Volume 22, Number 2(August, 2001)
Titles of research papers/articles alongwith their abstracts.
For full text, please contact to Editor-in-chief at : md@cropresearch.org
1. M. A. HUSSAINI, V. B. OGUNLELA, A. A. RAMALAN* AND A. M. FALAKI [Growth and development of maize (Zea mays L.) in response to different levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and irrigation]. Crop Res. 22 (2) : 141-149 (2001). Department of Agronomy, Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
A field study was carried out for three years (1996, 1997 and 1998) at the sudan savanna region of Nigeria to evaluate the effects on growth and development of four levels of nitrogen (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg N ha-1) factorially combined in main plot with three irrigation regimes based on irrigation water : cumulative pan evaporation ratios of 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 and three phosphorus levels (0, 20 and 40 kg p ha-1) in the sub-plot arranged in split plot with three replications. Nitrogen fertilization significantly enhanced the growth of maize, while the effect of P was not so pronounced. The IW : CPE ratio of 1.0 outperformed the other levels.
2. A. K. PANDEY, VED PRAKASH AND R. D. SINGH [Response of late sown rainfed wheat (Triticum aestivum) to seed rate and N dose]. Crop Res. 22 (2) : 150-154 (2001). Division of Crop Production, Vivekananda Parvatiya Krishi Anusandhan Sansthan (ICAR), Almora-263 601 (U. P.), India
ABSTRACT
A field study was carried out during winter (rabi) seasons of 1996-97 and 1997-98 at Vivekananda Parvatiya Krishi Anusandhan Sansthan (ICAR), Almora to find out optimum seed rate and N dose for late sown wheat under rainfed conditions. Results showed that the effective tillers and grain yield increased with increase in seed rate; however, significant increase was recorded upto 125 kg/ha. Higher seed rate adversely affected the ear length, spikelets/ear, grains/ear and 1000-grain weight and the adverse effect was found significant at 150 kg/ha as compared to 75 or 100 kg/ha seeds. N application markedly improved the yield attributes and yield; however, significant response was observed upto 30 kg N/ha.
3. PARAMJIT, V. P. SINGH AND D. K. ROY [Effect of different levels of nitrogen and irrigation on water use efficiency and moisture extraction pattern of malt barley var. Alfa-93]. Crop Res. 22 (2) : 155-157 (2001). Department of Agronomy, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004, India
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted during winter season of 1998-99 at Agronomy Research Area, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The experiment comprised four levels of irrigation i. e. I0 (no irrigation), 11 (one irrigation at tillering stage), I2 (one irrigation at flag leaf stage) and I3 (two irrigations–first at tillering and second at flag leaf stage) and four levels of nitrogen (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg N ha-1). The treatments were replicated four times in split plot design. The consumptive use of water (CU) increased markedly with the increasing frequency of irrigation. The application of two irrigations resulted in more water extraction from the upper most soil layer (0-30 cm) as compared to no irrigation or one irrigation either applied at tillering or flag leaf stage. The consumptive use of water and water use efficiency increased with the increasing rates of nitrogen application in malt barley and resulted in slightly lower extraction of moisture from upper most soil layer (0-30 cm).
4. P. SANTHI, K. RAMAMOORTHY, K. PONNUSWAMY AND N. SANKARAN [Influence of pearlmillet (Pennisetum glaucum) crop residue on succeeding crop yield and economics of cropping sequence]. Crop Res. 22 (2) : 158-160 (2001). Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003, India
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted during kharif 1996, 1997, 1998 and 1999 at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore to study the effect of pearlmillet crop residue on succeeding crop yield. Pearlmillet crop residue favourably influenced the succeeding crop yield. Pearlmillet followed by pulses proved its superiority over monocropping of
5. A. M. TAWAHA, M. A. TURK AND G. A. MAGHAIREH [Field pea response to several frequencies of hand weeding under Mediterranean environment]. Crop Res. 22 (2) : 161-163 (2001). Department of plant production, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, P. O. Box 3030, Jordan
ABSTRACT
The effect of time of weed removal on the growth and yield of field pea (Pisum sativum L.) in a semi-arid Mediterranean climate was studied during two cropping seasons 1998-99 and 1999-2000. Eight treatments of weed removal [an unweeded treatment (control), removal of weeds once at 30, 60 and 90 DAS, twice at 30 and 60 DAS, twice at 30 and 90 DAS and twice at 60 and 90 DAS and a weed-free treatment]. Removing weeds from 30 to 90 days after seeding (DAS) led to significantly larger yields than those of plots, which were not weeded. Maximum seed yield was obtained when weeds were removed twice at 30 and 60 DAS.
