Volume 8, Number 1 (April 2007)

1. V. P. Singh, R. K. Maiti, Ch. Aruna Kumari and K. Kalpana [ Salinity tolerance in wheat : A review ]. Res. on Crops 8 (1) : 1-29 (2007). Department of Agronomy CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004 (Haryana), India

ABSTRACT

Salinity problem is becoming one of the serious and widespread problems prevalent in many agricultural systems. Best management practices can be adopted for improvement of productivity of wheat particularly grown under saline conditions only when there is adequate knowledge about the salinity yield responses. The present review article deals with the spatial distribution of salinity, its effect on growth of a wheat plant at different stages, on the uptake of mineral elements, physiological and biochemical mechanisms of tolerances, criteria for screening saline tolerant lines, genetics of saline tolerance, the genes identified towards salinity tolerance, etc.

2. V. P. Singh, R. K. Maiti, Ch. Aruna Kumari and K. Kalpana 2 [ Rice bran and rice bran oil : An important source of food for human health ]. Res. on Crops 8 (1) : 30 -36 (2007). Department of Agronomy CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar- 125 004 (Haryana), India

ABSTRACT

Rice bran, an abundant by-product of rice polishing, is an important source of food ingredients for human health. The rice bran varies in crude fibre, fat, ash and protein contents. Rice bran extracts contain antioxidant activities. Rice bran oil (RBO) is rich in monounsaturated fatty acid (43.1%) and contains desirable n-3 linolenic acid (2.3%). It also contains small amounts of alpha-tocopherol (66.1 ppm) and gamma-oryzanol (1.06%). They are effective in reducing cholestrol and blood glucose levels, and is a good supplement to other oils.

3. Sunita sheokand, veena sawhney and k. swaraj [ Genetic variability among legume genotypes for drought tolerance ]. Res. on Crops 8 (1) : 37 -40 (2007). Department of Botany and Plant Physiology CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004 (Haryana), India .

 

ABSTRACT

Drought limits pulse productivity in the semi-arid tropics by preventing the crop plants from expressing their full genetic potential. Three mechanisms, namely, escapism, avoidance and tolerance are involved in drought resistance. Different morpho-physiological and biochemical characters confer drought resistance. Morphological and physiological characters show different types of inheritance (monogenic and polygenic). Improving drought resistance in high yielding genotypes could be possible through incorporating morphological and physiological traits in breeding programme.

4. vikas gupta and r. s. sharma [ Saving of costly fertilizers through long term application of INM in rice ( Oryza sativa L.)-wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) cropping system ]. Res. on Crops 8 (1) : 41 -45 (2007). Department of Agronomy Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur-482 004 (M. P.), India .

ABSTRACT

A long term experiment was conducted on integrated nutrient management in rice-wheat system at Jabalpur (M. P.) during kharif season of 1987-88 to evaluate the most economically viable treatment on long run basis. The present paper deals with the studies during the years 2002-03 and 2003-04. Integrated use of 50% NPK and 50% N through green manuring of sunnhemp to rice followed by 100% NPK to wheat fetched the highest B : C ratio (2.40) and attained net monetary returns (Rs. 34,403/ha) followed by the treatment of 50% N+50% N through FYM to rice followed by 100% NPK to wheat (2.38 and Rs. 33,115/ha, respectively). Therefore, a saving of 50% NPK fertilizers could be achieved through different INM including integrated use of green manure or FYM or wheat straw with fertilizers by giving sustainable high productivity in rice-wheat system due to improvement in soil-health on long run basis

5. M . Hemalatha, v. thirumurugan and m. joseph [ Decomposition of combine harvested paddy straw and its influence on weed dynamics and yield of succeeding rice ]. Res. on Crops 8 (1) : 46 -51 (2007). Department of Agronomy T. N. A. U. Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai-625 104 (Tamil Nadu), India .

ABSTRACT

 

Field experiments were conducted during 1999-2000 and 2000-01 at Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai on effective utilization of combine harvested paddy straw and its decomposition (CO 2 evolution of soil) on weed population, weed dry matter production and yield of succeeding rice crop. The experiments were laid out in split plot design and replicated thrice with nine main plot treatments such as Silica Solubilizing Bacteria, Trichoderma and Pleurotus as microbial inoculants were imposed alone and in combinations and three levels of recommended potassium were adapted in the sub-plots. Preceding crop of combine harvested paddy straw @ 5.5 t/ha was in-situ incorporated at five days before transplanting. Incorporation of combine harvested paddy straw with Silica Solubilizing Bacteria, Trichoderma and Pleurotus showed faster decomposition at 14 days after transplanting (DAT) and recorded lesser weed population, weed DMP and higher yield of succeeding rice.

6. v. s. choudhary, vikrant singh, RAM PRASAD GOLA and satish kumar [ Wheat productivity as affected by integrated nutrient management ]. Res. on Crops 8 (1) : 52 – 54 (2007). Department of Agronomy C. C. S. S. D. S. (P. G.) College, Iglas, Aligarh (U. P.), India .

ABSTRACT

The field experiment was conducted at Iglas, Aligarh (U. P.). Application of vermi compost at the rate of 10 t/ha+120 kg N/ha and 15 t/ha+120 kg N/ha increased the yield attributes viz., effective tillers/m, row length, number of grains and 1000-seed weight and also grain, straw and biological yield significantly over other treatments. Vermi compost at the rate of 10 t/ha+120 kg N/ha and farmyard manure 15 t/ha+120 kg N/ha increased the grain yield by 202.4 and 155.5%, straw yield by 182.0 and 178.2% and biological yield by 190.1 and 184.7%, respectively, over control

7. v. n. gavhane, p. n. rasal, r. s. gorve and k. d. bhoite [ Influence of heat stress on heat susceptibility index for grain yield and thermal requirement of aestivum wheat ]. Res. on Crops 8 (1) : 55 -57 (2007). MPKV Agricultural Research Station, Niphad-422 303 (M. S.), India .

