Volume 59, Number 3 & 4 (May & July 2024)
1. M. DHAYANETHI*, S. RAMESH1, K. ARIVUKKARASU, P. SUDHAKAR AND G. BARADHAN [Effect of gibberellic acid and plant nutrition on the growth and yield of transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Cauvery Delta Zone]. Crop Res. 59 (3&4): 87-94 (2024). Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar-608002, Tamil Nadu, India *(e-mail: dhayanethim@gmail.com)
ABSTRACT
The present rate of rice production growth is far below the population growth rate. Therefore, the present deceleration trend in production and yield is a cause of concern and has to be reversed to meet the growing demand. Moreover, the profit margin in rice cultivation has eroded making rice cultivation unattractive. Therefore, new technologies are essential to increasing rice production in the country to meet the future demand of exploding population. Hence, there is an urgent need for enhancement of the productivity of rice by proper agronomic practices. One among them is foliar application of PGRs and NPK fertilizers for exploiting genetic potential of the rice crop. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted during 2022 at the Agronomy Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu, India to study the effect of plant growth regulators and nutrients on growth and yield of transplanted rice under wetland ecosystem. The rice variety ADT – 43 was used as test variety. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design and replicated thrice with ten treatments includes foliar spray of plant growth regulators (Gibberellic acid, Triacontanol, Sodium para- nitrophenolate) (20 DAT) alone and in combination with macro nutrients like DAP, KCl and NPK (19:19:19) (40 & 50 DAT). The growth, yield parameters, grain and straw yield of rice viz., plant height (101.43 cm), number of tillers/hill (11.85), dry matter production (14847.67 kg/ha), number of panicles/m2 (372.30 m-2) number of filled grains/panicle (125.41), grain yield (6485.25 kg/ha) and straw yield (8890.34 kg/ha) were strikingly impressive by foliar application of gibberellic acid 40 % WSG @ 20 g/ha (20 DAT) along with 2 % DAP + 1 % KCl (40 and 50 DAT). The same trend was followed in harvest index (42.18 %). These combinations showed remarkable promise and seemed to hold greater potential as efficient systems.
2. K. S. DHILIPAN*, G. BARADHAN, S. M. SURESH KUMAR, G. SATHIYANARAYANAN AND S. RAMESH [Impact of integrated nutrient management and foliar zinc supplementation on rice (Oryza sativa L.) nutrient uptake and yield in the Cauvery Delta Zone]. Crop Res. 59 (3&4): 95-102 (2024). Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University Annamalai Nagar-608002, Chidambaram (Tamil Nadu), India *(e-mail: k.s.dhilipan001@gmail.com)
ABSTRACT
In 2023, rice production reached 523.9 million tons, making it the fourth most produced crop globally. Accounting for 14% of global fertilizer use, the demand for rice continues to increase. However, the unbalanced application of NPK fertilizers poses significant environmental risks. An integrated nutrient management approach, combining organic and inorganic sources, offers a cost-effective solution to meet crop nutritional needs while enhancing soil health. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted in Experimental Farm of Annamalai University during kuruvai (June-September) 2023 to evaluate the effect of different levels of inorganic fertilizers with different sources of organic manures along with foliar zinc sulphate on the yield and yield components in lowland rice. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with nine treatments. These treatments included different sources of organic manures viz., farm yard manure, vermicompost, press mud and poultry manure and foliar application of zinc sulphate. The results revealed that combining 75% nitrogen through urea and 25% nitrogen from vermicompost and 100 % P and K along with foliar application of zinc sulphate (0.5%) at 25 and 50 days after transplanting (DAT) significantly improved all nutrient uptake of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium and also yield parameters viz., number of productive tillers m-2, number of filled grains/panicle, grain yield, straw yield and harvest index of rice.
