RAMESH, K. PALANISAMI AND S. SENTHILVEL [Water productivity at farm level under differential agricultural production systems]Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 293-296 (2008). Centre for Agricultural and Rural Development Studies (CARDS) Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003 (Tamil Nadu), India *(e-mail : agronramesh@yahoo.co.in).

ABSTRACT

A study was carried out at Centre for Agricultural and Rural Development Studies (CARDS), Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore to work out the water productivity at farm level under different agriculture production systems in well-irrigated areas in the Western Zone of Tamil Nadu. Farms with crops alone (0.9 ha), crop+dairy (1.0 ha) and crop+fishery (1.20 ha) were taken for this study. Physical as well as economic output from crop, dairy and fishery were recorded separately and the total farm output was calculated based on the market price of each produce and pooled. The water productivity was worked out by dividing the total farm output and total water used. Results concluded that gross volume of water used in the farm was 12003, 10068.4 and 16352 m3 under crops alone, crops+dairy and crops+fishery, respectively. Water productivity in fish culturing was found to be comparatively higher (Rs. 65.83/m3) than dairy (Rs. 37.67/m3). While comparing the different combinations of farm enterprises, crop+fishery system produced higher water productivity(Rs.41.43/m3) followed by crop+dairy combination (Rs. 11.27/m3) and crops alone (Rs. 9.64/m3). From the study, it could be concluded that water productivity of farm was improved when the farm had allied enterprises alongwith crops cultivation.

27.IEANYI A. OJIAKO, GODWIN N. ASUMUGHA AND CHUMA EZEDINMA[Analysis of production trends in Nigeria’s major cereals, 1961-2005]Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 297-307 (2008). International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria *(e-mail : iojiako2000@yahoo.co.uk).

ABSTRACT

Cereals are among the major staple crops grown and used for promoting food security and generating cash for households in sub-Sahara Africa, including Nigeria. Apart from providing a variety of food recipes, they also serve as vital inputs for production of beverages by breweries, animal feed and fodder supply for the livestock sector. In view of their relevance in national development, this study seeks to investigate the trends in production of major cereals in Nigeria since the early years of the country’s political independence. Secondary data collected from the Statistical database of the Food and Agriculture Organization for 1961-2005 were used for the study. Exponential trend models were used to obtain annual growth rates for different time periods to compare the influence of government policies on output overtime. Results revealed that output of cereals increased in absolute terms, especially with the introduction of programmes of structural adjustments in the 1980s. The trend equations for the aggregate period revealed good fit with highly significant slope parameters (P<0.01) for all crops. Apart from sorghum, which attained its highest growth of 6.49% during the 2001-05 period, all-time highest growth rates for other cereals were attained during the 1981-90 period when both the austerity measures and the structural adjustment programme (SAP) were introduced into the economy. Within the entire study period, rice recorded the highest growth rate of 7.71% compared with 5.54% for maize, 3.88% for wheat, 2.44% for millet and 2.20% for sorghum. Among all crops, the performance of maize was found to be most unstable. The implication of the finding is that the liberalization and appropriate pricing policy adopted during SAP impacted positively on output of cereals in Nigeria. Also accounting for increased output were impressive technological breakthroughs achieved through collaborative research that led to development and dissemination of high-yielding and disease-resistant varieties, as well as donor-assisted multiplication projects that were implemented across different states of the country at various times. The growths could not, however, be sustained during the post-adjustment era due to policies distortions, lack of focus and appropriate political will, inability to identify the real growth nodules, and collapse of highly sensitive sectors of the economy, like power and transport, making the realization of the desired sustainable growth in agriculture a mirage. The result has been a less attractive rural economy characterized by low returns on agricultural investment and rural-urban migration. Provision of rural infrastructures and policy thrusts that could guarantee stability of the rural economy would help to foster sustainable growth in production of cereals for promotion of food security in Nigeria

28. J. K. BALYAN, PUSPENDRA SINGH, B. S. KUMPAWAT AND M. L. JAT[Effect of organic manure, fertilizer level and biofertilizers on soil nutrients balance in maize (Zea mays L.)] Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 308-310 (2008). Dryland Farming Research Station, Arjia, Bhilwara-311 001 (Rajasthan), India.

ABSTRACT

A field experiment conducted on maize during kharif of 2001 and 2002 revealed that an application of nutrients in any improved the negative balance of N, P and K by 14.43, 4.31 and 9.91 kg/ha as compared to their control, respectively. However, application of 10 t FYM/ha improved the N, P and K status of soil by 2.78, 4.31 and 8.56 kg/ha, application of 100% RDF (N90P30K30) by 0.36, 4.75 and 11.23 kg/ha, and seed inoculation with Azotobacter+PSB by 4.76, 2.13 and 1.69 kg/ha, respectively, over their lower levels, respectively.

29. B. ANANDAKRISHNAN, M. SHEIK DAWOOD, M. SOUNDARRAJAN, S. JEBARAJ AND M. MURUGESAN [Conjunctive Use Of Post Methanated Distillery Effluent And Inorganic Fertilizers For Sustainable Sugarcane Cultivation]Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 311-316 (2008). TNAU A. D. Agricultural College & Research Institute, Tiruchirappalli-620 009 (Tamil Nadu), India.

ABSTRACT

Post methanation effluent (PME) generated through biomethanation of distillery effluent was applied to arable land for augmenting agriculture production. The PME contains considerable amount of organic matter and salt besides its high plant nutrient content. The present investigation was conducted during 2004-05 on sugarcane to evaluate the impact of graded levels of post-methanation effluent (PME) with different combinations of major nutrients on soil properties and crop productivity in sandy clay loam soil. The main plot treatments viz., M2 – 1.25, M3–2.50, M4 – 3.75 and M5–5.0 lakh litres/ha of PME application were compared with control (no PME application) and the sub-plots viz., S2–N, S3–NP, S4–NK, S5–PK, S6–NPK fertilizer treatments were compared with control (no fertilizer treatment). The fertilizer treatments received only 75% of recommended dose of fertilizers (206, 45, and 84 kg of N, P2O5 and K2O). The application of PME has significantly increased the cane yield and has left significantly higher soil organic carbon, available NPK, exchangeable cations and available micronutrients in the post-harvest soil after the crop uptake. The PME applied at 1.25 lakh litres per ha has resulted in higher yield without any adverse effect on the soil properties. The PME has substituted 25% of inorganic N and P fertilizer and 100% of inorganic K fertilizer. Thus, application of PME to arable land, as an amendment could be considered as a valuable substitute for inorganic fertilizers as well as a viable option for safe disposal of this industrial waste.

30.B. ANANDAKRISHNAN, M. SOUNDERRAJAN, M. SHEIK DAWOOD, S. JEBARAJ, M. MURUGESNA AND R. PUSHPAVALLI [Effect of long term use of post bio-methanated sugar distillery effluent (PME) on soil properties and yield of sugarcane crop] Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 317-321 (2008). A. D. Agricultural College and Research Institute, Trichy (Tamil Nadu), India.

ABSTRACT

Field experiments were conducted with sugarcane crop in sandy loam soil to study the long term effect of post bio-methanated sugar distillery effluent (PME) on soil properties and yield of sugarcane during 2001-04. The PME was applied at different dilutions viz., 1 : 10T, 1 : 20T, 1 : 30T, 1 : 40T and 1 : 50T. The PME alongwith irrigation water at different dilutions significantly increased the sugarcane yield and highest cane yield was recorded at 1 : 10T dilution in all the four experiments. The results revealed that the pH of the soil was changed to near neutral and there was no significant change observed on the EC of the soil. The organic carbon and available NPK content of the post-harvest soil has significantly built up over the years in the PME applied plots when compared to the control. The 1 : 10T dilution treatment recorded the highest built up of 96, 17.5 and 372 kg/ha available NPK when compared to the other treatments over the initial control cumulatively in four years.