ABSTRACT

A field experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2003-04 to study the influence of heat stress conditions on heat susceptibility index for grain yield (S) and thermal requirement of different 25 wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes. The results revealed that the genotypes viz., PBW 498, 9 HTWYT-11, PBW 503 and HD 2808 with low values of ‘S’ were found to be heat tolerant types. The duration and thermal requirement for physiological maturity of all the genotypes reduced due to heat stress under late sown conditions. The genotypes RAJ 4014 and PBW 511 consumed minimum heat units, whereas the genotypes WH 736 and NW 2045 consumed maximum heat units for attaining the physiological maturity.

8. Sukhvinder singh, s. s. mahal, avtar singh and h. s. uppal [ Yield and yield attributes of bed planted wheat as affected by irrigation and fertilizer levels ]. Res. on Crops 8 (1) : 58 -61 (2007). Department of Agronomy, Agrometeorology and Forestry Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141 004 ( Punjab ), India .

ABSTRACT

Field experiments were conducted on loamy sand soil to find out the effect of irrigation and fertilizer on yield and yield parameters of bed planted wheat during 1997-98 and 1998-99 at Ludhiana . In 1997-98, heavy rainfall (10.71 cm) was received during second week of December at CRI stage and 10.37 cm rainfall was received from mid February to mid March, whereas in 1998-99, 4.17 cm rainfall was during January out of total 5.79 cm rainfall. The field capacity and 15 bar tension storages 0 to 180 cm soil profile were 33.6 and 11.11 cm. The soil of the experimental site was low in available N, P and K which was 177.3 & 186.7 N, 12.8 & 13.4 P 2 O 5 and 245.6 & 260.4 kg K 2 O /ha during 1997-98 and 1998-99, respectively. The experiments were laid out in randomized block design with four replications keeping gross plot size 2.70 x 10 m. Treatments comprised five irrigation levels i. e. irrigation application at IW/CPE ratio of 0.65, 0.80, 0.95, 1.10 in bed planted (IW=5.0 cm) wheat and 1.0 in flat sown wheat (IW=7.5 cm) and three levels of fertilizer application of 75, 100 and 125% of the recommended fertilizer dose (125 kg N, 62.5 kg P 2 O 5 and 30 kg K 2 O/ha). Among the different irrigation levels, application of four irrigations in bed planted wheat with 5 cm irrigation depth in IW/CPE ratio of 0.95 and 1.0 and three irrigations in flat sown wheat with 7.5 cm irrigation depth (IW/CPE ratio 1.0) gave significantly higher grain yield over application of three irrigations in bed planted wheat (IW/CPE ratio 0.65) during dry year of 1998-99. The treatment of IW/CPE ratio 1.10 produced 15.6 and 10.6% higher grain yield over IW/CPE ratio 0.65 and 0.80, respectively. Results also revealed that IW/CPE ratio 0.95, 1.10 and 1.00 flat proved equally effectie in producing maximum grain yields. Similar effect of different irrigation levels was also observed on yield attributes like number of effective tillers and 1000-grain weight. The effect of different irrigation levels in 1997-98 was found to be non-significant due to excessive rainfall (23.1 cm). Yield contributing characters and grain yield were reduced significantly with 25% lesser application of fertilizer than recommended fertilizer dose. The reduction in grain yield under 25% lesser dose of fertilizer was 10.3 and 9.3% as compared to recommended dose of fertilizer during wet and dry year, respectively. Application of 25% extra fertilizer did not exhibit any significant change over the recommended dose of fertilizer during both the years.

9. v. s. choudhary, vikrant singh, RAM PRASAD GOLA and satish kumar [ Influence of integrated nutrient management on the physiological growth of wheat ]. Res. on Crops 8 (1) : 62-64 (2007). Department of Agronomy C. C. S. S. D. S. (P. G.) College, Iglas, Aligarh (U. P.), India .

ABSTRACT

The field experiment conducted at Agronomy Research Farm of C. C. S. S. D. S. (P. G.), College, Iglas, Aligarh (U. P.) during 2004-05 on sandy loam soil in integrated nutrient management with vermicompost and farmyard manure in combination with urea comprising 10 treatments was studied to see the effect of integrated nutrient management on physiological growth of wheat crop. Leaf area, leaf area index (LAI), leaf area duration (LAD), crop growth rate (CGR) and relative growth rate (RGR) were significantly increased due to application of various treatments. Maximum LAI, LAD, CGR and RGR were recorded where vermicompost at the rate of 10 t/ha+120 kg N/ha followed by treatments where FYM at the rate of 15 t/ha+120 kg N/ha were applied. Minimum leaf area was recorded where no fertilizer was used.

10. m. k. jatav, pankaj kumar, r. c. verma and mahesh kumar [ Content and total uptake of nutrients (Ca, Mg, Na, Zn and Fe) in grain and straw of wheat in treated sodic soil as affected by SAR iw , Zn and Fe application ]. Res. on Crops 8 (1) : 65-71 (2007). Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science MPUAT Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur (Rajasthan), India .

ABSTRACT

Pot experiment was conducted during the rabi season of 1999-2001 on wheat crop. Sodic soil of the area was brought from Vallabhnagar ( Udaipur , Raj.). The soils treated with two levels of irrigation water and four levels of Zn and Fe revealed that yield of grain and straw increased significantly with rise in the levels of Zn and Fe, while application of sodic water decreased significantly. The Ca, Mg, Zn and Fe content in grain and straw as well as its uptake decreased significantly. Application of different doses of zinc and iron was found non-significant on content (Ca, Mg and Na) but their uptake increased significantly. Zinc content increased significantly with zinc levels but not by different levels of iron. However, iron content and uptake increased significantly by the application of different levels of iron, while different levels of zinc decreased significantly the iron content in grain and straw as well as its uptake.

11. Parveen Kumar, Harbir Singh, R. S. Hooda and V. P. Singh [ Effect of different nitrogen levels and biofertilizers on crop productivity, soil properties and rhizosphere micro flora under pearl millet-wheat cropping system ]. Res. on Crops 8 (1) : 72-76 (2007). Department of Agronomy CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004 (Haryana), India .