3. Linton Hazarika, Nihar Ranjan Bora, Kharsing Ramdey, Prachurjya Baruah, Suntoo Das, Bijumoni Borah and Kishor Kr. Shah* [Comprehensive study on physico-chemical soil analysis for optimizing paddy (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation in Kamrup (Metro) district of Assam, India]. Crop Res. 59 (3&4): 103-108 (2024). Department of Chemistry Jagiroad College, Morigaon-782410 (Assam), India *(e-mail: kishoreshah14@gmail.com)
ABSTRACT
Rice being the staple food in Assam, its productivity should be increased for the availability of the common people. The main objective of this study is to compare the qualities of soil samples and to correlate the results with the production (per year) of paddy (Oryza sativa) from 3 different studied areas. The soil samples were collected during March-May, 2023. The oven dry method and drying and weighing method are used to determine bulk and particle densities respectively. The electrical conductivity and pH of the soil samples are determined using a benchtop conductivity meter and pH meter. Walkley-Black chromic acid wet oxidation method and methylene blue method are used to determine the organic carbon and cation exchange capacity (CEC) of soil samples respectively. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium of the soil samples are estimated using the instrument Mridaparikshak. The moisture content, bulk density, particle density, soil porosity, cation exchange capacity (CEC), pH, electrical conductivity, nitrogen, P2O5, and K2O are observed in the range of 24.69 % to 39.42 %, 1.12 g cm-3 to 1.25 gcm-3, 1.83 gcm-3 to 1.99 g/cm-3, 33 to 43, 2.8 × 10-5mol dm-3to 11.7×10-5 mol dm-3, 7.4 to 8, 0.23 dS/m to 0.40 dS/m, 0.645% to 1.49%, 213.20 kg/ha – 235.14 kg/ha, 17.92 kg/ha – 20.44 kg/ha and 148.92 kg/ha -164.45 kg/ha respectively. The soil characterized by moisture content =27.52 %, bulk density=1.25 gcm-3, particle density =1.86 g cm-3, porosity =33%, cation exchange capacity =11.7 x 10-5 mol dm-3, pH {(1:5) at 210C} = 7.9, electrical conductivity = 0.40 dS/m, organic carbon =0.825 %, organic matter =1.42 %, N =235.14 kg/ha, P2O5 = 20.44 kg/ha and K2O =164.45 kg/ha showed good yield.
4. K. S. DHILIPAN*, G. BARADHAN, S. M. SURESH KUMAR, G. SATHIYANARAYANAN AND S. RAMESH [Evaluating the synergistic effects of integrated nutrient management and foliar application of zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) on growth and growth attributes of rice (Oryza sativa L.)]. Crop Res. 59 (3&4): 109-115 (2024). Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar-608002 (Tamil Nadu), India *(e-mail: k.s.dhilipan001@gmail.com)
ABSTRACT
In India, rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a major cereal crop that accounts for 44.40 million hectares i.e. 30 per cent of the nation’s total cultivated land. Nutrient management is one of the most important production restrictions for achieving a sustainable yield from a particular farming method. Ineffective nutrient management is a major problem in rice cultivation. Due to overuse of fertilizer there is loss of soil productivity and reduction in soil fertility. So, this research was conducted with a view of careful and effective use of chemical fertilizers, farm yard manure, vermicompost, press mud and poultry manure along with the foliar application of zinc sulphate, an integrated nutrient management system plays a critical role in balancing the soil fertility and plant nutrient supply to an optimal level. This approach results in an environmentally friendly and financially feasible solution for this issue and not only helps in supplementing requirements but also improves soil’s physical, chemical, and biological properties. A field experiment was conducted in the Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu during June-September 2023 to assess the synergistic effects of integrated nutrient management along with foliar zinc sulphate on the growth of rice. The study evaluated nine treatments in a randomized block design. These treatments included varying levels of nitrogen supplemented with different sources of organic manures viz., farm yard manure, vermicompost, press mud and poultry manure and foliar application of zinc sulphate (ZnSO4). The results revealed that combining 75% nitrogen through urea and 25% nitrogen from vermicompost and 100% P and K along with foliar application of zinc sulphate (0.5%) at 25 and 50 days after transplanting (DAT) significantly improved all growth parameters viz., plant height, leaf area index, dry matter production, root length and root volume, number of tillers m-2, crop growth rate, and absolute growth rate of rice.