6. A. P. NAGARAJU, T. SHESHADRI, S. B. YOGANANDA, C. PREMKUMAR AND H. B. SHIVALEELA [Grain yield and quality attributes of short duration pigeonpea to row spacings and phosphatic fertilizer applications]. Crop Res. 22 (2) : 164-166 (2001). Department of Agronomy, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore-560 065, India
ABSTRACT
In a three-year field experiments conducted on soils known to be rich in available P and K status, short duration pigeonpea cv. DT-7 was tested for grain yield and quality attributes with different row spacings and P application rates. The study demonstrated conclusively that closer row spacing of 30 cm produced better grain yield of DT-7 as wll as nutrient quality over popular cultivar Hyd-3C. But fertilizer effects were quite negligible.
7. B. VIJAY KUMAR AND V. PRAVEEN RAO [Sunflower growth and yield as influenced by timing of evapotranspiration deficits]. Crop Res. 22 (2) : 167-174 (2001). Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500 030, India
ABSTRACT
A field study was conducted during 1995-96 and 1996-97 on a sandy loam soil to study the response of sunflower to evapotranspiration deficits imposed at specific crop growth sub-periods. The crop in fully irrigated control (W-W-W) treatment recorded maximum seed yield (2762 kg/ha). The evapotranspiration deficits in all the crop growth sub-periods significantly reduced the seed yield except in vegetative sub-period, relative to the yield in fully irrigated control. Yield reduction coefficients indicated that vegetative sub-period was insensitive to evapotranspiration deficits. Whereas flowering-seed formation and seed filling crop growth sub-periods were 219 and 119%, respectively, more sensitive to evapotranspiration deficits than vegetative period provided the crop has experienced no evapotranspiration deficits in the preceding growth sub-periods. However, the susceptibility of crop to evapotranspiration deficits at flowering-seed formation and seed filling periods was found to be greatly reduced if the crop was conditioned by prior evapotranspiration deficits.
8. D. PUNITHA, T. S. RAVEENDRAN AND N. DEVASENA [Study of gossypol in some of the wild species, coloured lint cotton and in white linted varieties]. Crop Res. 22 (2) : 175-178 (2001). Department of Cotton, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003 (Tamil Nadu), India
ABSTRACT
Eight wild species, six coloured cotton lines and 19 white linted varieties and two hybrids were analysed for gossypol estimation (%). For this estimation, shade dried-powdered leaf, squares and bolls were used for wild species, for varieties and hybrid seeds were selected for the estimation. Gossypol content in the wild species of Gossypium exhibited higher amount than the coloured and white linted varieties. The range varied between 0.8% in Gossypium triphyllum to 7.10% in the G.davidsonii in the wild species. Gossypol content was highly significant in the leaves of G. trilobum, squares and bolls of G. davidsonii and G. raimondii. In the cultivated varieties, gossypol content was higher in G. barbadense compared to the hirsutum types. Among the coloured lint varieties, Parbhani American and Nankeen Brown exhibited significant values. In the white linted varieties, gossypol content varied between 0.42 in LRA 5166 to 1.42 in K 11. The white linted varieties K 11, SVPR 2 and Nadan recorded highly significant values. From the above investigation, it was observed that wild species had high gossypol followed by coloured cotton and some of the G. barbadense cultivars. The seeds of the plant parts had less gossypol content compared to that of squares and bolls. pearlmillet.
9. R. K. THEODORE AND G. SELVARAJ [Sustainability of irrigated agriculture : An emerging challenge for agricultural development in the New Millennium]. Crop Res. 22 (2) : 179-186 (2001). Directorate of Extension Education, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003 (Tamil Nadu), India
ABSTRACT
In India, bringing vast areas under irrigation to meet the growing food demands has posed a threat to the environment by creating an imbalance in the production systems. Traditional diversified farms have been replaced with large-scale monocropping, which has led to serious environmental problems. To compare the sustainability of diversified farms with non-diversified farms, a study was conducted in the Tambiraparani river command area. It was found that the sustainability of diversified farms was significantly higher than non-diversified farms. Dairy was seen to have contributed significantly for the high level of sustainability of diversified farms. Considering the dominance of small producers in this region, dairy becomes an ideal allied activity to augment their income and also to improve the sustainability of the river command area.