ABSTRACT

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of different levels of nitrogen and biofertilizers on crop productivity, some of the chemical soil properties and rhizosphere micro flora under pearl millet-wheat cropping system. Application of 125% RDN being at par with 100% RDN+biomix gave the higher grain yield than individual inoculation of biofertilizers ( Azotobacter, Azospirillum and PSB) with 75 and 100% RDN and absolute control. In general, different treatments did not bring about any significant variation in organic carbon content and pH of soil. Use of biofertilizers and biomix with 75 and 100% RDN increased the nutrient status of the soil over absolute control, 75 and 100% RDN. The treatments involving different biofertilizers alongwith fertilizer nitrogen improved the microbial population (Azotobacter, Azospirillum and PSB) as compared to fertilizer nitrogen alone. Evaluation of effect of different levels of nitrogen and biofertilizers on rhizosphere micro flora revealed that the population of different microbial groups was more at 30 DAS as compared to at harvest.

12. Parveen Kumar, Harbir Singh, R. S. Hooda and V. P. Singh [ Effect of nitrogen levels and biofertilizers on productivity, nutrient content and uptake under pearl millet-wheat cropping system ]. Res. on Crops 8 (1) : 77-82 (2007). Department of Agronomy CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004 (Haryana), India .

ABSTRACT

A field experiment was conducted during kharif and rabi seasons of 2003 and 2004 to study the effect of combinations of varying levels of nitrogen [100% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN), 75 and 125% RDN] and biofertilizers [Azotobacter, Azospirillum, PSB and their mixed inoculation (Azotobacter+Azospirillum+PSB–Biomix] on productivity and N, P and K uptake of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. Emend Stuntz] and wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.) Fiori & Paol] crops. Application of 125% RDN being at par with 100% RDN+biomix recorded higher grain and stover yield and nutrient contents and uptake in pearl millet. The results revealed that 75 and 100% RDN either with PSB, Azospirillum or biomix increased grain and stover yield over absolute control, 75 and 100% RDN alone. Favourable effects of these treatments were also recorded on grain and straw yield and N, P and K contents and uptake of wheat grown in sequence.

13. Jaidev singh, harbir singh, r. s. hooda and v. p. singh [ Response of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. Emend. Stuntz] hybrids to varying nitrogen+phosphorus applications ]. Res. on Crops 8 (1) : 83- 85 (2007). Department of Agronomy CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004 (Haryana), India .

ABSTRACT

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy ( kharif) season of 2005 on a sandy loam soil at Research Farm, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, to study the response of some pearl millet hybrids (HHB-67 Improved, HHB-94 and HHB-197) to varying levels of nitrogen (N)+phosphorus (P 2O 5) under irrigated condition. Pearl millet hybrid HHB-197 gave markedly higher grain yield (2913 kg/ha), HHB-94 and HHB-67 Improved. Application of 160 kg N+80 kg P 2O 5/ha, being at par with 120 kg N+60 kg P 2O 5/ha, resulted in higher grain and stover yield than rest of the N+P 2O 5 levels. The economic optimum dose for HHB-94 and HHB-197 came to be 105.37 kg N+25.95 kg P 2O 5/ha and 89.73 kg N+22.09 kg P 2O 5/ha, respectively.

14. santosh mujalde, harbir singh, R. s. hooda, a. l. patel and v. p. singh [ Effect of irrigation schedules on seed yield and economics of seed production of H 90/4-5 (male parent of pearl millet hybrid HHB-50) during summer ]. Res. on Crops 8 (1) : 86-88 (2007). Department of Agronomy CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004 (Haryana), India .

ABSTRACT

A field experiment was conducted during the summer season of 2002 on sandy loam soil at Research Farm of Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, to study the effect of irrigation schedules on seed yield and economics of seed production of H 90/4-5 (male parent of hybrid HHB-50) pearl millet during summer 2002. The seed and stover yields with three irrigations, one each at tillering, flowering and milking, were significantly higher and each successive decrease in number of irrigations resulted in significant reduction in these. Increase in number of irrigations improved the economics of pearl millet seed production in terms of gross monetary returns, net returns and benefit : cost ratio.

15. karmal singh, harbir singh, r. s. hooda, r. k. pannu and v. p. singh [ Nitrogen levels, times of application and weed management effects on yield and nutrients uptake by pearl millet ]. Res. on Crops 8 (1) : 89-92 (2007). Department of Agronomy CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004 (Haryana), India .

ABSTRACT

A field experiment was conducted during rainy ( kharif ) seasons of 2003 and 2004 to study the effect of levels, times of nitrogen application and weed management on yield and nutrients uptake of pearl millet. Increasing levels of nitrogen significantly improved the grain, stover yield and N, P and K uptake of pearl millet. The increases in mean grain yield due to 60, 120 and 180 kg N/ha over no nitrogen–control were 30.89, 41.75 and 47.75%, respectively. Two (1/2 basal at sowing+1/2 at tillering stage) and three (1/2 basal at sowing+1/4 at tillering+1/4 at milking stage) splits of N recorded significantly higher grain yield and nutrients uptake than full basal application at sowing. Among weed management treatments, weed-free check (mechanical) and atrazine @ 0.5 kg a. i./ha (pre-emergence) recorded significantly higher grain yield and nutrients uptake over weedy check.

16. omraj meena, h. r. khafi, m. a. shekh, asha c. mehta and b. k. davda [ Response of rabi maize (Zea mays L.) to vermicompost and nitrogen levels ]. Res. on Crops 8 ( 1) : 93- 94 (2007). Department of Agronomy Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh-362 001 ( Gujarat ), India .

