Volume 55, Number 3 & 4 (May & July) 2020
1. M. SAI RAM*, TANMOY SHANKAR, SAGAR MAITRA, RAHUL ADHIKARY AND G. V. V. S. N. SWAMY [Productivity, nutrient uptake and nutrient use efficiency of summer rice (Oryza sativa) as influenced by integrated nutrient management practices]. Crop Res. 55 (3&4) : 65-72 (2020). Department of Agronomy M. S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture Centurion University of Technology and Management Paralakhemundi-761200, Odisha, India *(e-mail : sairammasina52@gmail.com)
ABSTRACT
Rice is the staple food crop of India and for sustainable production of rice integrated nutrient management is advised. In this regard, a field experiment was conducted during summer season of 2019-20 at Bagusala Farm (23o39’N latitude and 87o42’E longitude) of M.S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Gajapati, Odisha under sandy clay loam soil conditions. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replication and eight treatments. The treatments were 100% RDN (recommended dose of nitrogen), 75% RDN+25% N through vermicompost, 75% RDN+25% N through FYM (farmyard manure), 50% RDN+50% N through vermicompost, 50% RDN+50% N through FYM, 50% RDN+25%N through vermicompost+25% N through FYM, 25% RDN+ 25% N through vermicompost + 50% N through FYM, control (no fertilizer).The rice variety RNR 15048 was used. The treatments with 75% RDN along with 25% vermicompost recorded better results in terms of yield attributes, namely, number of panicle/m2 (213.3), panicle length (24.5 cm), number of spikelets/ panicle (140.7), number of filled grain/ panicle (123.3) and grain and straw yields (5.18 t/ha and 7.31 t/ha respectively).The uptake of nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) and potassium (K)by rice was more (85.6, 28.1 and 128.7 kg/ha respectively) with 75% RDN+25% N through vermicompost and the treatment also showed maximum value of N (255.0 kg/ha), P (16.7 kg/ha) and K (144.0 kg/ha) in postharvest soil. From the present study it may be recommended that integrated nutrient management in summer rice in south Odisha involving application of 75% RDN with 25% N through vermicompost can be opted for improving productivity and sustainability.
2. SARATH KUMAR DUVVADA*, G. C. MISHRA, SAGAR MAITRA AND CHINMAYEE PATRA [Influence of irrigation regimes and date of transplanting on yield and economics of summer rice (Oryza sativa)]. Crop Res. 55 (3&4) : 73-80 (2020). Department of Agronomy M. S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture Centurion University of Technology and Management Paralakhemundi, 761211, Odisha, India *(e-mail : sarathkumarduvvada010@gmail.com)
ABSTRACT
Rice is the staple food of one-third of world population and the productivity needs to increase to feed the growing population with efficient water management practices and water saving technologies. In this regard, a field experiment was conducted in South Odisha during summer of 2018-19 which was laid out in split-plot design with three replications. The treatments were comprised of three water regimes in main plot viz., continuous ponding, continuous soil saturation and saturation after hair crack and four transplanting dates in sub plots, namely, transplanting on January 23 and 31, February 6 and 13. The continuous ponding recorded the maximum yield attributes like panicle length (20.04 cm), 1000 grain weight (23.46g), filled grains/panicle (73.90) along with grain yield (4.57 t/ha), net return (Rs. 50228/ha) and B:C ratio (1.07). Transplanting of rice on 23rd January resulted in increase in number of effective tillers (8.29), 1000 grain weight (23.46 g), filled grains/panicle (72.54), grain yield (4.72 t/ha), net return (Rs. 54385/ha) and B:C ratio (1.19) over other dates of transplanting. The study clearly revealed that continuous ponding and saturation exerted higher productivity when transplanted on January 23 under South Odisha conditions.