10. S. ARUNA GEETHA AND T. M. THIYAGARAJAN [Variations in nitrogen uptake and its influence on the uptake of other nutrients in rice genotypes under different nitrogen management strategies]. Crop Res. 22 (2) : 187-193 (2001). Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003 (T. N.), India
ABSTRACT
Three rice genotypes (ASD 16, ADT 36 and ASD 20) differing in grade were selected and the variations in nitrogen uptake and uptake of other nutrients were studied under different nitrogen management strategies. The results revealed that the maximum crop N uptake was observed in ASD 20 under controlled release fertilizer application at first flowering and harvesting stages. This showed that N from controlled release fertilizer was more efficiently utilized by ASD 20 than other genotypes. There was decremental N uptake in ADT 36 during first flowering to harvesting stages could be associated with the sensitivity of the genotypes with the rhizosphere fe toxicity. The N uptake rate values were maximum during panicle initiation to first flowering stages. The crop N uptake at first flowering had definite linear relationship with uptake of P, K, Fe, Zn nutrients and clear quadratic relationships were observed for the same at harvesting stage irrespective of the genotypes. Higher crop N uptake at first flowering stage had positive influence on crop Mn and Cu uptake.
11. P. V. JEEGADEESWARI, p. S. SENTHIL KUMAR AND K. KUMARASWAMY [potassium balance and uptake under continuous cropping of rice in an Alfisol]. Crop Res. 22 (2) : 194-200 (2001). department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai-625 104 (Tamil Nadu), India
ABSTRACT
In a permanent manurial experiment in Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai, initiated in 1975, the K uptake, K use efficiency and K balance of soil were studied in the 37th rice crop (1997-98). The K uptake requirements of rice ranged from 7-11 kg K t-1 of grain. For yields greater than 6 t ha-1, total K uptake exceeded 75 kg ha-1. The K balance in the treatments that did not receive K either through manure or fertilizer was negative. The treatments that received K either through fertilizer or manure showed positive K balance with an average of 34 kg K season-1. There was significant depletion of soil K reserves in treatments without K supply. Overall, the results showed that integrated use of one of the manures with the prescribed level of N, P and K could be recommended for maximizing rice production and maintain soil fertility. The results further indicated that there was a possibility to effect a saving in the K input for the rice crop in soil with high available status of this nutrient.
12. K. H. RAVI, A. P. NAGARAJU, S. B. YOGANANDA AND K. R. SREERAMULU [Activated rock phosphate improves nutrient uptake and protein content in pigeonpea]. Crop Res. 22 (2) : 201-205 (2001). Department of Agronomy, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore-560 065, India
ABSTRACT
Mussorie rock phosphates (MRP) activated with different organic amendments were screened for their efficiency in field grown pigeonpea in terms of uptake of nutrients and protein content. MRP activated with cowdung+urine resulted in maximum uptake of NPK with enhanced protein content in seed. The next best treatment was found to be cowdung+urine+p solubilizing bacteria (PSB).
13. S. P. PANDEY AND R. S. SINGH [Responses of phosphorus and sulphur on yield and quality of summer moong (Vigna radiata L.)]. Crop Res. 22 (2) : 206-209 (2001). Department of Soil Science & Agricultural chemistry, C. S. Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur-208 002 (U. P.), India
ABSTRACT
The results of a field experiment revealed that moong crop (T-44) responded significantly to the addition of P2O5 and S. The highest grain and straw yields obtained at 50 kg P2O5+40 kg S ha-1 were computed about 76 and 88%, and about 77 and 88% higher over grain and straw yields at control. The quality parameters of grain i. e. protein and sulphur containing amino acids increased in the linear fashion with increasing doses of phosphorus and sulphur highest at highest levels i. e. 50 kg P2O5 and 40 kg S ha-1 and lowest at control during both the years 1995 and 1996, respectively.