5. Sushila Sangwan*, Suraj Kala, Satish Kumar, Sarita and Rajesh Dhankhar [Assessment of nitrate reductase activity and nitrogen content in foliar tissues of wheat variety PBW-343 under oil refinery effluent irrigation]. Crop Res. 59 (3&4): 116-121 (2024). Department of Botany, Government College, Hisar-125 001 (Haryana), India *(e-mail: drsushil2008@gmail.com)
ABSTRACT
A rapid expansion in fresh water requirement for crops which require plenty amount of water along with industrial and household demand, is becoming a key concern. To overcome this constraint, work has been done on recycling and utilization of certain industrial effluent for agricultural use. In this sequence a study was conducted to analyse the effects of oil refinery on nitrate reductase activity and nitrogen contents in foliar parts of wheat variety PBW-343 about irrigation with refinery effluent at various dilutions. For this study, pot culture experiments of wheat crop variety PBW-343 were conducted in three replicates of every treatment. To analyse the response of nitrate reductase activity and nitrogen contents in wheat, five treatments with different concentrations of refinery effluent i.e., control, 25, 50, 75 and 100% were made with control water. It was observed that during the vegetative and post-vegetative growth phases, there was an increase in nitrate reductase activity and nitrogen contents in the foliar parts of the crop with an increase in concentration of effluent in irrigating water. The irrigating water with undiluted effluent had the least favourable impacts on nitrate reductase activity and nitrogen contents compared to the control water. The plants grown under seventy-five percent concentrated effluent had the most favourable impact on nitrate reductase activity and nitrogen contents in the foliar parts of this crop variety in all growth phases.
6. G. BHOOPESH*, G. BARADHAN1, S. M. SURESH KUMAR, C. KATHIRVELU AND S. RAMESH [Synergistic impact of nano-urea and microbial inoculants with varied nitrogen regimes on the yield and yield attributes of hybrid maize (Zea mays L.)]. Crop Res. 59 (3&4): 122-128 (2024). Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar-608002 (Tamil Nadu), India *(e-mail: gkbhoopesh@gmail.com)
ABSTRACT
Maize, a crucial cereal crop in India, faces challenges like limited land and climate change. Fertilizers like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are essential for crop yields, but excessive use can cause eutrophication and nitrate pollution. Researchers are exploring slow-release fertilizers and nanotechnology-based solutions to improve nitrogen uptake efficiency. Slow-release fertilizers maintain nitrogen availability and control nitrification processes, while nanotechnology-based fertilizers release nitrogen only when needed, reducing emissions and leaching. Microorganisms like azophos can fix nitrogen, facilitate phosphorus uptake, and produce growth-promoting chemicals. The use of nano urea and beneficial microorganisms like azophos can boost maize production and yield. To investigate further, a field experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm, Department of Agronomy, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Cuddalore district of Tamil Nadu from July to October 2022 with a key objective of evaluating the partial supplement of different levels of nitrogen fertilizer in the form of conventional urea and nano urea along with the microbial inoculant azophos in hybrid maize (Zea mays L.). The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with ten treatments comprised of different levels of urea and nano urea along with azophos @ 4kg/ha with three replications. Among the nutrient management evaluated, all the yield attributes and yield of hybrid maize viz., cob length, cob diameter, number of grains/cob, test weight, grain yield, stover yield, and harvest index were significantly influenced by theapplication of 50 percent RDN through urea + 50 per cent RDN through nano urea + 100 percent RD of P and K through conventional fertilizers + azophos @ 4 kg/ha (T8). Combining bulk urea and nano urea improved nitrogen use efficiency via metabolite production, enzyme activity stimulation, and microbial rhizosphere interactions significantly enhancing the yield attributes and yield.