3. IMAN AHMADI*, MOHMMAD-HOSSEIN GHARINEH AND ABDOLMAHDI BAKHSHANDEH [Study on the effect of application of urea fertilizer and reduced herbicide doses on wheat (Triticum aestivum) – weed competition]. Crop Res. 55 (3&4) : 81-90 (2020). 1Plant Production and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Khuzestan, Iran *(e-mail : imanahmadi200@gmail.com)
ABSTRACT
The amount of weed control not only depends solely on the use of herbicides, but also on interactions with other inputs, including the interaction of herbicides and levels of urea fertilizers. In order to study wheat – Sinapis arvensis and Avenaludo viciana competition in response to urea fertilizer and herbicide, a field experiment was laid out in split plots in randomized complete block design with four replications at Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Iran. Main plot comprised of urea fertilizer with 5 levels of 0, 45, 90, 180 and 330 kg/ha of urea and herbicide dose of “mesosulfuron methyl + iodosulfuron methyl sodium + diflufenican + mefenpyr-diethyl” Branded (Othello OD) in 6 doses of 0, 0.32, 0.64, 0.96, 1.28 and 1.6 L/ha (recommended dose 1.6 L/ha) as sub plot. The results showed that the response of weed and wheat biomass to herbicide doses was described, respectively, with dose-response and sigmoid models, and developed in response to an increase in urea fertilizer consumption. Based on the prediction of the combined model, the dosage required for reducing the weed biomass to less than 150 g/m2 with consuming of 0, 45, 90, 180, 250 and 330 kg/ha of urea fertilizer was predicted to be 0.64, 1.04, 1.12, 0.96, 0.88, and 0.80L/ha of herbicide, respectively. From the results it could be observed that 1172 g/m2 of wheat biomass can be achieved using 225 kg/ha of urea fertilizer plus 0.96 L/ha.
4. NILESH MADANRAO MASKE, KALIPADA PRAMANIK* AND BHAGWAN V. ASEWAR [Growth, productivity and quality of sweet corn in response to irrigation scheduling and nutrient management practices in Vertisols of Marathwada region]. Crop Res. 55 (3&4) : 91-99 (2020). Institute of Agriculture Palli Siksha Bhavana, Visva-Bharati, Sriniketan-731236 (West Bengal), India *(e-mail : kalipada.pramanik@visva-bharati.ac.in)
ABSTRACT
Water is the most valuable natural resource for agriculture. Appropriate time for using of irrigation water and the balanced use of NPK with zinc to enhance effective crop productivity and quality of sweet corn at commercial level due to increase demand. In this regard, a field experiment was carried out during the rainy (kharif) seasons of 2016-17 and 2017-18 at the instructional/research farm of MGM college of Agricultural Biotechnology, Aurangabad, Maharashtra to evaluate the growth, quality and yield performance of sweet corn green fodder (cv. Sugar-75) under different irrigation scheduling and nutrient management practices. The treatments comprised of four irrigation scheduling viz., I1: Two irrigations at knee height and tasseling stage, I2: three irrigations at knee height, tasseling and early dough stage, I3: Four irrigations at knee height, tasseling, silking and early dough stage in main plot. The sub-plots comprised of three fertility levels viz., NPK1: 120:60:60 kg NPK/ha, NPK2: 150:75:75 kg NPK/ha, NPK3: 180:90:90 kg NPK/ha) and two methods of zinc application viz., Zn1: Soil application @ 25kg/ha ZnSO4.7H2O and Zn2: Seed priming @ 1% ZnSO4.7H2O) From the experimental findings, it was revealed that four irrigations at knee height, tasseling, silking and early dough stage registered higher growth attributes, total chlorophyll content and yield attributes of sweet corn. Furthermore, recorded maximum green cob yield (32.77 t/ha) and biological yield (96.38 t/ha); higher protein content (7.41 %) and total digestible nutrient (93.53 %) over three and two irrigations. Application of 180:90:90 kg NPK/ha recorded maximum growth attributes, total chlorophyll content, yield attributes, green cob yield (30.25 t/ha), biological yield (89.81 t/ha), protein content (7.41 %) and total digestible nutrient (99.36 %) as compared to 150:75:75 kg NPK/ha and 120:60:60 kg NPK/ha. Seed priming @ 1% ZnSO4.7H2O recorded higher growth attributes, total chlorophyll content, yield attributes, productivity, protein content over soil application of ZnSO4, 7H2O @ 25 kg/ha however both were at par during the study. Therefore, based on the finding it may be concluded thar four irrigation, 180:90:90 kg NPK/ha with seed priming @ 1% ZnSO4.7H2O may be recommend in vertisols of Marathwada region for getting more productivity.