14. LAXMAN SINGH AND B. PAL [Effect of saline water and fertility levels on the yield, potassium and zinc content and uptake by blonde psyllium (Plantago ovata Forsk.)]. Crop Res. 22 (2) : 210-216 (2001). Department of Agricultural Chemistry & Soil Science, R. B. S. College, Bichpuri, Agra-283 105 (Uttar Pradesh), India
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted for two consecutive years during rabi season at Research Farm, Bichpuri, Agra with a view to evaluating the interaction effect of saline water and fertility levels on yield, potassium and zinc uptake. Application of ECiw 12 dSm-1 water significantly decreased the grain and husk yield and uptake of potassium and zinc. The grain : husk ratios at 12 dSm-1 were 2.97 : 1, 2.96 : 1, 2.93 : 1, 2.93 : 1 and 2.92 : 1 for fertility treatments F1, F2, F3, F4 and F5, respectively, as compared to ECiw 2.4 dSm-1. Whereas fertility treatments F2, F3 and F5 significantly enhanced the content and uptake of potassium and zinc as compared to F1. The interaction effect results also indicated that application of ECiw 12 dSm-1 water significantly reduced the zinc content in grain and straw as compared to ECiw 2.4 dSm-1. Fertility treatments F2, F3 and F5, however, enhanced potassium and zinc uptake by blonde psyllium at both the levels of salinity. Fertility treatment F5, comprising 50 kg N+25 kg P2O5+25 kg K2O+20 kg ZnSO4 ha-1 proved significantly superior at 12 dSm-1 than other fertility treatments for yield and uptake of potassium and zinc. The superiority of the fertility treatments may be arranged as N50P25K25Zn20>N50P25K25> N50P25Zn20>N50P25>N0P0K0Zn0 for grain, husk yields and nutrients uptake.
15. G. E. TERAN-S, R. K. MAITI, HILDA-GAMEZ GONZALEZ AND E. QUERO-GUTTIEREZ [Effect of the application of different agrotechnological methods on the morpho physiological responses and productivity of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)]. Crop Res. 22 (2) : 217-231 (2001). Postgraduate Division, Facultad de Ciencias, Biológicas Universidad, Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, C. P. 66450, San Nicolas de los Garza, N. L. Mexico
ABSTRACT
The present study evaluates the effect of different agrotechnological methods such as soil covers, fertilization with elemental sulphur and a synthetic regulator MC (synthesized by Centro de Investigacion en Quimica Aplicada, ClQA). Potato progenitors and progenies were derived from tissue culture. The responses of the cultivars were measured in terms of different morphological variables (tubercule) fresh and dry weight, aerial biomass, stem thickness and assimilation of CO2. Besides total chlorophyll content, the relation of chlorophyll a/b, relation between chlorophyll total and CO2 assimilation and relation between stem thickness with yield were also evaluated. The progenitors gave greater production of fresh and dry tuber weight, also higher aerial biomass and stem thickness under the uncovered and covered soil. The progenies under polyethylene covered soil showed lower response compared to empty soil in total chlorophyll content, and also the relation chlorophyll a/b. This response was reverse in the treatment with sulphur and MCI growth regulator. The application of sulphur and MCI regulator on progenies in uncovered soil gave similar production with that in covered soil. The polyethylene covered soil gave adequate conditions so that the greater availability of suphur and soil moisture gave greater stem diameter and aerial biomass and better conservation of soil moisture. Sulphur and growth regulator MCI applied on the crops expressed greater diversity in genetic expression. The potato yield was correlated with total chloropyll content, CO2 assimilation as well as with stem diameter.
16. A. SINGH, U. S. BOSE, S. K. TRIPATHI AND U. K. RAJORIYA [Effect of growth regulators and starter solution on growth and yield of kharif onion]. Crop Res. 22 (2) : 232-235 (2001). J. N. K. V. V. College of Agriculture, Rewa-486 001 (M. P.) India
ABSTRACT
An experiment was carried out to study the effect of growth regulators viz., IAA and IBA with starter solution on growth and yield of kharif onion. Significant variation was recorded in the response of hormones and starter solution on yield traits and economics. IBA 30 ppm showed the best response in plant growth traits viz., height of the plant (63.00 cm), number of leaves (13.46), neck diameter (2.34 cm), fresh weight of plant (148.92 g), fresh weight of bulb (65.48 g) and yield per hectare (150.80 q) as compared to other treatments over check. Among starter solution nutrient combination NPK 12 : 24 : 24 gave the highest plant height (62.39 cm), number of leaves (13.21), neck diameter (2.33 cm), fresh weight of bulb (63.32 q) and yield per hectare (145.80 q) as compared to other tested starter solution over control. In regard to economics, optimum net return of Rs. 4387 was recorded in IBA followed by starter solution (NPK 12 : 24 : 24) Rs. 3520/ha.