31. M. R. PATEL, A. C. SADHU, R. M. PATEL, H. R. KHER AND D. J. PARMAR[Remunerative forage based cropping sequence for sustained productivity under irrigated conditions]Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 322-324 (2008). Main Forage Research Station Anand Agricultural University, Anand-388 110 (Gujarat), India.

ABSTRACT

A field experiment was conducted during 2001-02 to 2005-06 on a fixed site at Forage Research Project, Anand to find out the most remunerative forage based cropping sequence for sustained productivity under irrigated conditions. The results indicate that the cropping system of hybrid napier having inter crops cowpea (kharif) and lucerne (rabi and summer) should be adopted for getting maximum and year round forage production and for obtaining the highest net returns. The cropping sequence of forage bajra (single cut) (kharif)-cowpea (late kharif)-lucerne (rabi and summer) recorded the second highest forage production and net realization. However, food and fodder production system of bajra (kharif) for grain-potato (rabi)-forage bajra + cowpea (summer) cropping system registered maximum bajra equivalent yield in average of five years and gave bajra grain yield and potato tuber yield in addition to forage production.

 

32. M. R. Patel, A. C. Sadhu, R. M. PATEL, H. P. PARMAR AND H. R. KHER[Cutting management in different genotypes of forage bajra during summer season]Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 325-327 (2008). Main Forage Research Station Anand Agricultural University, Anand-388 110 (Gujarat), India.

ABSTRACT

A field experiment was conducted during summer seasons of 2003-05 to study the effect of cutting management of multicut forage bajra genotypes. The genotypes AFB-2 and AFB-1 produced significantly higher green forage yield and higher net returns than Rajka bajra. Cutting height of 15.0 cm gave significantly higher dry matter and crude protein yields than lower cutting height of 7.5 cm and also recorded maximum values of green forage yield, yield attributes as well as net realization. Cutting interval of 40+25+25+25 days increased number of tillers/m row and produced significantly higher green forage yield than cutting forage bajra at 50+30+30 days interval. Forage bajra cultivar AFB-1 harvested at cutting height of 15.0 cm and at 40+25+25+25 days interval recorded the maximum crude protein yield in pooled results of three years.

 

33.A. C. SADHU, M. R. PATEL, R. M. PATEL AND D. J. PARMAR [Effect of stubble height and fertility levels on yield and quality of multicut forage sorghum cv. S. S. G. 59-3]Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 328-330 (2008). Main Forage Research Station Anand Agricultural University, Anand-388 110 (Gujarat), India.

ABSTRACT

The field experiment was carried out during kharif 2004 at Main Forage Research Station, Anand to find out the effect of stubble height and fertility levels on yield and quality of multicut forage sorghum. Twelve treatment combinations involving three stubble heights (Close to the ground, 7.5 cm above the ground and 15.0 cm above the ground) and four fertility levels (100 kg N/ha alone, 100 kg N/ha+50 kg P2O5/ha, 100 kg N/ha+50 kg P2O5/ha+50 kg K2O/ha and 100 kg N/ha+50 kg P2O5/ha+50 kg K2O/ha+25 kg ZnSO4/ha) were tested in split plot design with four replications. Harvesting forage sorghum at stubble height of 15.0 cm was found significantly superior in green forage, dry matter and crude protein yields in total of three cuts than other stubble height treatments except green forage yield under 0 cm treatments. The differences due to fertility levels were not found significant for green forage yield. However, application of 100 kg N/ha+50 kg P2O5/ha being at par with fertility level of 100 kg N/ha+50 kg P2O5/ha+50 kg K2O/ha produced significantly higher dry matter and crude protein yields than other fertility levels in total of three cuts.

34. G. JANARDHAN, S. THIMME GOWDA, D. THIPPESH, B. MAHANTHESH AND C. RAMACHANDRA [Effect of integrated nitrogen management practices on nutrient content of mulberry (Morus indica L.) leaves].Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 331-334 (2008).U. A. S. College of Horticulture, Mudigere-577 132 (Karnataka), India.

ABSTRACT

A field experiment on effect of integrated nitrogen management practices on growth, yield and quality of mulberry (Morus indica L.) leaves was conducted on a sandy loam soil in the farmers’ field of Mayurapura village, Hunsur taluk, Mysore district, Karnataka state, India. The treatments consisted of organic manures viz., farmyard manure, vermicompost and poultry manure and inorganic fertilizers viz., urea in various combinations to supply 25, 50, 75 and 100% nitrogen and in addition, no nitrogen and recommended dose of farmyard manure and fertilizers were also included for comparison. The nitrogen (2.85%) content of leaves was higher with recommended dose of farmyard manure and fertilizers. The phosphorus (0.29%) andpotassium (2.85%) content of leaves were higher with 100% nitrogen through vermicompost, whereas magnesium content of leaves (0.72%) was higher with 50% nitrogen each through poultry manure and urea. Integrated nitrogen management practices did not influence calcium and sulphur content of leaves.

35.S. T. BINI SUNDAR, A. SADASAKTHI, G. ASHOK KUMAR AND M. VISNU PRIYA [Effect of growth regulators on growth and flowering in triploid crossandra (Crossandra infundibuliformis) cv. Delhi]Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 335-337 (2008). Department of Horticulture Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai-625 104 (Tamil Nadu), India.

ABSTRACT

An investigation was undertaken to study the growth and flowering response of triploid crossandra cv. Delhi to the treatments of growth regulators, during 2004-05 at Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai. The plants were given treatments of GA3 at 100, 150 and 200 ppm; NAA at 75, 100 and 150 ppm; BA 100, 150 and 200 ppm and MH at 500, 1000 and 1500 ppm. All the treatments of growth substances registered significant effect on growth, development and flowering of crossandra. However, GA3 at 150 ppm was found to be more effective.

 

36. NAVEEN KUMAR SINGH, ASHOK KUMAR AND V.K. YADAV[Integrated effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on yield and quality of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)]Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 338-341 (2008). Department of Agronomy C. S. Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur-208 002 (U. P.)

ABSTRACT

A field experiment was conducted at Students’ Instructional Farm, C. S. Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur during two consecutive years 2004-05 and 2005-06. The results indicated that different organic and inorganic fertilizer treatments effected significant increase in potato tuber, dry matter yield, nutrient uptake and protein content. However, starch content was not linearly significant. The higher potato tuber and dry matter yield were obtained (23.55 and 5.18 t/ha, respectively) in treatment RD 125% and highest N, P and K uptake (132.65, 14.10 and 154.85 kg/ha, respectively) in same treatment on the mean basis of two years’ field study.

 

37. N. K. BISWAS, P. S. NATH, SRIKANTA DAS, B. k. DE AND INDARBRATA BAHTTACHARYYA[Field screening of different varieties/lines of bhendi [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] against yellow vein mosaic virus disease in West Bengal]]Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 342-344 (2008) Department of Plant Pathology Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur-741 252, Nadia (West Bengal), India.

ABSTRACT

Bhendi [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] is one of the most important crops in India. The production of this crop is getting serios setback due to yellow vein mosaic virus disease. The best way is to control the disease by growing resistant varieties against yellow vein mosaic virus disease. Field reaction of 14 varieties/lines of bhendi for resistance agaisnt yellow vein mosaic virus diesese clearly showed that none of the varieties/lines was free from the disease. The disease incidence varied from 18.25 to 64.96%. The lowest disease incidence was recorded by the variety/line ZOH-3002 (18.25%) and highest by the variety/line VB-9801 (64.96%). The population of whitefly was recorded minimum in the variety/line ZOH-3002 followed by BO-13 and US-7109 and highest population was recorded in the variety/line VB-9801. The variety/line ZOH-3002 produced highest yield (85.43 q/ha) and lowest yield was recorded by the hybrid variety/line VB-9801 (13.20 q/ha). Of the 14 varieties/lines tested, three varieties/lines (ZOH-3002, US-7109 and BO-13) were moderately resistant, three varieties/lines (NOH-147, HRB-108-2 and AROH-113) were moderately susceptible, seven varieties/lines (HRB-107-4, P-7, Arka Abhoy, IIVR-11, Parvani Kranti, Pant bhendi and local) were susceptible, one variety/line (VB-9801) was highly susceptible..