5. O. O. LAWAL*, O. T. AJIBOYE, L. B. ADELODUN AND U. Y. IBRAHIM [Yield potential and variability studies in early-maturing soybean (Glycine max L.) under terminal drought prone condition]. Crop Res. 55 (3&4) : 100-106 (2020). 1Department of Crop Production Kwara State University, Malete, Ilorin, PMB 1530, Kwara State, Nigeria *(e-mail : oluwatosin.lawal@kwasu.edu.ng)
ABSTRACT
Sequel to the impediment of terminal drought in limiting the enormous potential of soybean, the research was conducted to determine the grain yield potential of early-maturing breeding lines of soybean prior to their release and evaluated the genetic variability among the breeding lines for further improvement. In this regard, fourteen early-maturing varieties, along with two checks were evaluated in the late rainy season of 2018 at Teaching and Research and Farm of Kwara State University, Nigeria. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design in three replications. Data were collected on seed morphology, plant growth and yield characters and subjected to analysis of variance at (P<0.05). Boxplot was used to depict the spread of the measured traits while dendrogram showed (dis)similarities among the soybean varieties with the aid of Stata statistical tool. The results revealed that there was basis for selection among the early-maturing soybean varieties as a result of wide variability in their morphological and agronomic traits. Genetic variability in flowering time and grain yield, makes development for extra early genotypes plausible. Most of the early-maturing soybean varieties were dissimilar to local check, that was also distantly related to improved check. TGX 2007-1F, TGX 2007-4F and improved check were high yielding and can ameliorate food and nutritional insecurity resulting from climate change induced terminal drought.
6. K. SATHIYA*, SYED ABUL HASSAN HUSSAINY AND P. SRIDHAR [Effect of agronomic management practices on the performance of rabi summer groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) under rice (Oryza sativa)-groundnut cropping system]. Crop Res. 55 (3&4) : 107-112 (2020). 1Oilseeds Research Station Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Tindivanam-604 001, Tamil Nadu, India *(e-mail : sathiyak21@rediffmail.com)
ABSTRACT
Land after rice cultivation is left as fallow which can be utilized for cultivation of groundnut as this can curb down the current import of vegetable oils to a significant level which falls heavy on the Indian economy. Still, proper combination of nutrient management and seed treatment practices are required to enhance the productivity of groundnut under rice – groundnut cropping system. In this regard, a field experiment was conducted during rabi summer season of 2017 to 2019 at Oilseeds Research Station, Tindivanam, Tamil Nadu, India to study the effect of agronomic management practices on rabi summer groundnut under rice – groundnut cropping system. In this experiment, two varieties viz., TMV 7 and TMV13 were tested along with various nutrient management practises viz., 75% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF); 100% RDF; 125% RDF; 75% RDF + Rhizobium (seed treatment); 100% RDF + Rhizobium and 25% RDF + Rhizobium. The result indicated that, among the two tested groundnut varieties, TMV 13 seed treated with Rhizobium along with 100% RDF recorded higher plant height (40.3 cm), number of branches (8.8), pods/plant (21.8) and pod yield (2395 kg/ha) over other treatment combinations. It could be concluded that cultivation of groundnut var. TMV 13 under rice fallow areas is economical with higher benefit: cost ratio (3.30) when fertilized with 100% RDF (25:50:75 NPK kg/ha) and seed treated with Rhizobium @ 600g/ha to lay a foundation for effective rice – groundnut cropping system.