ABSTRACT

A field experiment was conducted on medium calcareous soil of the Instructional Farm, Junagadh Agricultural University , Junagarh ( Gujarat ) during the season of 2005-06 to study the response of rabi maize (Zea mays L.) to vermicompost and nitrogen levels. The 16 treatment combinations consisting of four levels of nitrogen viz., 0, 40, 80 and 120 kg/ha and four levels of vermicompost viz., 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 t/ha were tested in a factorial randomized block design. The results indicated that yield attributes viz., number of grains per plant, grain weight per plant, number of cobs per plant, cob length (cm) and cob diameter (cm) increased significantly with application of nitrogen 120 kg N/ha. Application of 120 kg N/ha resulted in highest grain (5432 kg/ha), straw (5962 kg/ha) yields and net realization as compared to other treatments. Manuring the rabi maize with 1.5 t vermicompost/ha recorded remarkably higher yield, yield attributes and net realization. Significantly highest grain (5698 kg/ha) and straw (6031 kg/ha) yields were recorded with 15 t vermicompost/ha, however, application of 1.0 t vermicompost/ha remained equally effective in straw yield.

17. a. s. channabasavanna, m. hegde and d. p. biradar [ Evaluation of poultry manure in combination with inorganic fertilizers for its productivity, sustainability and economic feasibility in maize ]. Res. on Crops 8 (1) : 95-98 (2007). Agricultural Research Station, Siruguppa-583 121 (Karnataka), India .

ABSTRACT

A field experiment was conducted from 2000-01 to 2003-04 at Agricultural Research Station, Siruguppa, to evaluate poultry manure (PM) in combination with inorganic fertilizers for its productivity, sustainability and economic feasibility of maize cultivation. The main plot treatments consisted of four levels of PM (1, 2, 3 and 4 t/ha) compared with no poultry manure and farm yard manure (FYM) @ 10 t/ha. The sub-plot treatments consisted of three levels of NPK (50, 75 and 100% NPK). The data revealed that application of PM maintained higher productivity, sustainability and was highly economical. Between PM and FYM, PM was superior. The pooled data over four years indicated that application of PM @ 1 t/ha with 100% NPK (150 : 75 : 75 kg/ha) to maize was optimum which recorded significantly higher seed yield, net returns and B : C ratio. The production efficiency and sustainable yield index were higher with the application of PM @ 1 t/ha and at 100% NPK.

18. M. m. amanullah, a. alagesan, s. pazhanivelan and k. vaiyapuri [ Effect of organic manures on the yield and quality of fodder maize (Zea mays L.) ]. Res. on Crops 8 (1) : 99-103 (2007). Department of Agronomy Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003 (Tamil Nadu), India .

ABSTRACT

Field experiments were conducted to find out the effect of organic manures on growth, yield and quality of fodder maize at Veterinary College and Research Institute Farm, Namakkal during 2001 and 2002. Six organic manurial treatments viz., FYM (25 t/ha), poultry manure (10 t/ha), composted poultry manure (10 t/ha), FYM (12.5 t/ha)+poultry manure (5 t/ha), FYM (12.5 t/ha)+composted poultry manure (5 t/ha) alongwith control (no organic manure) were tried. The treatments were fitted in randomised block plot design replicated thrice. The popular fodder vareity of maize (var. African Tall) was tried as test crop. The results revealed that all the organic manurial treatments recorded better growth and yield compared to control. These treatments also had better quality parameters, higher nutrient uptake and post-harvest soil nutrients. Composted poultry manure had the highest yield and quality.

19. R. SHARMA, K. S. THAKUR AND P. CHOPRA [ Response of nitrogen and spacing on production of Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata) under mid-hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh ]. Res. on Crops 8 (1) : 104-106 (2007). Shivalik Agricultural Research Farm and Extension Centre, Kangra (Himachal Pradesh), India .

ABSTRACT

Field investigation was conducted at the Research Farm of CSK HPKV, Shivalik Agricultural Research Farm and Extension Centre, Kangra during rabi 2001-02 to study the response of nitrogen and spacing on production of Ethiopian mustard. Increase in the nitrogen levels upto 60 kg N/ha consistently and significantly increased number of primary branches per plant, number of seeds per siliqua and 1000-seed weight, while this increase was upto 90 kg N/ha for number of secondary branches per plant, number of siliquae per plant, seed and straw yield. Maximum B : C ratio of 3.03 was obtained from 90 kg N/ha application. Sowing the crop at 45 cm spacing being statistically at par with 60 cm significantly increased all yield contributing characters except number of primary branches and 1000-seed weight. Forty-five cm spacing resulted in highest B : C ratio of 2.76.

20. p. chopra and j. p. saini [ Effect of post-emergence weed control on production and economics of gobhi sarson (Brassica napus L.) ]. Res. on Crops 8 ( 1 ) : 107 – 109 (200 7 ). Department of Agronomy CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062 (Himachal Pradesh), India .

ABSTRACT

To evaluate different post-emergence herbicides, field experiment was conducted during rabi seasons of 1999-2000 and 2000-01. Among post-emergence herbicides clodinafop-methyl 0.15 kg/ha being statistically alike to pendimethalin 1.5 kg/ha (standard check) and two hand weedings was the best in recording significantly lower dry matter of weeds and higher seed yield. Diclofop-methyl 1.0 kg/ha being at par with fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 0.15 kg/ha was the next best in this regard. From economical view point, diclofop-methyl 1.0 kg/ha and fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 0.15 kg/ha with B : C ratio of 2.24, 2.18 and 2.67, 2.18 during first and second year of study, respectively, were the best among different post-emergence herbicides tested.

21. P. N. RASAL, V. N. GAVHANE, R. S. GORVE AND K. D. BHOITE [ Flowering pattern and its impact on pod yield of kharif groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) ]. Res. on Crops 8 (1) : 110-112 (2007). MPKV Agricultural Research Station, Niphad- 422 303 (M. S.), India .