17. M. MURUGAN AND G. GOPINATH [Influence of mulches on quality, flower yield and economics of crossandra (Crossandra undulaefolia salisb.) cv. Soundarya]. Crop Res. 22 (2) : 236-240 (2001). Division of Horticulture, G. K. V. K., University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore-560 065 (Karnataka), India
ABSTRACT
Studies were undertaken to know the influence of organic (dried leaves, coconut fronds, coir pith) and inorganic (black polyethylene : 25, 50 and 100 µ) mulches on growth and flowering of crossandra during 1999-2000 at HRS, GKVK, UAS, Bangalore. The quality and flowering attributes viz., lengths of spike at first and last flower opening stages, number of flowers per spike, number of spikes per plant and yield of flowers per plant and per hectare were significantly influenced by both organic and inorganic mulches. Black polyethylene mulch (25 or 50 or 100 µ) influenced in obtaining maximum length of spike at first and last flower opening stages, more number of flowers per spike, more number of spikes per plant and maximum yields of flowers per plant and per hectare. The highest benefit : cost ratio of 0.87 was obtained by mulching with black polyethylene of 25 µ.
18. R. K. MAITI, JUAN CARLOS DIAZ DIAZ AND JERONIMO GARCIA-GUZMAN [The methods of inducing germination, seedling development in the laboratory and propagation of two species of Mammillaria in green house culture]. Crop Res. 22 (2) : 241-247 (2001). Departamento de Quimica y Biologia, Universidad de las Americas-Puebla, Santa, Catarina Martir, Cholula, Apartado Postal-78, C. P. 72820, Puebla, México
ABSTRACT
The paper reports the development of an efficient technique of inducing germination of Mammillaria mammillaria and discusses the developmental phases of seedlings of this species. This technique could be used in the propagation and conservation of the species of cacti. This also describes different phases of the management of a green house for the propagation of different species of cacti and also suggests measures for the improvement of the system.
19. M. R. RAVIKUMAR, B. G. PRAKASH AND Y. M. SOMASEKHARA [Evaluation of fungicides against mulberry wilt (Fusarium sp.) in vitro and in vivo conditions]. Crop Res. 22 (2) : 248-250 (2001). Dryland Agriculture (ICAR), College of Agriculture, Bijapur-586 101 (Karnataka) India
ABSTRACT
Wilt of mulberry, incited by Fusarium spp., was reported at Regional Research Station, Bijapur during 1999-2000. The fungus, Fusarium spp. was isolated from the infected plant tissues and proved pathogenicity by artificial inoculation. Isolated fungus produced whitish colony and abundant micro- and macro-conidia with chlamydospores. Various fungicides were evaluated under laboratory and field conditions. The fungicides benomyl (0.1%), carbendazim (0.2%), blitox (0.2%) and calixin (0.2%) were found to be effective against mulberry wilt pathogen. Mulberry wilt was first noticed in Bijapur, Karnataka.
20. B. K. MOHANTY [Studies on variability, heritability, interrelationship and path analysis in kharif onion]. Crop Res. 22 (2) : 251-255 (2001). O. U. A. & T. Regional Research Station, Bhawanipatna-766 001 (Orissa), India
ABSTRACT
Genetic variability, interrelationship and path coefficients were studied in kharif onion crop involving 12 varieties. High heritability with moderate to high GCV and genetic gain were recorded for weight of bulb, neck thickness, bulb yield and number of leaves/plant which could be improved by simple selection. Bulb yield manifested positive and significant phenotypic and genotypic correlation with plant height, diameter and weight of bulb. Path analysis portrayed that weight and diameter of bulb had high positive direct effect on yield and relatively high and positive indirect effect through each other on yield. Other characters also exerted positive indirect effects via these traits on bulb yield suggesting to give emphasis on such characters while exercising selection for amenability in bulb yield of kharif onion crop.
21. POORAN CHAND AND M. GOVERDHAN [Estimation of genetic parameters for ratooning in an advanced generation of fodder sorghum]. Crop Res. 22 (2) : 256-258 (2001). ANGRAU Regional Agricultural Research Station, Palem-509 215, India
ABSTRACT
A study was carried out to assess the mean performance of the ratoon crop in the advanced generation of the cross SSG-59-3 and Jhonson’s grass (Sorghum halapense). The results indicated that there was significant reduction in biomass yield in ratoon crop, though it had increased the number of tillers. The intergeneration correlation study revealed no relationship between the main crop and ratoon crop. It was suggested that selections should be postponed to the later generation to isolate better genotypes with stepped up yield in ratoon crop over main crop.