7. G. GOWRISANKER, S. PADMAVATHI AND S. ARUNKUMAR* [Influence of seaweed extract on seed quality traits under in-vitro conditions in green gram (Vigna radiata L.) cv. VBN 2]. Crop Res. 59 (3&4): 129-132 (2024). Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar-608002 (Tamil Nadu), India *(e-mail: arunkumaragri97@gmail.com)
ABSTRACT
Green gram (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek), commonly referred to as mung bean or Vigna radiata, is an important pulse crop. The main causes of low pulse productivity were identified as the use of inferior seed, inappropriate crop management, and cultivation in marginal soils. It could be improved by creating low-cost seed production technology that is appropriate. It has been shown that seaweed extracts can improve crop development and increase nutrient uptake in both difficult and typical environmental situations. By reducing the frequency of fungal and insect attack, the use of seaweed extracts has led to encouraging gains in crop output, nutrient uptake, resilience to frost and stress, and seed germination. By keeping the aforesaid point of view, a study was conducted to know the effectiveness of seaweed extract on seed quality traits under invitro condition of Vigna radiata. The laboratory experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of seaweed extracts viz., Kappaphycus alvarezii and Gracilaria on the germination, growth and seed quality traits of green gram variety cv. VBN 2. The experiment was carried out in Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Annamalai University during the year 2022. The first step involved steeping the seeds in double-distilled water for six hours. Following their initial pre-soaking, the seeds were left to air dry at room temperature. Then, submerged the pre-soaked seeds in varying quantities of seaweed extract. Concentrations of 1.5%, 2.5%, 3%, 1% and 2% were utilized for Kappaphycus alvarezii and 2.5%, 5% and 10% were used for Gracilaria. For six hours, the various amounts of seaweed extract were soaked into the seeds. Paper towels were used to sow the treated seeds in order to collect data and observe the seedlings further. The results revealed that seeds soaked with Kappaphycus alvarezii at a concentration of 2.5% exhibited highest value for various seed quality parameters viz., germination percentage (81), root length (16.57), shoot length (19.64), fresh weight (38.58), dry weight (34.76), dry matter production (197.53), seedling vigour index (3452) and tetrazolium Test (80), compared to other treatments. Seeds soaked with Gracilaria didn’t show any variation among the different concentration treatments of Gracilaria, while minimum viability percentage was observed in control.
8. R. K. SHEELA JESVANTHINI, G. BARADHAN*, S. M. SURESH KUMAR, G. SATHYANARAYANAN AND R.REX IMMANUEL [Efficacy of combined seed dressing and foliar application of seaweed extract on yield and yield parameters of black gram (Vigna mungo L.)]. Crop Res. 59 (3&4): 133-137 (2024). Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar-608002, Tamil Nadu, India *(e-mail: g.baradhan@gmail.com)
ABSTRACT
Black gram is a vital legume crop, but its yield is often limited by factors like nutrient deficiencies, pest and disease pressure, and abiotic stresses. Seaweed extracts may help mitigate these challenges by improving plant resilience and stress tolerance. The black gram was raised in Annamalai University Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu during February to April, 2021. The experiment consisted of seven treatments viz., 100 % RDF along with seed treatment and foliar application of seaweed extract (Sargassum sp. and Kappaphycus sp.) @ 5%, 10%, and 15% which was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. Seed treatment and foliar application @ 5% seaweed extract (Sargassum sp.) + RDF excelled the other treatment in recording the higher yield, yield attributes viz., number of pods/plant, number of seeds/pod, test weight, seed yield and haulm yield. This research can contribute to developing eco-friendly and cost-effective alternatives to conventional agricultural practices, aligning with sustainable agriculture goals.