 

38. N. K. BISWAS, P. S. NATH, SRIKANTA DAS AND. K. DE [Management of yellow vein mosaic virus disease of okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] through different plant oils]Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 345-347 (2008). Department of Plant Pathology Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur-741 252, Nadia (West Bengal), India

ABSTRACT

Six different plant oils were evaluated against yellow vein mosaic virus disease of okra. The plant oils are extracted from Crozophera, Palmarosa, Citronella, Lemongrass, Coronza and Neem.Among them, Lemongrass, Crozophera and Palmarosa extract oils were promising in reducing the incidence of whitefly and decreasing the incidence of yellow vein masaic virus disease indirectly. Rogor (Dimethoate) was known to be effective against whitefly and indirectly YVMV disease incidence. Significantly higher fruit yield of okra, reduction in disease incidence and whitefly population were achieved through application of Crozophera @ 1 ml/l followed by Palmarosa @ 1 ml/l.

 

39. R. C. SHARMA AND RUPENDRA KHANDWE [Response of weed control measures in kharif onion]Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 348-349 (2008). Krishi Vigyan Kendra J. N. Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Harda (Madhya Pradesh), India.

ABSTRACT

A field experiment was conducted during rainy (kharif) seasons of 2003-04 and 2004-05 to evaluate the impact of different weed control measures on growth and yield of onion (Allium cepa). Minimum weed population and dry weight of weeds/m2 were recorded under pendimenthalin @ 1.25 kg a. i./ha. However, the highest plant height, leaves/plant, fresh and dry weight/plant, bulb diameter and marketable bulb yield were recorded under weed free plot, followed by pendimethalin at 1.25 kg a. i./ha.

 

40.H. B. PATEL, M. M. BHATT, J. S. PATEL ANDd J. A. PATEL[Heterosis for green fruit yield and its quality attributes in chilli (Capsicum annuum L.)]Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 350-352 (2008). Department of Agricultural Botany Anand Agricultural University, Anand-388 110 (Gujarat), India.

ABSTRACT

The experimental material comprised five GMS lines, eight males and their 40 hybrids produced by using Line x Tester mating design alongwith a check variety ARCH-228. These were evaluated during kharif-rabi 2005-06. The hybrids ACMS-2 x LCA-206 and ACMS-2 x LCA-206 exhibited highest positive significant heterosis over mid parent and better parent, respectively, while none of the hybrids was found significant over standard check for green fruit yield. The hybrids ACMS-4 x GVC-101 and ACMS-2 x GVC-101 exhibited maximum positive significant heterosis and heterobeltiosis for chlorophyll content and capsaicin content, respectively. The cross ACMA-6 x LCA-206 was found to exhibit highest heterosis for seeds to fruit weight ratio in desired direction over standard check.

 

41. G. ASHOK KUMAR, G. BALAKRISHNAMOORTHY, S. T. BINI SUNDAR AND M. VISHNU PRIYA [Effect of biostimulants on physiological and biochemical characters of paprika (Capsicum annuum var. Longum) var. Kt Pl-19]Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 353-355 (2008). Department of Spices & Plantation Crops Horticultural College and Research Institute Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003 (Tamil Nadu), India.

ABSTRACT

Field experiment was carried out at the College Orchard of Horticultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University; Coimbatore during 2005- 06. Foliar spray of Panchagavya and Moringa leaf extract each at 2.0 and 4.0%, Humic acid at 0.1 and 0.2%, Cytozyme at 1% and Atonik at l% at three stages on 25th, 45th and 65th days of crop growth was done. Application of biostimulants significantly increased the physiological and biochemical characters and yield of paprika. Panchagavya 4% significantly increased dry matter production per plant, ascorbic acid, TSS, oleoresin, capsaicin and capsanthin content in paprika var.Kt Pl-19.

 

42. R. P. KACHA, A. C. SADHU, D. A. TANK AND K. M. GEDIYA [Green fruit yield, quality and nutrient uptake by chillies (Capsicum annuum L.) as influenced by spacings, castor cake and nitrogen levels]]Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 356-359 (2008). Department of Agronomy Anand Agricultural University, Anand-388 110 (Gujarat), India.

ABSTRACT

A field experiment was conducted at Main Vegetable Research Station, Anand on loamy sand soil to study the effect of spacings, castor cake and nitrogen levels on green chillies (Capsicum annuum L.) in kharif-rabi seasons during 2002-03 and 2003-04. The results revealed that narrow spacing of 60 x 60 cm significantly decreased the number of green fruits/plant, green fruit yield/plant and green fruit weight as compared to wider spacing of 90 x 60 cm. However, green fruit yield as well as the potassium uptake by chilli crop was significantly higher in narrow spacing of 60 x 60 cm due to higher plant population under this treatment. Application of castor cake @ 1 t /ha significantly increased the number of green chilli fruits/ plant, green fruit yield/ plant and as a result increased the green fruit yield as compared to no castor cake application. Application of castor cake @ 1 t/ha significantly increased nitrogen and potassium content and the uptake of nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by chilli crop and also enhanced available nitrogen status of the soil over no castor cake treatment. Application of nitrogen @ 150 kg N/ha significantly increased the yield attributes and green fruit yield as compared to lower levels of 100 kg N/ha, but was at par with higher levels of nitrogen. The treatment of 250 kg N/ha recorded the highest values of content and uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium as well as available nitrogen status after crop harvest and was significantly superior to lower levels of nitrogen except 200 kg N/ha. However, the Capsicum content was reduced as the nitrogen level increased.

43. R.SUDHAGAR AND K. SEKAR[Effect of various fertilizer levels and leaching fractions on growth of potted poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherimma Willd.)]Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 360-363 (2008). Department of Horticulture Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608 002, India.

ABSTRACT

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of nitrogen and various leaching fractions (LF) on growth of potted poinsettia. The treatments comprised four levels of nitrogen (50, 125, 200 and 275 mg/l) and three leaching fractions (0, 0.2 and 0.4). Experiments were laid out in a factorial completely randomized design and replicated five times. From the results of the experiments, it was found that the highest plant height was recorded with the fertilizer level of 125 mg/l N with 0.2 LF. The maximum plant diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, bract area, and bract diameter were observed in the plants fertilized at the level of 125 mg/l N with 0.4 LF. Total fresh weight was also maximum in plants fertilized at 125 mg/l N with 0.4 LF. Leaf N concentration is in the normal range in all the treatments except plant fertilized with 50 mg/l N, which was below critical level. P concentration was in the acceptable range with 50 mg/l N for all leaching fractions. K concentration was also in normal range in all the treatment combinations.

44. N. MARAPPA, D. L. SAVITHRAMMA, H. R. PRABUDDHA AND K. C. JAYESH[Genetic variability study in mungbean and related species for yield and its attributes*]Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 364-366 (2008). Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore-560 065 (Karnataka), India.

ABSTRACT

Genetic variability for yield and its component characters was studied in 169 mungbean germplasm lines which also comprised four wild relatives. Analysis of variance showed the presence of significant variability among the genotypes studied. The estimates of PCV and GCV were relatively high for plant height, primary branches per plant, clusters per plant, pod yield per plant and seed yield. High heritability estimates coupled high genetic advance as per cent of mean were recorded for all the 11 characters studied offering scope for improvement of these traits through simple selection.

 

45.M. N. THIMMEGOWDA, V. K. KIRAN KUMAR, A. G. BANDI AND SHARANAPPA [Correlation, regression and path coefficient analysis of seed yield with other attributes as influenced by irrigation, land and water management practices in sunflower]]Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 367-370 (2008). Department of Agronomy University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore-560 065 (Karnataka), India.