22. M. S. NARWAL AND H. P. YADAV [Genetic evaluation of smut resistance in inbred lines of pearl millet (pennisetum glaucum L.)]. Crop Res. 22 (2) : 259-261 (2001). Department of plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004, India
ABSTRACT
Triple test cross analysis was applied to evaluate the genetic make-up of smut resistance in a set of 29 inbred lines of pearl millet. The experiment was based on two tester parents 81B and ICMPS 1500-7-3-2, which had extreme opposite reaction to smut. Crossing each line with both the parents and their F1 created three families of 29 crosses each. The development of smut was artificially caused by application of aqueous suspension of smut at the rate of 106 sporadia per ml at the boot leaf stage. The genes for smut resistance appeared dispersed among the inbred lines. The additive variance was mainly responsible for inheritance of smut. The non-additive genetic variance was detected only in the form of i-type epistasis (additive x additive). The gene effects indicated the possibility of success of selection in early generations for population improvement and inbred development. Transfer of smut resistance through backcross method was also recommended.
23. C. K. GUHA SARKAR, F. U. ZAMAN AND A. K. SINGH [Heterosis for yield and yield attributes in ‘WA’ type rice hybrids (Oryza sativa L.) on multilocation performance]. Crop Res. 22 (2) : 262-266 (2001). Division of Genetic, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012, India
ABSTRACT
To show the better performance of eight rice hybrids which include four each from basmati and non-basmati category, over their respective high yielding checks, standard heterosis was estimated on average performance over the different environments. Basmati hybrids PRH 22, PRH 12, PRH 10 and PRH 9 showed significant high positive heterosis for grain yield over the basmati locations (Delhi, Pantnagar, Karnal and Kaul) and non-basmati hybrids PRH 6, PRH 16, PRH 3 and PRH 21 showed high positive heterosis over all the 10 environments studied for the trait. The high positive heterotic values for grain yield in the non-basmati hybrids could be attributed mainly to increased number of productive tillers. Basmati hybrids PRH 22 and PRH 12 showed high positive heterosis for productive tillers and spikelet fertility that contributed to high heterotic values for grain yield. High mean heterosis obtained for most of the traits in desirable direction for both basmati and non-basmati hybrids showed the superiority of the hybrids over commercial varieties.
24. VINIT VYAS, A. K. NAGDA AND S. P. SHARMA [Heterosis for pod yield and its components in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)]. Crop Res. 22 (2) : 267-270 (2001). Department of plant Breeding & Genetics, Agricultural University, Udaipur-313 001 (Rajasthan), India
ABSTRACT
The six parents of groundnut were crossed in 6 x 6 diallel fashion (excluding reciprocals) during kharif 1999. The six parents and their 15 crosses alongwith check ‘TAG-24’ were grown at research Farm of Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur and raised in randomised block design with three replications during summer, 2000. Observations were recorded on dry pod yield alongwith 11 other characters viz., days to flowering, height of main axis, number of primary branches per plant, number of pods per plant, kernel yield per plant, 100-kernel weight, shelling per cent, haulm yield per plant, harvest index, oil content and protein content. The analysis of variance of experimental design revealed the significant differences existing among the genotypes, partitioning of genotypes viz., parents, hybrids and parents v/s hybrids for all the characters except days to flowering and height of main axis where mean squares due to parents were non-significant. The crosses GG-5 x ICGV 93465, GG-20 x ICGV 93465, GG-2 x GG-4 and GG-2 x GG-20 showed high heterosis over mid parent and better parent for dry pod yield per plant, kernel yield per plant and number of pods per plant. In addition to this, GG-2 x GG-4 also showed good heterotic cross for early flowering. These crosses in future can be exploited easily by simple conventional breeding programmes (Pedigree method.)
25. A. SAHA AND J. KABIR [Economic heterosis of some commercial hybrids of bhindi [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench]. Crop Res. 22 (2) : 271-273 (2001). Faculty of Horticulture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia (W. B.), India
ABSTRACT
Economic heterosis of different yield component characters of six commercial hybrids, namely, Hybrid Bhindi No. 7, Hybrid Bhindi No. 8, Nath Sobha-111, Vijay, Supriya and Pan Brand were studied with respect to average performance of five different varieties/cultivars i. e. Pusa Sawani, GOH-4, Parbhani Kranti, Arka Anamika and Sevendhari. All the commercial hybrids exhibited significant economic heterosis for yield (62.70-98.75%) and all yield component characters except number of branches per plant. Very high economic heterosis was, however, manifested for all the important characters in Hybrid Bhindi No. 7, Pan Brand and Supriya.