9. BALAGANGATHAR K., C. KALAIYARASAN*, S. KANDASAMY, S. MADHAVAN AND S. JAWAHAR [Impact of nitrogen and sulphur application on the growth and yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogeae L.)]. Crop Res. 59 (3&4): 138-142 (2024). Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar-608 002 (Tamil Nadu), India *(e-mail: kalai77.agri@gmail.com)
ABSTRACT
The domestic demand for vegetable oils and fats has been rising rapidly, @ 6 per cent per annum, but our domestic output has been increasing at just about 2 per cent per annum. In India, the average yield of most oilseeds is extremely low as compared to other countries of the world. Therefore, field experiments were conducted at an experimental farm, Annamalai University during the Kharif season in 2022 and 2023 to study the effect of nitrogen and sulphur on the growth and yield of groundnut. The experiment consisted of sixteen treatments and was laid out in a factorial randomized block design with three replications. The treatment consisted of Factor A (nitrogen levels): 0, 17, 25, 34 Kg N/ha and Factor B (sulphur levels): 0, 20, 40, 60 Kg S/ha. Among the different nitrogen levels tried, application of 34 kg N/ha registered higher growth and yield attributes and yield of groundnut. Regarding sulphur levels, maximum growth, yield attributes and yield of groundnut were influenced by the application of sulphur @ 60 kg/ha (S4). With respect to various interaction effects, the application of 34 kg N/ha along with 60 kg S/ha has a significant effect on growth and yield attributes which ultimately results in the maximum yield of groundnut.
10. BISWAJIT PAUL, SANCHARINI SEN, PALASH PAN and Nandan Bhattacharyya* [Impact of power plant fly ash on heavy metal accumulation in the environment, crop root, shoot, endosperm and crop yield]. Crop Res. 59 (3&4): 143-148 (2024). Department of Zoology, Panskura Banamali College (Autonomous) Panskura R. S., Purba Medinipur-721152, West Bengal, India *(e-mail: bhattacharyya_nandan@rediffmail.com)
ABSTRACT
The disposal of fly ash from coal-fired power stations poses significant environmental challenges, particularly near thermal power plants like the Kolaghat Thermal Power Station in West Bengal, India. Therefore, a study was conducted in 2022 – 2023 at the Department of Zoology, PanskuraBanamali College, West Bengal to study the impact of fly ash contamination on soil, water, and crops within a 5km radius of the plant. Heavy metals such as Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn, and Mn were analysedthrough AAS in soil, water, shoot, root, and rice endosperm.The bioabsorption coefficient, bioconcentration factor, and translocation factor for heavy metalbioaccumulation were examined. The impact of different concentrations of fly ash on crop yield was determined by measuring the mean shoot length, mean seed stalk length, mean number of seeds per stalk, and mean dry weight of endosperm per stalk.The study revealed the highest heavy metal concentrations in soil, with Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, and Pb being the most abundant. Plants exhibited hyper-accumulation of Cu, Zn, and Mn, while Pb and Fe showed moderate translocation. Rice grown with fly ash showed optimal growth at 1% concentration, similar to 5%, but higher concentrations reduced yield. Future research should focus on plant metal absorption, phytoremediation, and bioremediation for effective mitigation of fly ash contamination, emphasizing thorough investigations.
11. S. SHEIK SHALIK* AND G. SIVAKUMAR [Investigating the impact of bone sludge compost on nutrient uptake and post-harvest soil nutrient levels]. Crop Res. 59 (3&4): 149-154 (2024). Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Chidambaram-608 002, Tamil Nadu, India *(e-mail: sheikshalikagri@gmail.com)
ABSTRACT
Rice cultivation faces challenges such as declining soil health, nutrient depletion, and environmental pollution caused by industrial waste. The integration of bio-digested bone sludge compost industrial waste with other organic and inorganic fertilizers needs to be studied for achieving long-term sustainability of agricultural systems. Therefore, a field experiment took place during the 2022 at the Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu, India with an aim to examine the impact of incorporating bone sludge, a by-product of the ossein industry, as a fertilizer in conjunction with various other organic fertilizers, including bone sludge compost, pressmud compost, poultry manure compost, goat manure compost, and farmyard manure, on the growth, yield, nutrient uptake and post-harvest soil status of rice. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications. The experiment comprised eight treatments. The results of the experiment revealed that among the different treatments tested, application of bone sludge compost @ 5 t/ha + pressmud compost @ 5 t/ha along with balance N and K through fertilizers excelled all treatments and gave significantly higher nutrient uptake of 151.10, 63.51, 147.05 kg/ha of nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium respectively also recorded highest post-harvest soil available nutrient of 222.98, 110.23, 276.21 kg/ha of nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium when compared to other treatments. The results of this study underscore the efficacy of utilizing bone sludge compost and pressmud compost, coupled with meticulous fertilizer management, to augment nutrient assimilation in rice crops and bolster soil fertility post-harvest. These findings present compelling evidence for the adoption of sustainable agricultural strategies aimed at enhancing crop productivity while concurrently preserving soil health.