7. G. VIJAYALAKSHMI, K. BANUKUMAR* AND A. SENTHILVELAN [Crop water modeling for dryland cropping in Viralimalai block, Tamil Nadu, India]. Crop Res. 55 (3&4) : 113-121 (2020). 1Department of Geography K. N. Govt. Arts College for Women (Autonomous) Thanjavur-613007, Tamil Nadu, India *(e-mail : kbanukumar@gmail.com)
ABSTRACT
Geographical Information System (GIS) with the aid of CROPWAT 8.0 and SPAW programmes offers efficient way of modeling the crop water requirement and portraying spatially, yet to be tapped for agro-climatic studies. Viralimalai block, situated in the northwestern part of Pudukkottai District in Tamil Nadu is one the economically backward area and subject to drought often, where the crop water and irrigation requirement for each textural soil units have been assessed for groundnut (Arachis hypogaea), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) which are the dominant dry crops of the block. The efficiency of rainfall is higher which favours groundnut and sorghum attributed by clay and clay loam structure of the soil. The rainfall efficiency is poor in loamy sand and sandy loam soil as for the groundnut and maize considered. Loamy sand areas are identified with excess irrigation requirement accounting with 260 mm for groundnut, 280 mm for sorghum and 116 mm for Pearl millet. The irrigation requirement is minimum and even not required over the areas under clay textured soil as for the crops under study.
8. MANINDERJIT SINGH* AND SUKHDEV SINGH [Impact of organic and inorganic fertilizers on tree growth and quantitative traits of Kinnow (Citrus nobilis Lour × Citrus deliciosa Tenor)]. Crop Res. 55 (3&4) : 122-127 (2020). 1Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry Guru Nanak Dev University. Amritsar-143001, Punjab, India *(e-mail : singh.maninderjit82@yahoo.in)
ABSTRACT
The continuous application of huge amount of chemical fertilizers degrades the quality, health and productivity of the soil. In future production scenario, use of chemical fertilizers in combination with organic sources of nutrients may play an important role in improving soil health and also helps to sustain optimum production of good quality and quantity of Kinnow. Based on this, the present investigation was carried out during 2015-18 at Department of Horticulture, Khalsa College, Amritsar (Punjab), to study the impact of various organic and inorganic fertilizers on vegetative growth, fruit physical parameters and yield traits of Kinnow. Treatments were laid out in randomized block design with various combinations of Azotobacter, Phosphate solubilizing bacteria, Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza, Trichoderma, Farmyard manure, Azospirillum, vermicompost and inorganic fertilizers based on recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF). It was observed that maximum vegetative growth of annual shoot extension (39.70 cm), trunk girth (6.42 cm), leaf area (30.17 cm2) and tree spread (N-S -13.83 % and E-W-15.43 %); physical characters like fruit/plant (619.32); yield (102.98 kg/plant), fruit length (6.86 cm), fruit breadth (7.81 cm), fruit weight (233.06 gm), fruit volume (220.55 cc) and juice content (56.36 %) were recorded with combination of RDF + VC + PSB + VAM followed by RDF + Azotobacter + PSB + VAM while lower performance was observed in treatment with RDF (100 %) alone. Based on this, it was concluded that both organic and inorganic fertilizers improved the physico-chemical properties of soils which ultimately helps to improve the vegetative and quantitative traits of fruit plants due to increase in uptake of various nutrients and photosynthates in plant.
9. SHABAREE Y. A. SANGMA, LOLLY S. PEREIRA* AND J. C. DANG [Standardization of protocol for in vitro seed germination of Citrus indica Tanaka]. Crop Res. 55 (3&4) : 128-133 (2020). 1Department of RDAP, North-Eastern Hill University, Tura Campus, Tura- 794002, West Garo Hills, Meghalaya, India *(e-mail : drlollysp@gmail.com)
ABSTRACT
An experiment was conducted with different concentrations of cytokinins and auxins, either singly or in combinations with full and half strength Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium for in-vitro seed germination of Citrus indica Tanaka-an endangered Citrus species of Meghalaya. Among the various treatments tried in full strength MS medium earliest germination (4.33 days) was recorded in BAP 0.5 mg/l + NAA 0.5 mg/l and Kn 1.0 mg/l+ NAA 0.5 mg/l. Cent per cent germination was noted in treatments BAP 2.0 mg/l + IBA 0.5mg/l and Kn 0.5 mg/l+ NAA 0.5 mg/l. Longest shoot of 2.93 cm was observed in Kn1.5mg/l + IBA 0.5 mg/l while longest root of 2.9cm was was observed in Kn 0.5 mg/l+ NAA 0.5 mg/l. Similar treatments were tried in half strength MS medium and observed that BAP 1mg/l showed earlier (4.33 days) and complete germination (100%) with higher shoot length (3.13 cm) and root length (3.15 cm). Comparing the results obtained from full strength and half strength MS medium it can be concluded that half strength MS medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine @ 1.0 mg/l exhibited the best response for in vitro seed germination of Citrus indica.