ABSTRACT

The field experiment conducted at ZARS, GKVK, Bangalore on sunflower indicated significant correlation between the seed yield with growth and yield components like number of leaves (0.7458**), leaf area (0.5827**), total dry matter (0.7756**), capitullum diameter (0.5587**) and number of seeds per capitullum (0.6650**). The regression study showed 74.48% contribution of growth components and 61.72% of yield components towards seed yield. Contribution of number of leaves (X1), leaf area (X2), total dry matter (X3) and stem girth (X4) was 74.48% towards the yield with a regression equation of Y= -17.898 + 0.712 X1 – 0.999 X2 + 0.138 X3 +1.878 X4 and that of yield components like capitullum diameter (X1), number of seeds per capitullum (X2) test weight (X3) and weight of capitullum (X4) was 61.72% contribution of these with a regression equation of Y= -5.529 + 0.113 X1 + 0.019 X2 + 0.031 X3 + 0.108 X4.

 

46. D. H. VEAKRIYA, M. S. PITHIA AND R. L. KALAWADAI [Correlation and path analysis in F2 generation of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.]Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 371-374 (2008). DDepartment of Agricultural Botany Janagadh Agricultural University, Janagadh-362 001 (Gujarat), India.

ABSTRACT

Correlation and path coefficient are important tools for getting information regarding relationship among traits for use in selection. In the present study, these parameters have been studied in 30 F2 population, which were planted in randomized complete block design. Estimates of phenotypic correlations revealed positive and highly significant association of seed yield per plant with pods per plant, seeds per plant and biological yield per plant. Genotypic correlation of seed yield per plant with all above said characters was also strong and positive. Path coefficients at genotypic as well as at phenotypic levels showed that number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant and 100-seed weight made maximum direct contribution and also exerted appreciable indirect influence towards seed yield per plant.

47. S. SUBBULAKSHMI, P. SUBBIAN AND N. SARAVANAN [Combining ability analysis in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)]Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 375-379 (2008). Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur-313 001 (Rajasthan), India

ABSTRACT

The 45 F1’s were obtained by crossing 10 different lines of groundnut in a diallel fashion and evaluated with parents and two check varieties viz., TAG-24 and SB-IX in randomized block design with three replications and combining ability was estimated for 14 yield and yield related attributes. The estimates of gca effects indicated that parents GG-4, GG-2, GG-5 and GG-20 were good general combiners for pod yield and its componental traits. The crosses GG-5 x ICGV-93462 and GG-20 x ICGV-93462 were best specific combiners for pod yield per plant, kernel yield, days to early flowering and reduced plant height.

48. L. L. PANWAR AND B. R. RANWAH [Combining ability for yield components and key quality traits in scented rice (Oryza sativa L.)]Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 380-385 (2008). Agricultural Research Station, Kota-324 001 (Rajasthan), India.

ABSTRACT

Combining ability analysis was carried out for yield, its components and grain quality traits in a 10 x 10 diallel cross (excluding reciprocals) under four environments, created by four dates of transplanting viz., E1 (early transplanting), E2 (normal transplanting), E3 (late transplanting) and E4 (very late transplanting). The study revealed highly significant mean squares due to both gca and sca for all the characters in all the four environments, indicating the importance of both additive and non-additive gene effects in the inheritance of yield, its components and grain quality characters. The estimates of gca and sca were highly influenced by the environments, indicating their inconsistency over the environments. Among the parents, IET 16320, IET 13549, Pusa Basmati 1 and IET 13846 emerged as good general combiners for yield components and grain quality traits. Considering the per se performance, sca effects and standard heterosis, five cross combinations viz., IET 16320 x IET 13549, IET 13549 x Pusa Basmati 1, IET 16320 x Pusa Basmati 1, IET 16320 x IET 13846 and Basmati 370 x Pusa Basmati 1 could be exploited for their yield potential and grain quality traits to get transgressive segregants in further breeding programme.

49. F. M. OOWOADE*, G. O. ADEOYE, O. O. ADE OLUWA, O. O. OLATUNJI AND B. A. LAWAL [Fertilizer trials on performance of Aloe-vera]Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 386-389 (2008). Department of Agronomy Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.

ABSTRACT

Pot experiment was conducted at the University of Ibadan, Ibadan between November 2001 and March 2002 to determine the effects of different fertilizers on the performance of Aloe-vera using a completely randomized design with 19 treatments with four replicates. The fertilizer treatments were control (no fertilizer), 100 and 200 kg/ha of NPK 10 -10-10, NPK 15-15-15 and NPK 27-13-13, 50 and 100 kg/ha N (Urea), 40 and 80 kg P2O5/ha as sokoto rock phosphate. Others are 20 and 40 kg P2O5/ha as SSP, organomineral fertilizer grade A and B at 2 and 5 t/ha, 40 and 80 kg/ha K2O as KCl fertilizer. Parameters measured were leaf length, leaf width, weight gained, number of leaves and number of shoots. Aloe-vera plant treatments with NPK 20-10-10 at 200 kg/ha were the most superior and significantly higher than other treatments in terms of weight, leaf length and leaf width.

50. K. M. GEDIYA, T. G. MEISHERI, SEEMA SHARMA, R. P. KACHA AND G. G. PATEL [Effect of spacing, nitrogen and phosphorus levels on seed and khakhri yield of bidi tobacco variety A-119]Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 390-393 (2008). Department of Agronomy Anand Agricultural University, Anand-388 001 (Gujarat), India.

ABSTRACT

Transplanting of tobacco seedlings at a wider spacing of 90 x 45 cm in comparison to narrow spacing of 90 x 30 cm, 75 x 45 cm and 75 x 30 cm, remarkably increased suckers/plant, number of racemes/plant, capsules on main bunch, capsules/plant, capsules weight/plant, seed weight/capsule, seed yield/plant, test weight and seed yield (1039 kg/ha). Application of 180 to 260 kg N/ha did not manifest any significant effect on suckers/plant, racemes/plant and number of capsules on main bunch, however, higher level of nitrogen recorded significantly higher values for number of capsules/ plant, capsule weight/plant, seed weight per capsule, seed yield per plant, test weight as well as seed and khakhri yields as compared to lower level of 180 kg N/ha. Application of 50 kg P2O5/ha recorded significantly highert values for capsule weight per plant, seed weight per capsule, seed yield per plant, test weight and seed yield. It did not have any significant influence on yield parameters like suckers per plant, racemes per plant, number of capsules on main bunch, capsules per plant and khakhri yield. Transplanting of tobacco seed crop at 90 x 30 cm resulted in higher net profit to the tune of Rs. 1, 65,404/ha alongwith higher B. C. R. of 1 : 3.22 than that obtained under rest of all the three spacing levels. Among the nitrogen levels, the treatment of 260 kg N/ha recorded the highest net profit (Rs. 1,47,507/ha) with B. C. R. value of 1 : 3.07, however, the highest B. C. R. of 1 : 3.08 with a net realization to the tune of Rs. 1, 45,065/ha was recorded under the treatment of 220 kg N/ha. An application of 50 kg P2O5/ha recorded the highest net realization of Rs. 1,46,500/ha alongwith higher B. C. R. of 1 : 3.08, followed by 25 kg P2O5/ha with a higher net realization of Rs. 1,44,934/ha and higher B. C. R. of 1 : 3.08.

51. K. M. GEDIYA, T. G. MEISHERI, SEEMA SHARMA, R. P. KACHA AND G. G. PATEL[PSeed yield, quality and nutrient uptake by bidi tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) var. A-119 as influenced by spacing, nitrogen and phosphorus levels]Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 394-400 (2008). Department of Agronomy Anand Agricultural University, Anand-388 001 (Gujarat), India.