ABSTRACT

Two field experiments consisting of 23 genotypes of bunch groundnut and 17 genotypes of virginia groundnut were conducted separately during kharif season of 2004 with an object to study the flowering pattern and its impact on pod yield. It was revealed that in bunch type of groundnut, the genotype JLW 116 produced significantly higher pod yield of 9.66 g/plant followed by JLW 117 and JLW 114 (8.33 g/plant). In virginia type of groundnut, the genotype JLW 27 produced significantly higher pod yield by JLW 11 and JLW 20. Higher pod yield in all these genotypes was attributed to their maximum efficiency of pod formation and higher number of pods produced/plant. Higher fruit set per cent i. e. higher efficiency of pod formation in these genotypes determined the potential of productivity by producing higher number of pods/plant. The genotypes showed differential flowering patterns as the genotypic variations in respect of flowering span and total number of flowers produced/plant were observed in the present investigation.

22. k. r. chavhan, s. u. nemade, varsha apotikar, jaya giri and a. b. bagde [ Economics and nutrient uptake as influenced by integrated nutrient management in soybean-sunflower crop sequence ]. Res. on Crops 8 (1) : 113- 115 (2007). National Agricultural Research Project Central Vidarbha Zone, Waghapur Road , Yavatmal-445 001 ( Maharashtra ), India .

ABSTRACT

Field experiment was undertaken during 2002-03 at Oilseeds Research Unit Farm of Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola to study the effect of different treatments on soybean in soybean-sunflower crop sequence under nutrient management. Results indicated that treatment NPK (RDF)+FYM 5 t/ha (T 7) and treatment 100% RDF+S+B+Zn (T 10) in sunflower gave the highest seed, straw and biological yield being at par with 100% RDF+S @ 20 kg/ha (T 8).

23. E. A. Akinrinde, G. O. Obigbesan, G. Neumann and V. Romheld [ Organic acid exudation and rhizosphere pH changes in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) varieties grown on an acid Alumi-haplic-acrisol ]. Res. on Crops 8 (1) : 116-120 (2007). Institut fur Pflanzenernahrung (330) Universitaat Hohenheim 70593, Stuttgart , Germany .

ABSTRACT

In acid soils, plants are exposed to stress factors like low pH and phosphorus (P) deficiency. In a rhizobox experiment, biomass production, rhizosphere-alkalinization and root exudation of carboxylates in five cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) genotypes were investigated, with or without P-application, to elucidate P-acquisition mechanisms by the crop in an acid (pH 4.6) Alumi-haplic-acrisol. Under P-limitation, improved genotype EPACE 10 and local varieties (SEMPERE-VERDE and SANTO-INACIO) exhibited significant (P<0.05) root biomass increases compared with P-treated plants. Contrarily, genotype “CARIOCA” had reduced root biomass. Root length declined in all genotypes, except EPACE 10 and CANAPU, which showed increases. Rhizosphere-pH measurements with antimony-microelectrodes revealed distinct increases (1-2 pH units) compared with bulk soil pH, particularly at the root tip, with strongest expression in P-sufficient plants. Rhizosphere-alkalinization reached pH 6.1 in “EPACE 10” independent of the P-status and pH 5.3-5.5 in “CANAPU”. In other genotypes, rhizosphere-pH of P-deficient plants increased only to pH 4.5-5.1, which is critical for Al-toxicity in acid soils. The ability to increase pH in apical root zones, above the critical level for Al-toxicity, might contribute to Al-tolerance differences among cowpea genotypes in acid soils. Limited rhizosphere-alkalinization under P-deficient conditions, as an additional stress factor in acidic soils, could explain the root length reduction in susceptible genotypes. Nevertheless, Al-chelating carboxylates released in the rhizosphere soil solution could not explain the genotypic differences observed in this study.

24. M. mohamed amanullah, k. vaiyapuri, s. pazhanivelan and a. alagesan [ Effect of organic manures on the yield and quality of fodder cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. ]. Res. on Crops 8 (1) : 121-125 (2007). Department of Agronomy Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003 (Tamil Nadu), India .

ABSTRACT

Field experiments were conducted to find out the effect of organic manures on growth, yield and quality of fodder cowpea at Veterinary Collage and Research Institute Farm, Namakkal during 2001 and 2002. Six organic manurial treatments viz., FYM (25 t/ha), poultry manure (10 t/ha), composted poultry manure (10 t/ha), FYM (12.5 t/ha)+poultry manure (5 t/ha), FYM (12.5 t/ha)+composted poultry manure (5 t/ha) alongwith control (no organic manure) were tried. The treatments were fitted in randomised block plot design replicated thrice. The popular fodder variety of cowpea (var. CO 5) was tried as test crop. The results revealed that all the organic manurial treatments recorded better growth and yield compared to control. These treatments also had better quality parameters, higher nutrient uptake and post-harvest soil nutrients. Composted poultry manure had the highest yield and quality.

25. d. ravikumar, k. ashoka reddy, t. chikkaramappa and k. s. rajashekarappa [ Evaluation of Koralahallihalla watershed development in Sindagi taluk of Bijapur district using satellite remote sensing and geographical information system (GIS) ]. Res. on Crops 8 (1) : 126-130 (2007). Karnataka State Remote Sensing Application Centre (KSRSAC), Bangalore-560 034 (Karnataka), India .

ABSTRACT

Impact assessment of watershed development activity assumes greater importance and it involves the efforts of many departments. It is necessary to holistically assess and evaluate the long term and short term effects of developmental activities through reliable methods. Considering the ability of remote sensing technology in watershed monitoring and impact assessment, a study was carried out on “Impact Assessment of Karnataka Watershed Development Project (DANIDA) in Koralahallihalla Sub-watershed” using satellite data of two periods i. e. IRS 1C, LISS-III data of December, 1997 (pre-treatment) and IRS P 6, LISS-III data of December, 2004 (post-treatment). The land use/land cover classes were derived from the supervised classification using ERDAS IMAGINE software. The results revealed that there had been no major shift in cropping patterns over a period of seven years (1997-2004). However, rabi crop area has decresed drastically (186.58 ha), which might be due to the continuous droughts that occurred during the implementation period. On the other hand, kharif and double crop area have increased marginally (102.72 and 95.51 ha, respectively). Increase in double crop area showed that there was increase in irrigated land, which was earlier being used as rainfed and wastelands turned to cultivation as seen in valleys of the sub-watershed. Wastelands in the sub-watershed have decreased marginally (35.77 ha). The vegetation vigour of the sub-watershed has been derived from the NDVI maps of both the periods using ILWIS software. These NDVI maps indicate that there was a significant change in biomass status of the sub-watershed. Thus, the remotely sensed data have the potential to provide information regarding the condition of the features on the surface of the earth as well as for change detection studies.