26. Y. RAVINDRABABU, A. R. PATHAK1 AND C. J. TANK [Studies on combining ability for yield and yield attributes in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. Crop Res. 22 (2) : 274-277 (2001). Department of plant Breeding & Genetics, Gujarat Agricultural University, Sardar Krushinagar-385 506 (Gujarat), India
ABSTRACT
A diallel set comprising 10 genetically diverse parents and their 35 hybrids was evaluated over three environments across two years. The combining ability analysis revealed that both additive as well as non-additive genetic effects were important for all the characters under study. However, preponderance of additive and additive x additive gene effects was noted for the characters studied. Parents GJ 39 and CSV 15 were best for grain yield, while hybrids GJ 39 x GJ 40, ICSV 700 x GJ 39 and GJ 39 x CSV 15 manifested high per se performance and could be exploited for their commercial utilisation.
27. A. RUTH BEULAH RANI AND N. RAMASWAMY [Correlation studies in open pollinated clones of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)]. Crop Res. 22 (2) : 278-281 (2001). Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai-625 104 (Tamil Nadu), India
ABSTRACT
In the present study, genotype correlation was computed in 21 open pollinated clones of cassava to find out the association of characters influencing the yield. A positive and significant correlation was exhibited by tuber weight, number of tubers per plant, tuber girth, tuber length, harvest index and stem girth with tuber yield per plant. The association of height at first branch, number of leaves per plant and plant height with tuber yield per plant was also positive but non-significant. The trait number of branches per plant was negatively related to tuber yield per plant.
28. B. H. HALASWANY, A. SEETHARAM, H. O. Bhushana AND R. S. KULKARNI [Study of three-way and respective single cross hybrids for their seed production potentiality in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)]. Crop Res. 22 (2) : 282-285 (2001). University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore-560 065, India
ABSTRACT
The present investigation was undertaken to study the seed production potentiality of single cross and three-way cross hybrids in sunflower. The cytoplasmic male sterile lines and their maintainer lines viz., CMS 234, CMS 207, CMS 338 and CMS 300 and the fertility restorer lines (RHA 274 and 6D-1) were used to effect crossing with sterile single cross hybrid to produce TWC hybrids. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the treatments for all the characters under study. the sterile single cross hybrid (234A x 207B) of TWC hybrid had larger head diameter (14.05 cm), maximum number of filled grains (878.38), 100-seed weight (3.59 g) and number of grains per plant (29.53) compared to respective CMS lines of SC hybrids. The hybrid seed yield in a sterile single cross female of a TWC hybrid recorded 30-60% higher than inbred female of SC hybrids. Hence, the advantage of TWC hybrids needs to be investigated.
29. S. S. MEHETRE, V. R. PATIL AND S. K. SHINDE [Cytomorphology of spontaneous haploid of Gossypium hirsutum L.]. Crop Res. 22 (2) : 286-294 (2001). All India Co-ordinated Cotton Improvement project, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (M. S.), India
ABSTRACT
Comparison of morphological characters of a haploid plant (2n=2x=26) and its tetraploid parent (2n=4x=52) was made. The reduction at haploid level was approximately 50% for almost all characters. Studies on the meiosis and pollen formation in this haploid plant indicated varying degrees of bivalents and chiasma/II were observed in first meiotic division. The number of microspores varied in different PMCs. The pollens formed were variable in size. The formation of bivalents was explained on the basis of intergenomic homology and gene controlled phenomenon.
30. RAGHURAJ SINGH, SARDAR SINGH AND KEDAR PRASAD [Effect of fertilizers, FYM and row spacing on transplanted rice]. Crop Res. 22 (2) : 295-296 (2001). Department of Agronomy, C. S. Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur-208 002 (U. P.), India
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted at C. S. Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur during kharif 1996 to study the effect of fertilizer and plant density in relation to FYM application on transplanted rice. The results indicated that highest dose of N180P90K90 kg/ha yielded 10.47 and 20.54% more grain than N150P75K75 and N120P60K60, respectively. Closer row spacing of 15 cm gave 3.8% more grain yield than 20 cm row spacing, whereas FYM @ 10 t/ha yielded 4.64% higher grain than control. None of the interaction effects was significant on grain yield.