12. S. GOWTHAM AND P. KARUPPAIAH* [Effect of different levels of nitrogen in combination with nano urea on growth, yield and quality of crossandra (Crossandra infundibuliformis L.) cv. Lakshmi]. Crop Res. 59 (3&4): 155-161 (2024). Department of Horticulture (Floriculture and Landscape Architecture), Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Chidambarm-608002 (Tamil Nadu), India *(e-mail: vpkhortic@yahoo.com)
ABSTRACT
An investigation on the effect of different levels of nitrogen in combination with nano urea on growth, yield and quality of crossandra (Crossandra infundibuliformis L.) cv. Lakshmi was carried out in the Floriculture unit, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Chidambaram during the year 2022-2024. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with 14 treatments and 3 replications. Among the different treatments, the treatment T5 (100% PK + 75% N through urea + 0.4% Nano urea (3 sprays)) resulted in increased growth attributes such as plant height (85.21 cm), stem girth (7.95 cm), number of branches/plant (24.51), number of leaves/plant (99.29), leaf area (95.41 cm2) and chlorophyll content (0.840 mg/g). With regards to yield attributes, the treatment T8 (100% PK + 50% N through urea + 0.4% Nano urea (3 sprays)) showed early spike emergence (37.54 days), time taken for 1st flowering (44.83 days) with an increase in number of spikes/plant (36.27), spike length (14.21 cm) and number of flowers/spike (39.21). 100 flower weight (8.62 g), flower yield/plant (51.03 g), flower yield/plot (974.76 g/plot), estimated flower yield/hectare (32.49 q/ha) and quality attributes like xanthophyll content (69.42 mg/g), carotenoid content (57.76 mg/g), shelf life of flowers (74.88 hours), longevity of flower in the plant (95.52 hours) and flowers with an excellent quality of visual scoring (9.16) were also observed the maximum in the treatment T8. The treatment control (T1) had the lowest value for all the growth, yield and quality attributes. Hence, it is concluded that the treatment T8 (100% PK + 50% N through urea + 0.4% Nano urea (3 sprays)) was found to be the best combination for improving the growth, yield and quality of crossandra cv. Lakshmi.
13. Gajanan J. Solunke and Arunava Das* [Development of a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for analysis of charantin in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) fruits]. Crop Res. 59 (3&4): 162-166 (2024). Mandsaur University, Revas Devda Bypass Square Mandsaur-458001, Madhya Pradesh, India *(e-mail: das.arunava2022@gmail.com)
ABSTRACT
Horticultural plants such as the bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L., family Cucurbitaceae) have a special significance as a vegetable in the kitchen and offer health benefits. Bitter gourd is cultivated in several tropical regions of Asian countries and in parts of Africa, Central North America, South North Asia, Singapore, Japan, etc. The main objective of this study is to develop a modified and validated high performance method for the quantification of charantin. Bitter gourd is rich in various phytomolecules, including charantin as an antidiabetic agent. Charantin is one of these phytomolecules that acts as an antidiabetic agent in type 2 diabetics. Charantin has a high molecular weight so that it is easily digested when taken orally. A validated and modified high performance liquid chromatography method was used for the quantification of charantin in bitter gourd fruits. Bitter gourd plants transplanted in Kharif 2023 from Mandsaur University Nursery, Mandsaur Campus were used for modification of extraction parameters and for carrying out the validated protocol in Kharif 2023. The fruits were harvested 60-65 days after planting in June/July 2022. Charantin extraction was done using methanol in Soxhlet and analysis was done using modified high performance liquid chromatography for quantification. C18 columns as stationary phase and methanol:water (98:2) were used for separation and quantification of charantin. Validated method for the analysis and separation of charantin in dry powder of bitter gourd fruits. Analysis and quantification were performed using the methanolic extract and yielded a content of 200-600 ug/g dry fruit weight. The high charantin variety can be used for further breeding purposes or directly for product formulation and basic clinical trials if required.