26. P. P. PETHAKAR, A. V. BULBULE, R. V. KULKARNI AND S. R. PATIL [ Effect of Trichoderma viride on decomposition of agricultural wastes and quality of compost ]. Res. on Crops 8 (1) : 131-135 (2007). Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science College of Agriculture, Kolhapur-416 004 ( Maharashtra ), India .

ABSTRACT

Incubation studies on decomposition of crop residues revealed that the evolution of CO 2 was rapid during 1-30 days, and slowed down after 30 days. Amongst the different crop residues studied, sugarcane trash recorded significantly lowest quantities of CO 2 evolved during the periods of 30 days (15.44 g/100 g), in comparison with paddy straw which recorded highest evolution of CO 2 (18.00 g/100 g). Findings on mineralization of nitrogen revealed that quantities of nitrate mineralized exceeded the quantities of ammonical nitrogen in all crop residues except paddy straw. The highest quantity of nitrogen released was recorded by the sunflower husk (19.0 mg/100 g), while the paddy straw released the lowest quantities of nitrogen (8.2 mg/100 g). Nutrient content of crop residues after 90 days of incubation revealed that the organic carbon content of paddy straw was highest (30.22%), while the Udid straw (16.87%) had lowest contents of organic carbon. Highest nitrogen content in the residue was recorded by Udid straw (1.46%), whereas sugarcane trash (0.83%) was lowest in nitrogen contents after 90 days of incubation.

27. b. r. singh, mudit chandra, ravikant agarwal and n. babu [ Effect of Salmonella contamination on soil fertility ]. Res. on Crops 8 (1) : 136-140 (2007). National Salmonella Centre (Vet.), Bio-Engineering Building Division of Bacteriology and Mycology Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, India .

ABSTRACT

In the study on effect of contamination of soil with four different strains of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhimurium, significant reduction in germination of maize seed was observed in presence (>10 7 cfu Salmonella of g -1) of the pathogen. Salmonella was inhibitorier for germination of corn seeds in sandy soil than in loam soil at the same level of contamination. Similar inhibition of germination of seed of cowpea and mungbean was observed in Solmonella contaminated (4.83 x 10 7 cfu Salmonella of g -1) soil. Of the three kinds of seeds, mungbean seed germination inhibition was the most evident and the least affected ones were the cowpea seeds. On 21st day of plant age, Salmonella could only be detected in cowpea and mungbean plants. However, Salmonella persisted in equally large number (3.06 to 4.24 log 10cfu g -1) on stumps of all the three crops.

28. R. k. maiti , ch. aruna kumari, k. kalpana and satinder singh [ Genotypic variability among wheat varieties for salinity and osmotic stress tolerance ]. Res. on Crops 8 (1) : 141-146 (2007). Vibha Agrotech Ltd. 501, Subhan Sirisampada, Rajbhavan Road Samajiguda, Hyderabad-500 082 (A. P.), India

ABSTRACT

In the first experiment, 23 genotypes of wheat were evaluated for salinity tolerance at emergence and seedling vigour. Among all the genotypes of wheat variety-89, 105, 114, 37, 111, 129 and 123 were more vigorous than other varieties. Almost all wheat genotypes were tolerant to saline concentrations of 0.1 M NaCl. Out of which only four wheat genotypes viz., variety-10, 37, 123 and 128 were found tolerant to higher concentration of saline solution of 0.15 M NaCl. Highest mean emergence was observed in variety-114 (95.5%) and in variety-111 (94.4%) at 0.1 M NaCl. In V-38, 70-80% reduction in emergence percentage was observed with 0.1 M NaCl. Among the four tolerant genotypes, variety-128 was highly tolerant to higher saline conditions (0.15 M NaCl) and had put forth a root length of 6.46 cm at this concentration indicating that this genotype can extract water even under saline conditions. In the second experiment, 23 different wheat genotypes were evaluated to different levels of osmotic stress. All wheat lines were vigorous. At an osmotic potential of -8 Mpa, maximum germination per cent (93.3%) was observed in variety-37 and lowest germination per cent (70%) was found in varieties-53 and 78. At -2 Mpa lowest germination per cent (83.3%) was observed in variety-111. At moderate levels of moisture stress (-5 Mpa) germination per cent above 80 was recorded in eight genotypes i. e. entry no. 38, 41, 51, 53, 105, 111, 122 and 129. Twelve genotypes were found to be highly tolerant to moderate levels of osmoticum (-5 MPa) viz., entry no. 4, 10, 37, 59, 89, 101, 103, 114, 115, 123, 128 and 135.

29. R. kannan, V. r. k. Reddy and k. thamayanthi [ Improvement of Indian hexaploid wheat. I. Induced mutations ]. Res. on Crops 8 (1) : 147-150 (2007). Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Botany Bharathiar University , Coimbatore – 641 046, India .

ABSTRACT

Three physical mutagens viz., Laser rays (0.5, 1 and 1.5 min), UV rays (10, 20 and 30 min) and X-rays (10, 20 and 30 kR) were used to evaluate various biological, cytological and quantitativeharactersinM 1 generation in two hexaploid wheat cultivars PBW 226 and WH 542. Per cent lethality, seedling injury, stomatal index, stomatal aberrations, chlorophyll variants and pollen sterility were increased, while seed germination, seedling survival and seedling height were decreased. Frequency of cytological aberrations such as quadrivalents/trivalents, univalents, laggards, bridges/fragments and micronuclei increased with increase in the dose and duration of the mutagen, while chiasma tended to decrease with similar trend. The mean values of quantitative parameters such as plant height, number of tillers per plant, spike length, spikelets per spike, seeds per spike, grain yield per plant and 100-grain weight were shifted in negative direction. Among the three mutagens, laser irradiation needs to be more effective in causing variation in the genotype. Between the two wheat genotypes, the variety PBU 226 was found more sensitive to the mutagens than WH 542. The differential mutagenic sensitivity between the two genotypes was explained on the basis of more nuclear DNA content in PBW 226.