Wider spacing of 90 x 30 cm recorded significantly higher seed (1039 kg/ha) and oil (358 kg/ha) yields but it was at par with the spacing of 75 x 45 cm. Whereas transplanting of tobacco seed crop at the closest spacing of 75 x 30 cm recorded significantly the highest plant population. Total nitrogen uptake by tobacco seed crop was significantly increased with increase in spacing levels but different spacings indicated their non-significant differences on total phosphorus uptake by tobacco seed crop. Spacing did not significantly influence the nicotine content in leaves and stalks, reducing sugar content in leaves and chemical properties of the soil after crop harvest viz., soil pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon and available nutrients status (nitrogen, phosphorus and potash) as well as micronutrient cations (Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu). An application of 260 kg N/ha, followed by 220 kg N/ha recorded significantly higher seed yield as compared to lower level of 180 kg N/ha. However, the effect of different levels of nitrogen was found non-significant for oil yield of tobacco seed crop. Different levels of nitrogen did not exert their significant influence on reducing sugar content of leaves. However, nicotine content in the leaves was significantly increased with increase in nitrogen levels from 180 to 260 kg N/ha, while application of 260 kg N/ha recorded significantly the highest nicotine content in tobacco stalks than 180 kg N/ha. Organic carbon and nitrogen uptake by tobacco seed crop were also increased with increase in nitrogen levels from 180 to 260 kg N/ha. Significantly higher soil pH was recorded due to application of 180 kg N/ha as compared to higher levels of nitrogen. Different nitrogen levels did not manifest their significant effects on other soil chemical properties viz., EC and available nutrient status (P, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu) of the soil after crop harvest. An application of 50 kg P2O5/ha recorded higher values for seed and oil yields. Nicotine content in leaves and stalks, soil pH, organic carbon content and available nutrients status (except phosphorus) of the soil after crop harvest were not significantly affected due to phosphorus application. While reducing sugar content in the leaves, nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) uptake by tobacco seed crop, electrical conductivity and available phosphorus were significantly increased with increase in phosphorus levels from 0, 25 and 50 kg P2O5/ha. Transplanting of tobacco seed crop at 90 x 30 cm resulted in higher net profit to the tune of Rs. 1,65,404/ha than that obtained under rest of all the three spacing levels. Among the nitrogen levels, the treatment of 260 kg N/ha recorded the highest net profit (Rs. 1,47,507/ha). An application of 50 kg P2O5/ha recorded the highest net realization of Rs.1,46,500/ha.

52. RAM SINGH [A climatological study of agricultural droughts in arid zone of Haryana]Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 401-403 (2008). Department of Agricultural Meteorology CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004 (Haryana), India.

ABSTRACT

The present study is an attempt for the analysis of agricultural droughts with their frequency, intensity and probability of occurrence in arid zone of Haryana by choosing Hisar station (Latitude 29°10′ N and Longitude 75°46¢E) as a representative location. The weekly rainfall data of summer monsoon season (kharif season) for a period of 60 years (1945-2004) of Hisar station were used for the present analysis. The total numbers of agricultural drought resulted at Hisar were 17 and out of these, more than 40% resulted during last two consecutive decades. It was also noticed that there was no agricultural drought during one decade comprising years from 1955 to 1964. The intensity of drought occurrence was observed as extremely severe, severe, moderate and mild during one, three, eight and five drought years, respectively. The probability of occurrence of agricultural droughts at Hisar station is 28.2%.

53.VINOD KUKMAR UPADHYAY AND S. P. UPADHYAY [Onset of monsoon, dry spells and withdrawal of monsoon in eastern Uttar Pradesh]]Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 404-408 (2008). National Institute of Medical Statistics Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi -110 029, India.

ABSTRACT

South west monsoon in eastern districts of Uttar Pradesh commences from second week of June and continues upto end of September. Agricultural production process and productivity of crops in the 15 districts, comprising eastern Uttar Pradesh agricultural region, are affected by onset of monsoon, dry spells and withdrawal of monsoon. Based on the district level daily rainfall data, these features of rainfall have been examined in this paper.

54. S. SARKAR and M. P. TRIPATHI [Study on rainfall simulator with special reference to design and development]Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 409-413 (2008). Department of Soil & Water Engineering Faculty of Agricultural Engineering Indira Gandhi Agricultural University, Raipur-492 006 (Chhattisgarh), India.

ABSTRACT

A simple rainfall simulator was designed and developed using a commonly available rotary lawn sprinkler. Several hole spacing in the sprinkler arms and reduction in the size of the arms were tested to evaluate the average rainfall intensities and uniformity coefficients. The arrangement of holes and their placement was found considerable for the rainfall having the intensity in the range of 25 to 75 mm/h and the uniformity coefficient was calculated to be 85% and above. Rainfall simulator when operated at 1.25 m height was able to produce acceptable values of average rainfall intensities of 48.5 and 48.3 mm/h uniformly over the test plot (7.84 m2) at operating pressures of 0.50 and 0.60 kg/cm2, respectively. Similarly, at 1.50 m height it produced rainfall intensities of 43.1 and 36.8 mm/h, respectively, when operated at pressure head of 0.60 kg/cm2, respectively. The designed and developed rainfall simulator was found to be cheaper (Rs.1500.00), portable (15.6 kg), simple in construction and easy to operate for simulating the desired range of rainfall characteristics.

55.B. N. ANITHA, M. P. GOKULRAJ AND D. N. MANUNATHA [Performance and problems faced by agricultural input dealers and participatory appraisal on opinion of farmers about input dealers]Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 414-417 (2008). Directorate of Extension University of Agricultural Sciences, Hebbal, Bangalore-560 024 (Karnataka), India.

ABSTRACT

The study was conducted during 2005-06 in Eastern Dry Zone of Karnataka which covered three districts, namely, Kolar, Tumkur and Bangalore (urban and rural districts) of Karnataka. Being potentially agricultural production area, large number of input dealers were running their business. Eighty dealers were interviewed personally with the help of a pre-structured schedule. The results revealed that only 22.50% were dealing with specific inputs, 77.50% were dealing with combination of inputs and 11.00% accounted for the combined business of seeds and chemicals. Difficulty to make credit available, fluctuation in market prices and lack of market were major problems faced by the dealers.

56. STELLA O. ODEBODE [Promotion of sweet potato spari among rural women for food security and economic empowerment in south-west Nigeria]Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 418-422 (2008). Department of Agricultural Extension & Rural Development P. O. Box 9934, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

Food insecurity is a topical issue and has made people to migrate from rural to the urban centres. Women have become a dominant work force in the rural areas. One of the major crops processed by women especially in Nigeria is sweet potato. Sweet potato serves as food at home in food industry. This study examined the promotion of sweet potato spari for food security and economic empowerment in Nigeria. One hundred and twenty processors out of 560 were selected through simple random sampling from six out of nine states of south-western regions where sweet potato is grown. Structured questionnaires were used to elicit information from the respondents. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to describe and analyze the data collected. Processing equipment includes peeler, grater, press, sieve and dryer. Processing methods include peeling, grating, pressing, sieving, drying and packaging. Sensory evaluation and swelling capacity were same as recommended by codex standard. The sweet potato spari processed from sweet potato root was well acceptable to the consumer.’The study concludes that sweet potato spari needs to be promoted to empower rural women economically.

57. M. P. GOKULRAJ, K. JAGADEESHWARA AND V. MADHUPRASAD [Adoption pattern of fertilizers by paddy farmers of Mandya district of Karnataka state]. Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 423-425 (2008). Directorate of Extension University of Agricultural Sciences, Hebbal, Bangalore-560 024 (Karnataka), India.

ABSTRACT

The present study was conducted in Mandya district of Karnataka state during 2006-07 to know the adoption pattern of fertilizers by paddy farmers and to study the relationship and characteristics of farmers with adoption pattern. Two hundred paddy farmers were interviewed using a pre-tested schedule. The study revealed that a sizeable number of paddy farmers (46%) had applied less than the recommended dose of NPK fertilizers. The results also revealed that age, education, socio-economic status, knowledge, attitude, economic motivation, paddy farming experience, farming commitment, mass media use, extension participation, achievement orientation and farm scientist contact had significant to highly significant relationship with adoption level of fertilizers. Nearly 89% of the variation in the adoption of fertilizers could be explained by all the 17 characteristics of farmers included in the study.