14. Gajanan J. Solunke and Arunava Das* [Standardization and selection of organic solvent and extraction parameters for charantin in bitter gourd (Momordica charantin L.) fruits]. Crop Res. 59 (3&4): 167-172 (2024). Mandsaur University, Revas Devda Bypass Square, Mandsaur, Madhya Pradesh, 458001 India *(e-mail- das.arunava2022@gmail.com)
ABSTRACT
Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L. Cucurbitaceae) is an important vegetable and medicinal crop that is grown in several tropical countries such as India, China, Malaysia, Bangladesh, part of Africa, Central North America, South North Asia, Singapore, Japan, and Vietnam. It is also used as raw fruit juice for cooking fruits and vegetable dishes. The fruits, leaves, and seeds of this plant contain charantins, which are insulin-like compounds. Therefore, it is essential to develop nutrient-rich extracts that are more effective for diabetes. Ethanol and methanol are edible solvents that enable the preparation of charantin-rich extracts. Experiments were conducted on charantin extraction using ethanol and methanol in a Soxhlet apparatus. The study concluded that methanol is a better solvent for the production of charantin-rich extracts. Methanolic extracts had fewer impurities, less chlorophyll interference in the analysis, and better peak strength. The results of the study showed that there was 380–990 ug/g dry fruit powder dry weight content of charantin-level expression in fruit dried powder in methanolic extract, compared with ethanolic extract, which was 200–700 ug/g dry weight. The data show the significance of the use of methanol for bitter gourd charantin extraction.
15. SHWETA SONAM, ALOK KUMAR SRIVASTAVA AND RAJESH SHARMA* [Antifungal potential of rhizospheric bacterial isolates of Daucus carota against brown spot fungus Cochliobolus miyabeanus]. Crop Res. 59 (3&4): 173-179 (2024). Department of Biotechnology V. B. S. Purvanchal University, Jaunpur-222001 (Uttar Pradesh), India *(e-mail: rajeshdbtpu@gmail.com)
ABSTRACT
Cochliobolus miyabeanus is an important plant pathogen which causes a very common and widespread brown spot disease in rice, that may result in a severe reduction in the crop yield. The current studies were carried out to search out the antifungal potential of the bacterial isolates from the rhizospheric region of Daucus carota against brown spot fungus, C. miyabeanus. Isolation of rhizospheric bacterial isolates was done from carrot grown field of district Jaunpur in month of January, 2023. Experiment work has been done in Department of Biotechnology, Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, Jaunpur in 2023 from the month January to November. All bacterial isolates were tested for antifungal activity against brown spot fungi. Isolates were screened for their antifungal activities against brown spot fungus for further studying plant growth promoting, biochemical and morphological attributes. Isolates, CVO-7 and NBRI-O-2 showed efficient antifungal activity against test organism and also showed some plant growth promoting attributes that can further reduce the virulence of C. miyabeanus by enhancing availability of essential and trace elements for the plant. Both the isolates were characterized at a molecular level by using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and sequences of 16S rDNA segment were submitted to the NCBI GenBank database with the accession numbers OR775577 (Bacillus subtilis ss5cvo7) and OR775572 (Bacillus proteolyticus ss2nbrio2).
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