30.S. Premalatha and V. r. k. reddy [ Allelic variation of high molecular weight glutenin subunits in some Indian hexaploid wheat cultivars ]. Res. on Crops 8 (1) : 151-154 (2007). Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Botany Bharathiar University, Coimbatore-641 046 (Tamil Nadu), India

ABSTRACT

Baking quality is a key factor in the development of improved wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars and it is associated with a specific protein fraction known as High Molecular Weight (HMW) glutenin. In the present study, seed samples of 32 cultivars of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) were analyzed for their allelic variations of High Molecular Weight Glutenin Subunits (HMW-glutenin) by Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Poly Acrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Allelic subunits were designated on the basis of the numbering system. A total of nine alleles were identified in all the 32 cultivars. The allele Glu-D1 coding for subunits 2+12 had a Glu score of 2 it was responsible for poor quality of wheat flour, and subunits 5+10 had a glutenin score of 4, which gave good quality of wheat flour. The Glu-D1 ‘a’ allele (2+12) was present in nine wheat cultivars and the subunits 5+10 (Glu-D1 ‘d’ allele) were present in 19 cultivars. Positive correlation between Glu-1 score and SDSS was found.

31. s. premalatha and v. r. k. reddy [ Evaluation of resistance to rusts in some wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum) and distribution of genes for hybrid necrosis ]. Res. on Crops 8 (1) : 155-159 (2007). Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Botany Bharathiar University , Coimbatore-641 046 (Tamil Nadu), India .

ABSTRACT

Eighty-two stocks of wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum) were crossed to two testers, namely, C 306 and Klein Lucero to determine their genotypic status with reference to their necrosis (Ne 1 and Ne 2) genes. They were also evaluated for resistance to all the three wheat rusts, stem rust, leaf rust and stripe rust. Study resulted that eight stocks were Ne 1 carriers, 35 stocks were Ne 2 carriers and remaining 39 were found non-carriers of necrosis genes. Wheat stocks processing Aegilops derived alien genes Lr9, Lr28, Lr32 and Lr37, and Agropyron elongatum derived alien genes Lr19, Lr24, Sr24, Sr25 and Sr26, conditioned high degree of resistance. The Secale cereal derived alien genes (Sr27, Lr25 and Sr31) conditioned high degree of resistance. The gene Lr37 showed a high degree of resistance in adult plants, while the rust resistance genes Sr38 and Yr17 exhibited a moderate resistance to moderate susceptible degree of resistance. Lr21 from Aegilops squarrosa conferred moderate degree of resistance to leaf rust at adult plant stages, Sr21 and with Sr33 the true linked genes with Lr21, conferred moderate resistance. Sr30 and Sr37 derived from alien gene of Triticum timopheevi showed moderate resistance to stem rust. Sr36 and Sr44 conferred high degree of resistance to stem rust. The gene Yr9, and their rye derivative, also linked with Lr26 and Sr31 showed high degree of resistance to stripe rust; Sr31 provided resistance reaction, while Lr26 was found to be susceptible to leaf rust.

32. r. kannan, k. thamayanthi and v. r. k. reddy [ Changes in enzymatic activities in near-isogenic wheat lines carrying various rust resistance genes ]. Res. on Crops 8 (1) : 160-165 (2007). Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Botany Bharathiar University , Coimbatore-641 046 (Tamil Nadu), India .

ABSTRACT

Studies on changes in the enzymatic activities of peroxidase, polyphenol oxides, catalase and lipoxygenase in the leaves of 25-day old plant of rust susceptible wheat parents and representative rust resistant near-isogenic wheat lines viz., HS 240 (Lr9, Lr19 and Sr24), HD 2402 (Lr28, Sr28, Yr9, Yr15 and Yr17), HD 2009 (Lr38 and Lr44), HP 1102 (Lr40 and Lr45) inoculated with respective rust pathogens showed altered enzymatic activity. Constituted lines carrying specific rust resistance gene when inoculated with specific respective rust races showed higher peroxidase activity compared to healthy controls during 2-7 days after post-inoculation. A change in the intensity of isoenzyme bands of peroxidase enzyme during electrophoretic separation was also noted. The activity of polyphenol oxidase showed an increase in all near isogenic lines during 3-7 days of post-inoculation, while it showed declined activity in the susceptible parents. Catalase showed a reverse trend. The overall activity of catalase was higher in susceptible wheat parents than resistant near isogenic lines. The activity of lipoxygenase increased both in susceptible wheat parents and their rust resistant near isogenic lines after two days of inoculation, but subsequently declined towards seven days after inoculation in resistant plant, whereas consistent increase was noticed in the susceptible parents.

33. SAPNA SRIVASTAVA and GIRJESH KUMAR [ Effect of Calotropis extract on actively dividing phases of cell cycle in Helianthus annuus L. ]. Res. on Crops 8 (1) : 166- 169 (2007). Plant Genetics Laboratory, Department of Botany University of Allahabad- 211 002 (U. P.), India

ABSTRACT

The use of synthetic chemicals for plant protection and their cytogenetic effects have been well documented by several scientists. In view of that the present investigation deals with the cytogenetical impact of Calotropis extract on Helianthus annuus. Different concentrations were used for different time durations in order to find out its impact on root meristem of sunflower. Extract was also applied at the seedling stage and before flowering stage for meiotic studies. The results indicated that the lower doses (1 and 5%) displayed an increase in mitotic index at 6 h duration, while higher concentrations gave rise to substantial reduction in AMI. Various types of abnormalities were recorded both in mitotic and meiotic phases of cell cycle. Percentage of these abnormalities was also found to be dose and time dependent. Among them, stickiness was found to be more frequent compared with other types.