58.CHANDRASHEKHAR, S.VASTER, G.R. MANURE, C. NARAYANAPPA AND M.T. LAKSHMINARAYAN[ [Impact of Upper Krishna Project, CADA on adoption and production of groundnut by the farmers].]Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 426-429 (2008). Directorate of Research University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore (Karnataka), India.

ABSTRACT

The study undertaken to ascertain the level of adoption of recommended groundnut cultivation practices by command area and non-command area farmers in Upper Krishna Project revealed that the overall adoption was significantly higher with command area farmers when compared to non-command area farmers. Regarding adoption levels of the individual recommended practices like seed and sowing, manures and fertilizers and plant protection measures of groundnut cultivation there was significant difference between command area and non-command area farmers of Upper Krishna Project. There was no significant difference in the adoption of interculture and weed control practices of groundnut cultivation between command and non-command area farmers. There was significant difference between command and non-command area farmers in respect of production (yield) levels of groundnut per acre.

59. V. L. MADHU PRASAD, M. T. LAKSHIMINARAYANA AND RAMAKRISHNA NAIKA [Entrepreneurial behaviour of commercial chawki rearing centre owners in Kolar district of Karnataka.]Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 430-433 (2008). UAS (B) Sericulture College, Chintamani, Chikkaballapur District (Karnataka), India.

ABSTRACT

The present study was conducted during 2007 to know the entrepreneurial behaviour of commercial chawki rearing centre owners in Kolar district. It was observed that the great majority of respondents (93.55%) had farming as main occupation followed by big size of holding (83.87%) and area under mulberry (83.87%). It is evident that majority of the respondents had high achievement motivation (45.16%), high risk taking ability (58.06%), high ability to co-ordinate chawki rearing activities (67.74%), high leadership ability (74.19%) and high overall entrepreneurial behaviour (54.84%). The study revealed that education, occupation, landholding, area under mulberry, extension contact, extension participation and social participation were positively and significantly related with entrepreneurial behaviour. Therefore, it calls for intensification of educational efforts and policy support to successful commercial chawki rearing centre owners. These efforts certainly fulfil the dreams of entrepreneurs to build the prosperous nation.

60. G. TAMILSELVI AND J. VASANTHAKUMAR [Constraints perceived by women entrepreneurs in agriculture based enterprises]Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 434-438 (2008). Department of Agricultural Extension Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608 002 (Tamil Nadu), India.

ABSTRACT

The study was conducted in Theni district of Tamil Nadu with 100 women entrepreneurs managing agriculture based enterprise viz., vegetable processing, coir product making and mushroom cultivation. The important constraints perceived by women entrepreneurs in mushroom cultivation were lack of regular market, losses due to perishability, lack of storage facilities, lack of knowledge on value addition, difficult procedure of spawn production and lack of awareness about nutritional value of mushroom. In vegetable processing, the constraints viz., lack of single window service, lack of knowledge on modern technology, high competition, high cost of inputs, difficulty in preservation, tedious produce for getting credit, delayed payment from buyers and lack of storage facilities were perceived by the respondents. The constrains faced by the women entrepreneurs in coir product making were lack of skilled workers, high competition, high cost and poor quality of raw material, excessive stress and challenge, limited chances of direct marketing and inadequate knowledge on value addition.

61. NARESH SANGWAN, AMARJEET SINGH,RAJESH KUMAR, B.P.RANA AND S. B. PHOGAT [Study of adoption gap and productivity gain through frontline demonstrations in raya (Brassica juncea L.) at farmers’ field]Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 439-442 (2008). CCSHAU Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Rohtak-124 001 (Haryana), India.

ABSTRACT

Frontline demonstrations on raya (Brassica juncea L.) were conducted at farmers’ field from 2003-04 to 2006-07 in Rohtak district of Haryana. The demonstration (improved practice) was compared with farmers’ practice. The yields in demonstrations were higher as compared to local practice by 25.93 and 28.0% in rainfed and irrigated conditions, respectively. The higher yields were obtained with additional expenditure of Rs. 972/ha, which clearly indicated the gap in adoption of technology. Inadequate or no fertilizer application (nitrogen and phosphorus) and use of quality seed were identified as major constraints in yield maximization at farmers’ field. The additional returns, effective gain and incremental benefit : cost ratio were recorded higher in demonstration over local practice and it was Rs.5731/ha, Rs. 4758/ha and 1 : 6.1 in rainfed and Rs. 7307/ha, Rs. 6402 and 1 : 8.05 under irrigated conditions, respectively. The technology gap was found to be 844 kg/ha in case of rainfed and 553 kg/ha in irrigated conditions. The technology index was 33.9% in rainfed and 22.9% in irrigated conditions which revealed that there was big loss of potential productivity.

62.G. N. SHIRPURKAR, P. N. RASAL, P. D SONAWANE AND M. P. WAGH [Performance of improved wheat varieties under frontline demonstrations]Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 443-444 (2008). Agricultural Research Station, Niphad, District Nashik (Maharashtra), India.

ABSTRACT

The study was conducted in Sangli, Satara, Kolhapur, Jalgaon, Nashik and Ahmednagar districts of Maharashtra (M. P. K. V. jurisdiction) to find out the performance of improved wheat varieties sown with improved technology and local wheat varieties sown with traditional practices. Five improved wheat varieties were tried under different components at different locations during rabi seasons for wheat grain yield. All the five wheat varieties viz., NIAW-301 (Trimbak), NIAW-34, MACS-3125, NIDW-295 (Godavari) and NIAW-917 (Tapovan) performed excellently well giving higher yields over the local ones at all locations during rabi seasons.

63. OLUSEGUN SAMUEL BALOGUN AND IDRIS OYEKANMI BALOGUN [Influence of NPK fertilizer on the growth response of Solanum macrocarpon L. to cucumber mosaic virus]Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 445-449 (2008). Department of Crop Protection Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ilorin, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

Experiments were conducted using potted plants to study the pathogenic response of fertilizer treated and untreated Solanum macrocarpon L. (Gboma egg plant, African eggplant) to cucumber mosaic virus (CMV, Genus–Cucumovirus, Family–Bromoviridae). Infected plants manifested symptoms, which included well pronounced dark and pale green mosaic pattern, stunting as well as deformed and underdeveloped leaves showing that S. macrocarpon was susceptible to CMV. Plants that received NPK fertilizer treatment two weeks after inoculation had significantly improved growth and yield attributes than those without fertilizer treatment. Analysis at seven weeks after infection showed a yield loss, based on fresh shoot weight of 85% in plants without fertilizer and only 30% in infected plants with fertilizer treatment. The results indicate that appropriate fertilizer application could ameliorate the effect of CMV infection in S. macrocarpon.

64.M. Y. KENGANAL, R. R. HANCHINAL AND H. L. NADAF [In vitro screening of wheat genotypes against Helminthosporium sativum]Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 450-455 (2008). Department of Plant Pathology University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad-580 005 (Karnataka), India.

ABSTRACT

Screening of crop varieties against biotic and abiotic stress is an integral part of breeding programme. Creation of stress condition for breeding during the off season is most crucial for accurate judgement about the resistant characters. In the present investigation, an attempt was made to screen wheat varieties against Helminthosporium sativum occurring on wheat. The pathogen was isolated from infected leaf sample and pure toxin was isolated from crude toxin using organic solvents. The toxin was found responsible for incitation of the disease forming necrosis on healthy tissue when applied externally. Four methods viz., seedling inoculation method, leaf dip blotter paper inoculation method, live leaf dip method and callus induction method were employed for in vitro screening. Out of 15 wheat varieties screened, NIDW-295 and MACS-2496 were found immune; DDK-1013, DWR-185, DWR-225, RAJ-4037 and MACS-2846 were highly resistant; GW-344 and DWR-195 were resistant; GW-322, DDK-1001and DWR-162 were moderately resistant, DWR-2006 and DWR-1006 were susceptible and DDK-1009 was highly susceptible. The methods differed in one or two varietal scorings slightly but the overall results of all the four methods were conclusive with the above results and helped in choosing the varieties in any kind of breeding programmes and screening of varieties against their respective diseases. Large number of entries especially in the initial trials can be handled easily in short span of time using above in vitro techniques.