10. R. C. BAIRWA*, S. R. BHUNIA, R. K. NAROLIA AND M. L. REAGER [Response of different mulching and irrigation levels through drip irrigation on the performance of dill (Anethum graveolens)]. Crop Res. 55 (3&4) : 134-138 (2020). Department of Agronomy SK Rajasthan Agricultural University Bikaner-334006, Rajasthan, India *(e-mail : ramesh_ag@hotmail.com)
ABSTRACT
Rajasthan mostly, its western part is covered with desert and have high temperature, high wind velocity and water scarcity, due to these harsh condition dill is an important crops for farmers of these areas, because of this crop is very hardy and have no attack of insect and pest and farmers get more benefits in these areas after its cultivation it is an medicinal as well as spice crop have selling price and low cost of cultivation. In this regard, field experiment was carried out in two consecutive Rabi seasons of 2017-18 and 2018-19 at Research farm, Agricultural Research Station, S.K.Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner to study the growth and yield of dill as influenced by different mulching and irrigation levels under drip irrigation system. The experiment was laid out in split plot design and was replicated four times. The treatments consisted of three irrigation levels viz., ETc 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 and three mulching treatments viz., straw mulch and polythene mulch and a control. Results of experiment revealed that irrigation at ETc 0.8 gave significantly higher growth (102.37 cm plant height and 3.83 branches per plant) and yield (1211 kg/ha) of crop over ETc 0.6(973 kg/ha), but at par with ETc 1.0 (1267 kg/ha). Among mulches polythene mulch was better respect to plant growth (108.80 cm plant height and 4.03 branches per plant) and seed yield (1276 kg/ha) which was higher than straw mulch (1171 kg/ha) and control (1004 kg/ha).
11. ARIVUKODI SELVARAJ AND SYED ABUL HASSAN HUSSAINY* [Evaluating weed management practices for direct sown drum seeded rice (Oryza sativa) : A review]. Crop Res. 55 (3&4) : 139-151 (2020). 1S. Thangapazham Agriculture College Tenkasi-627758, Tamil Nadu, India *(e-mail : thesyedhussainy@gmail.com)
ABSTRACT
Increasing labour cost and scarcity has shifted in trend towards mechanization. Rice being a labour-intensive crop method like direct sowing using drum seeder could help in reducing the nursery and transplanting costs. Moreover, chemical weeding for direct sown rice need to be evaluated which could aid in the developing labour crisis. This review article focuses on the chemical weed management practices for direct sown rice. Pre-emergence (PE) herbicides like pretilachlor, anilofos and pendimethalin along with post-emergence herbicides (POE) like azimsulfuron and bispyribac sodium at different dosages and combinations are evaluated using available literature in contrast to manual hand weeding and mechanical weeding practices. It is a known fact that hand weeding is the best management practice till date and chemical combinations showing comparable performance to hand weeding can be chosen for further evaluation. It could be enlightened that the use of pretilachlor as PE followed by bispyribac sodium as POE have shown to be an appropriate, cost efficient weed management practice. Based on this the recommended dosage for application for pretilachlor @ 750 g (active ingredient) a.i./ha on 8 days after sowing (DAS); and bispyribac sodium @ 25 g a.i./ha on 30 DAS for direct sown drum seeded rice could enhance the weed control efficiency.