31. MOHAMMED IKRAMULLAH AND D. RAKESH KUMAR [Influence of nitrogen on grain yield and quality traits of scented rice varieties under normal and late planting]. Crop Res. 22 (2) : 297-299 (2001). Department of Agronomy, Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500 030 (A. P.) India
ABSTRACT
The pre-released rice culture RNR 18833 produced 12% more grain yield than popular variety pusa Basmati-1. Delayed planting of 30 August reduced 41% grain production compared to normal (15 July), but improved quality traits like hulling, milling and head rice recovery, while reduced kernel length, L : B ratio and water uptake. Grain yield increased significantly upto 100 kg N ha-1; however, quality characters were not affected by nitrogen levels.
32. S. KUMAR AND D. BADIYALA [Effect of nitrogen on dry matter accumulation, yield, content and nutrient uptake of linseed varieties under utera system of cultivation]. Crop Res. 22 (2) : 300-302 (2001). Department of Agronomy, Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062 (H. P.), India
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted during rabi season of 1993-94 to study the effect of nitrogen on dry matter accumulation, yield, content and nutrient uptake of N, P and K on linseed varieties. The result indicated that the dry matter accumulation, seed yield as well as straw yield, content and uptake increased significantly with increasing levels of nitrogen. The highest values of these traits were found significant upto 90 kg N/ha. Similarly, gross return, net return and net return per rupee spent were also recorded significantly higher with 90 kg N/ha. Among the varieties of linseed, Surbhi was found superior to Nagarkot and Janaki in respect of dry matter accumulation, yield, content and nutrient uptake. The gross return, net return and net return per rupee spent were also obtained higher in case of Surbhi.
33. A. KALAMANI AND M. SAKILLA [Earhead variation in in vitro regenerants of ragi]. Crop Res. 22 (2) : 303-304 (2001). Department of Crop Improvement, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tiruchy-9 (Tamil Nadu), India
ABSTRACT
The in vitro regenerated plants cultured from seed explants of HR 541 were field evaluated in R1 generation. Three types of earheads were observed in R1 generation viz., curved, straight and top curved. Individual curved spike possessed about 7-12 long fingers and 5 to 35 short fingers. Many small projections with filled grains were also observed in this type of earhead. Straight earhead types had a few long and many short fingers. The top curved earhead fingers ranged from 5 to 6 and resembled the conventional earhead. The primary and secondary tillers produced curved and straight earheads, respectively. The tertiary tillers had thumb finger earhead types. The curved earheads had more number of fingers coupled with more grains giving the scope for yield improvement.
34. A. H. KHAN, R. D. VAISHYA, S. S. SINGH AND J. S. TRIPATHI [Crop residues are allelopathic to Phalaris minor]. Crop Res. 22 (2) : 305-306 (2001). Weed Control Laboratory, N. D. University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad-224 229 (U. P.), India
ABSTRACT
Pot study was conducted to determine the allelopathic potential of crop residues on Phalaris minor. Residues from mature harvested crops of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.) showed phytotoxic effect on germination and dry matter production of P. minor. Reduction in biomass production of P. minor was recorded 78, 60 and 47% due to residues of wheat, rice and sorghum, respectively, when compared with control.
35. MARIA LUISA CARDENAS-AVILA, R. K. MAITI1, MARIA JULIA VERDE-STAR, RAHIM FOROUGHBAKHCH, MARIA ADRIANA NUNEZ-GONZALEZ, GRACIELA GARCIA-DIAZ AND JORGE LUIS HERNANDEZ PINERO [In vitro induction of calli in bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L. var. Pinto Americano and its mineral profile]. Crop Res. 22 (2) : 307-310 (2001). Postgraduate Division, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, U. A. N. L., Apdo Postal F-16, C. P. 66450, San Nicolas de los Garza, N. L., Mexico
ABSTRACT
The objective of the present study is the induction of calli in vitro from the explants of hypocotyle, cotyledonary leaves and roots of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L var. Pinto Americano) obtained in vitro. The disinfection of the seeds was done in alcohol and sodium hypochlorite and were sown in agar medium. The medium was obtained from the seedlings in vitro and sown in a modified basal Murashige-Skoog medium and with five concentrations of 2, 4-D. The better results were obtained in the explants of hypocotyle (3 mg/1) and cotyledons (10 mg/1 of 2, 4-D). The accumulation of macro and micronutrients varied markedly between explants as well as between concentrations.