65. J. J. JANI, H. H. PATEL, D. J. PATEL, P. R. VAISNAV AND V. B. DARJI [Isolation of native Bacillus thuringiensis from the agricultural soil of Kheda district of Gujarat state]Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 456-463 (2008) (2008). Biological Control Research Laboratory Anand Agricultural University, Anand -388 001 (Gujarat), India *(e-mail : janchait01@yahoo.com).

ABSTRACT

Three hundred and ninety-three soil samples were screened to detect the presence of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) from agricultural soil (without previous record of the use of Bt in any form) of Kheda district of Gujarat state in India. Thirty-eight Bt like isolates obtained were cultured in the laboratory. Presence and morphology of crystals in the isolates were confirmed using 100X phase contrast microscopy. Spore crystal mixtures of the isolates tested for bioefficacy using Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) as a test insect and LD50 was calculated. Isolate JDH 22, with lowest LD50, was subjected to various biochemical tests, growth curve, 16S rRNA analysis of first 500 base pairs and Fatty Acid Methyl Ester Analysis (FAME). It was evident from the preliminary studies that the soil was rich in Bt and a systematic survey is warranted in turn to obtain promising isolates which can be exploited further.

66. INDIRA BHOJNE, N. R. SUPARE AND N. G. V. RAO [Toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki alone and plant compounds against Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner)]Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 464-465 (2008). Department of Entomology Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola -444 104 (Maharashtra), India.

ABSTRACT

Bt (HD-1)+sesamum oil (0.0055+100 µl) proved to be considerably effective combination showing 86.66% larval mortality as against 79.38% in case of Bt (HD-1) alone at 0.00963 concentration. The combinations of Bt (HD-1)+coumarin at both the concentrations (0.0055 + 2 mg and 0.0055 + 8 mg) were found to be moderately effective as compared to other plant compounds, showing 70.0% mortality. Similarly, moderate type of mortality occurred (53.30%) in case of Bt (HD-1)+karanj oil (0.0055+100 µl). Whereas combination treatment of Bt (HD-1) with gossypol (0.005 + 0.1 mg) was less effective showing 50% larval mortality of H. armigera. While Bt (HD-1)+cinnamic acid (0.0055+0.5 mg) was found to be the least effective treatment showing 30% larval mortality of this pest. Thus, the efficacy of Bt (HD-1) in combination with various products was found to be in the following order : Sesamum oil > Coumarin  > Karanj oil > Gossypol > Cinnamic acid.

67. F. O. OJIAKO* AND A. A. ADESIYUN[Comparison of Moringa oleifera Lam seed powder and actellic dust (2%) in the control of Callosobruchus maculatus F. (Coleoptera : Bruchidae) on stored cowpea and their effects on nutritional and organoleptic characteristics]Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 466-475 (2008). Department of Crop Protection University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria *(e-mail : frankojiako@yahoo.com).

ABSTRACT

Horse-radish (Moringa oleifera Lam) seed powders were evaluated in the laboratory relative to a conventional storage chemical, actellic 2% dust (Pirimiphos-methyl) as protectants of stored cowpea against the cowpea bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus F. M. oleifera was tested at four rates (2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 g/100 g seed including a control, i. e. 0.0 g). Actellic dust was applied at the rate of 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 g/100 g seed and 0.0 g/100 g seed as control. Data were collected over a seven month period on percentage mortality, oviposition, adult emergence and seed damage. The seed damage data were used to estimate the weevil perforation index (WPI). All data were analyzed for variance at P£0.05. M. oleifera performed comparatively well with actellic dust and the efficacy was dose- related. Actellic dust at the lowest rate inflicted adult mortality of 90-100% in the first 48 h after treatment and prevented oviposition by between 95-100% over the first five months of storage compared to the control. M. oleifera at the highest rate of 10.0 g per 100 g seed caused mortality upto 63.3% in 48 h and also reduced oviposition by between 50-80.0%, while adult emergence and seed damage were reduced between 35.4 and 90.3% with a WPI of between 3.3 and 40.0%. Proximate analysis and germination test experiments showed that the plant product and actellic dust increased the moisture and crude fibre content, decreased the crude protein content but had no significant effect on the viability of the stored cowpea seeds. Organoleptic tests showed that the treatment materials had no significant negative effect on taste, odour, texture, appearance and overall acceptability of cooked cowpea seeds after six months of storage. The results generally indicated that the powdered form of M. oleifera seed at the highest rates (i. e. 5.0 and 10.0 g/100 g seed) gave significant protection of cowpea seeds against the cowpea bruchid comparable to actellic dust when applied prophylactically.

68. N. A. BHATT, A. R. PATEL AND J. J. JANI [io-efficacy of Spodoptera litura nuclear polyhedrosis virus against leaf eating caterpillar in bidi tobacco nursery]Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 476-477 (2008). AICRP on Biological Control of Crop Pests and Weeds Anand Agricultural University, Anand-388 001 (Gujarat), India.

ABSTRACT

Bio-efficacy of nuclear polyhedrosis virus of Spodoptera litura was evaluated against Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) infesting tobacco nursery at Bidi Tobacco Research Station Farm, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, during 2005 and 2006. Pooled results revealed that the concentrations viz., 750, 1000 and 1500 ml/ ha of SlNPV (1 x 109 POB/ml) were most effective in reducing S. litura damage and resulted in significantly higher number of healthy transplantable seedlings. No adverse effect of SlNPV was observed on tobacco seedlings.

69. U. S. YADAV, S. S. PRASAD AND N. PARKASH [Evaluation of advanced capsularis jute cultivars against insects and mite pests in eastern U. P.]Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 78-480 (2008). Crop Research Station, Bahraich-271 801 (U. P.), India.

ABSTRACT

A total of six advanced capsularis jute cultivars alongwith JRC-212 and JRC-321 as standard national varieties have been evaluated against stem weevil, semilooper and yellow mite during kharif seasons of 1999-2000 and 2000-01 to screen resistant/multiple resistant cultivars under field conditions. The results revealed that the advanced capsularis jute cultivars CC-4 and CC-18 were found the most promising against stem weevil, semilooper and yellow mite with average infestation of 5.77, 8.70 and 9.34% and 8.17, 10.00 and 9.96%, respectively, and may be considered as multiple resistant and significantly superior to standard national varieties JRC-212 and JRC-321 with average infestation of 12.19, 16.10 and 15.20 and 29.48, 20.70 and 15.59%, respectively.

70. G. KUMAR* AND SAROJ PANDEY [Genotoxic potentiality of three pesticides in Linum usitatissimum L.]Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 481-484 (2008). Plant Genetics Laboratory, Department of Botany University of Allahabad, Allahabad -211 002 ( U. P.), India

ABSTRACT

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the influence of pesticides on Linum usitatissimum L. After 17 days of germination, the plants were treated with 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.0% concentration of thiram, benzimidazole and monocrotophos at regular interval of seven days before onset of flowering. benzimidazole and thiram proved to be more genotoxic than monocrotophos. The current evaluation is centered on identifying pesticide active ingredients used as mutagens under the category of dangerous substances. Micronuclei or clastogenic abnormalities are potentially the outcome of damage by spindle-inhibitors, such as benzimidazoles. Furthermore, benzimidazoles do not appear to form DNA-adduct. It is regrettable that no clear conclusions can be reached regarding the available biomonitoring studies of genotoxicity following occupational exposure to pesticides. The highest percentage of cytological abnormalities was observed by the treatment of thiram followed by benzimidazoles and monocrotophos.

71. ANIL GUPTA, BAL MUKAND, NARESH MEHTA AND S. K. GANDHI [Efficacy of bio-agents and plant extracts against Colletotrichum lagenarium causing anthracnose of bottle gourd]Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 485-489 (2008)(2008). Department of Plant Pathology CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004 (Haryana), India.