12. M. ROJA*, CH. DEEPTHI AND M. DEVENDER REDDY [Effect of surface and drip irrigation levels on growth, yield, nutrient uptake and water productivity of maize : A review]. Crop Res. 55 (3&4) : 152-161 (2020). Department of Agronomy Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha *(e-mail : roja@cutm.ac.in)
ABSTRACT
Maize (Zea mays L.) a miracle crop, grown over a wide range of climatic conditions in semi arid and sub tropics for food and fodder. Under irrigated condition, it has high production potential when compared to any other cereal crops. Water scarcity and soil infertility are two critical factors limiting maize grain yield over most regions. The limited water resources in the area and the cost of pumping irrigation water are the most important factors that force many farmers to reduce irrigation in deficit areas. The present furrow and flooding method of irrigation followed in maize are having low application and irrigation efficiency which in turn permitting more chances for loss of water. Therefore, switching over to modern methods of irrigation like drip irrigation is necessary to decrease water losses due to conveyance and evaporation. Therefore, effective water management for agricultural production in water scarce regions requires application of innovative and sustainable approaches. With the present context, nowadays drip irrigation is gaining a lot of importance due to its higher irrigation efficiency (90%) and also will curse down the drawbacks of the present methods. Hence, optimization of irrigation scheduling irrigation using drip system which reduces the water application losses without reducing the yield is of prime concern as both deficit and excess water supplies could affect maize growth in the tropical climate.
13. SAGAR MAITRA* [Intercropping of small millets for agricultural sustainability in drylands : A review]. Crop Res. 55 (3&4) : 162-171 (2020). Department of Agronomy and Agroforestry M. S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture Centurion University of Technology and Management Paralakhemundi-761 211, Odisha, India *(e-mail : sagar.maitra@cutm.ac.in)
ABSTRACT
The scope for enhancement of productivity under irrigated conditions is limited because of over-exploitation of available resources, but there is ample opportunity for boosting yield in drylands by adopting suitable crops and cropping systems. The agricultural sustainability in drylands is comparatively hard to achieve due to different constraints like poor soil fertility, lack of irrigation facilities and moisture stress, small holdings and less investment in agriculture. Choice of ecologically sound crops as millets and adoption of intercropping systems are two of suitable options for maximization of productivity in drylands. Millets are ancient nutri-cereals which can play a crucial role in food as well as nutritional security of the country and can assure agricultural sustainability in drylands under intercropping system. The combination of cereal and legume in intercropping is mostly preferred by the farmers in subsistence farming targeting livelihood security. Experiments carried out on intercropping of some small millets in India and abroad clearly indicated numerous benefits like enhancement of crops productivity, greater resource use efficiency, check in run-off of water and soil conservation in erosion prone areas, prevention of loss of soil nutrients, improvement of soil health, insurance against crop failure under aberrant weather conditions, higher monetary return and benefit-cost ratio. But the performance of all small millets is not tested under intercropping under different regions. There is still insufficiency in research on small millets based intercropping system which can create further scope for agricultural sustainability of drylands.
14. DEEPTHI CHANDAKA*, M. ROJA AND M. DEVENDER REDDY [A review on nutrient management studies on sesame (Sesamum indicum)]. Crop Res. 55 (3&4) : 172-181 (2020). 1Department of Agronomy and Agroforestry MS Swaminathan School of Agriculture Centurion University of Technology and Management Parlakemundhi-761211, Odisha, India *(e-mail : deepthi@cutm.ac.in)
ABSTRACT
Aim of this paper is to review the importance of sesame (Sesamum indicum) crop, production status in country and its’ constraints. Sesame is one of the most important high value oilseed crops contributing high foreign currency. Sesame oil is highly useful edible oil having wider applications. Reports from five years survey indicate that the sesame production was decreased from year by year but productivity increased due to high suitability of crop to environmental conditions. Generally, more than 85% of sesame production comes from Gujarat, West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. Mostly brown and white colored seeds were grown. Due to presence of high oil content and its suitability to different environmental condition, sesame growth will give high opportunity for India to improve the crop. To increase yield potential, quality and to achieve better profits, crop needs improvement in post-harvest handling, development of high yielding cultivars with better resistance to diseases and pests, development of improved agronomic and managemental practices, with environmental situations for good oil quality in the country.
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