ABSTRACT

Anthracnose of bottle gourd incited by Colletotrichum lagenarium (Pass.) Ellis and Halsted. is economically important disease resulting in severe yield losses and reduction in the quality of the fruits. The efficacy of three bio-agents viz., Trichoderma viride, T. harzianum and Gliocladium virens compared with the recommended fungicide mancozeb for the management of disease revealed that T. viride gave maximum mycelial growth inhibition (59.08%) as compared to control. Similarly, four aqueous plant extracts i. e. Neem leaf (Azadirachta indica), Aonla leaf (Phyllanthus emblica), Bougainvillea flower (Bougainvillea spp.) and Marigold leaf (Tagetes erectus) evaluated by spore germination inhibition test inferred that neem leaf extract gave maximum spore (58.43%) and mycelial growth inhibition (79.43%), respectively, which was better than fungicide mancozeb (0.1%). The extracts observed better in inhibiting spore germination/mycelial growth in vitro conditions were also tested under field conditions and revealed that neem leaf extract at 50% concentration gave significantly higher disease control (79.29%) as compared to untreated control and was at par with fungicide mancozeb (0.1%).

72. R. C. NIGAM, RAVI, R. K. PANDEY AND D. D. TIWARI [Status of chlorinated pesticide and synthetic pyrethroid residues in Ganga water]Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 490-493 (2008)). Pesticide Residues Laboratory Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry C. S. Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur-208 002 (U.P.), India.

ABSTRACT

Twenty-eight Ganga water samples belonging to chlorinated and synthetic pyrethroids were collected from eight districts of Uttar Pradesh and Uttaranchal and analysed to see the persistence of above pesticide residues during 2003-04. Results showed that Ganga water samples were contaminated with 91 and 67% HCH and DDT insecticides, respectively. Residues of endosulfan and chlorpyriphos were recorded in 64 and 51% samples. Residues of synthetic pyrethroid i. e. deltamethrin, cypermethrin and permethrin were found in 21, 30 and 18% of the Ganga water samples, respectively. Ganga water at Kanpur, Allahabad and Varanasi districts showed higher concentrations of HCH, endosulfan and DDT insecticides than those of Hardwar and Bijnor and latter might be considered safe for drinking and other purposes.

73. C. F. MAKWANA AND D. A. TANK [Effect of method of sowing and seed rate on yield and quality of irrigated durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) variety GW-1139]Res. on Crops 9 (2) :494-496 (2008). DDepartment of Agronomy Anand Agricultural University, Anand-388 001 (Gujarat), India.

ABSTRACT

With a view to study the effect of method of sowing and seed rate on yield and quality of irrigated durum wheat (T. durum Desf.) variety GW-1139, a field experiment was conducted at College Agronomy Farm on loamy sand soils having low in available nitrogen, high in available phosphorus and potassium with pH of 7.8. The results revealed that criss cross sowing at 22.5 cm produced significantly higher grain and straw yield than line sowing at 30.0 cm but it was at par with line sowing at 22.5 cm. While 210 kg/ha of seed rate produced significantly higher grain and straw yield than 170 kg/ha but it was at par with 190 kg/ha. Thus, potential yield and profit were secured by criss cross sowing of wheat at 22.5 cm with 190 kg/ha of seed rate.

74. A. R. PANCHAL, D. A. TANK AND P. R. VAISHNAV [Response of irrigated durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) variety GW-1139 on yield and quality to nitrogen level and its time of application]Res. on Crops 9 (2) :497-499 (2008). Department of Agronomy Anand Agricultural University, Anand-388 001 (Gujarat), India.

ABSTRACT

With a view to study the effect of nitrogen levels and its time of application on yield and quality of irrigated durum wheat (T. durum Desf.), variety GW-1139, a field experiment was conducted at College Agronomy Farm on loamy sand soils. The results revealed that crop fertilized with 160 kg N/ha yielded significantly higher grain yield than 120 kg N/ha, but it was at par with 140 kg N/ha. While significantly the highest grain yield was obtained under application of nitrogen in two equal splits at basal and first node development stage, which evidently had resulted from higher number of spikelets/spike, number of grains/spike and 1000-grain weight (g). Thus, potential yield and profit secured by application of 140 kg N/ha applied equal quantity at basal and first node development stage of the crop.

75. R. G. UPADHYAY, BRHAN, KHIAR SALEH AND R. K. UPADHYAY [Response of cadmium on germination, seedling growth behaviour and chlorophyll content of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)]Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 500-501 (2008). Department of Horticulture Hamelmalo Agriculture College, Keren , P. O. Box No. 838, Eritrea, N. E. Africa.

ABSTRACT

Cadmium, being a micro nutrient, showed inhibition effect on germination percentage, growth pattern and biochemical constituents of plants. The laboratory experiment was conducted to see the effect of cadmium on germination, growth and chlorophyll content in seedling of wheat (Triticum aestivum L). It was observed that application of cadmium reduced seed germination percentage, root length, shoot length, number of roots and chlorophyll a and b at seedling stage of wheat.

76. SARITA RANI, HARBIR SINGH AND R. S. HOODA [Influence of genotypes and management levels on productivity and economics of pearl millet cultivation]Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 502-503 (2008). Department of Agronomy CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004 (Haryana), India.

ABSTRACT

Pearl millet composite HC-20 recorded comparatively higher gross (Rs. 38445/ ha) and net (Rs. 24112/ha) returns from pearl millet cultivation over hybrids HHB-67 Improved, HHB-94 and composite HG-10. In general, increasing levels of crop management proved economically superior and markedly improved the gross returns. However, such improvement in net returns showed a decline due to increase in management level from optimum to higher one.

77. J. DASH, B. S. NAIK AND U. B. MOHAPATRA[Screening of linseed genotypes under late sown conditions]Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 504-505 (2008). OUAT Regional Research and Technology Transfer Substation Jashipur, Mayurbhanj-757 091 (Orissa), India.

ABSTRACT

Two hundred ninety-one genotypes of linseed including local land races of Orissa, cross-derivatives and selections from different sources within and outside Orissa were screened for eight biometrical characters and reaction to Alternaria blight and powdery mildew. The variability ranged from 7.0 to 79.2 %. Promising genotypes were selected for all the characters except reaction to powdery mildew.

78. SNEHA MACWANA, J. S. PATEL AND D. J. PARMAR [A note on genetic variability in forage maize (Zea mays L.)]Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 504-505 (2008)). Department of Agricultural Statistics Anand Agricultural University, Anand-388 001 (Gujarat), India.

ABSTRACT

The results of present study indcated significant genetic variability among the genotypes for all the characters under study. Variability as measured by range coefficient of variation was higher in green forage yield and dry matter yield, while based on genotypic coefficient of variation it was higher in leaf : stem ratio followed by green and dry fodder yield. On the basis of heritability and genetic advance, leaf : stem ratio followed by dry matter yield per plant, days to 50% tasseling , green forage yield and days to 50% silking were found important biometrical characters for yield improvement.

79. . A. PARRAY, ASIF B. SHIKARI, AMJAD HUSSAINI, SHAFIQ A. WANI, A. G. RATHER AND M. A. TALLI [Kohsar : a new high yielding japonica rice variety released for high altitude irrigated areas of Jammu and Kashmir]Res. on Crops 9 (2) : 508-510 (2008).). KUAS & T Rice Research and Regional Station, Khudwani, J & K-192 102, India *(e-mail : asifshikari@gmail.com).

ABSTRACT

Modern high yielding indica rice varieties either don’t mature at very high altitudes (>2000 m amsl) of Kashmir or tend to be late. Therefore, efforts are on for breeding of early maturing japonica rice varieties. One such variety named Kohsar was released that increased the productivity by more than 25%. Kohsar, a high yielding blast resistant variety, has given much impetus to rice production and has revived the rice culture in the area.