 

34. r. kannan and v. r. k. reddy [ Performance of near- isogenic wheat lines carrying various leaf rust resistance genes against leaf rust ]. Res. on Crops 8 (1) : 170-175 (2007). Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Botany Bharathiar University , Coimbatore-641 046, India .

ABSTRACT

Eighteen leaf rust (Lr) resistance genes viz., Lr9, Lr19, Lr24, Lr25, Lr26, Lr28, Lr29, Lr35, Lr36, Lr37, Lr38, Lr39, Lr40, Lr41, Lr42, Lr43, Lr44 and Lr45 present either individually or in combination (linked) with other rust resistance genes were transferred to four popular Indian hexaploid wheat cultivars by simple backcrossing and selection procedure. Lines were constituted in BC 5F 5. All the transferred leaf rust resistance genes used provided moderate to high degree of resistance to respective rusts in the field condition. Specific rust resistance genes like Lr9, Lr19, Lr24, Lr25, Lr28, Lr39, Lr40, Lr43 and Lr45 provided their resistance singly, while other rust resistance genes Lr26, Lr29, Lr35, Lr36, Lr37, Lr38, Lr41, Lr42 and Lr44 provided their resistance in combination with other background resistance genes of the recurrent Indian wheat parents. Field rust reaction of the constituted lines also indicated that severity of a particular rust in a constituted line varied (decreased or increased) when it carried a different type of known or unknown rust resistance gene(s).

 

35. P. deepa sankar, n. subbaraman and s. lakshmi narayanan [ Prediction of progeny performance in rice ( Oryza sativa L.) involving TGMS and salt tolerant lines as parents ]. Res. on Crops 8 (1) : 176-180 (2007). Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics Agricultural Collage and Research Institute, Madurai-625 104 (Tamil Nadu), India .

ABSTRACT

Rice feeds the majority of the world’s population. Attempts have been made to increase its production overcoming biotic and abiotic stresses. Thermo sensitive genetic male sterility (TGMS) based rice hybrids have been a proven success in China . Efforts were made to obtain TGMS based rice hybrids showing tolerance to salt affected environments. Component analysis as proposed by Sparnaaij and Bos (1993) and Piepho (1995) was employed in identifying components contributing to grain yield per plant. Progeny performance for the complex trait grain yield per plant was determined as suggested by Bos and Sparnaaij (1993). Complementary determinations indicated that the components contributing to the variation of grain yield per plant were grains per panicle and single grain weight. The trait productive tillers per plant was identified as the key component responsible for yield instability. The highest grain yield was predicted in the combination GD 98029/CO 43 followed by GD 98021/CO 43, GD 98028/CO 43, GD 98168/CO 43 and GD 98179/TRY 2 which recorded higher heterosis in the field study also.

36. S. K. MEHTA AND M. S. BENIWAL [ Leaf rust resistant sources in barley ]. Res. on Crops 8 (1) : 181-182 (2007). Wheat and Barley Section, Department of Plant Breeding CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004 (Haryana), India .

ABSTRACT

Two hundred and twelve barley entries were screened for genetical resistance against leaf rust under artificial epiphytotic conditions in the field during 2005-06 crop season at Barley Breeding Research Area, CCS Haryana Agricultural University , Hisar. The 12 entries viz., BH-05-43, BH-05-49, BH-05-52, BH-05-59, BH-05-61, BH-05-62, BH-05-64, BH-05-65, BH-05-67, HBL-113, 20th IBON-52 and 3rd IWFBCB-94 were free from leaf rust infection, 26 varieties/entries, namely, ALFA-93, BH-331, BH-338, BH-674, BH-855, BH-05-41, BH-05-47, BH-05-66, DOLMA, ICARDA-54, Karan-741, DWR-17, DWR-32, DWR-36, DWR-42, DWR-50, DWR-56, 30th IBON-355, 20th IBON-38, 4th IWFBCB-5, RD-2503, RD-2508, VJM-324, VJM-326, VJM-328 and VJM-330 were resistant with leaf rust upto 10.00 ACI. The remaining 174 entries had leaf rust ranging from >10.00 -100.00 ACI. The 25 entries were moderately susceptible (>10.00-30.00 ACI), 28 entries susceptible (>30.00-50.00 ACI) and 121 entries highly susceptible with >50.00-100.00 ACI.

 

37. Mukesh Kumar , K. P. Singh and Dhirendra Singh [ Genetic divergence analysis for seed yield, its parameters and oil content in Indian mustard [ Brassica juncea (L.) Czern and Coss] ]. Res. on Crops 8 (1) : 183-185 (2007). Department of Agricultural Botany Janta Vadic (PG) College, Baraut, Baghpat (Uttar Pradesh), India .

ABSTRACT

Genetic divergence was estimated for seed yield, oil content and several important yield contributing characters in 25 genotypes of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea). Even with the limited number of material included in the study, the results revealed considerable diversity and the 25 genotypes were grouped into seven clusters. Only one cluster (cluster VII) had single genotype, while the other remaining clusters included 3 to 6 genotypes. Cluster I included maximum number of genotypes (6). Inter-cluster distance was maximum between clusters VI and VII (2852.66). Cluster VI showed the highest mean value for days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, seed filling period, number of secondary branches, length of main raceme and number of pods on primary branches, whereas cluster VII showed the highest mean value for number of secondary branches, length of main shoot, number of pods on primary branches, number of pods on secondary branches, 1000-seed weight and seed yield per plant. Present study indicated that crosses attempting between the genotypes belonging to clusters VI and VII to get desirable segregants to developing superior varieties best suited for commercial cultivation.

 

38. r. srinivasan, s. thirugnana kumar, r. eswaran, c. praveen, sampath kumar, j. gokula krishnan and k. kubendhiran [ Genetic analysis for seed yield and its component characters under normal and temporary flooded conditions in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) ]. Res. on Crops 8 (1) : 186-188 (2007). Department of Agricultural Botany Annamalai University , Annamalainagar-608 002 (Tamil Nadu), India .

ABSTRACT

A full diallel cross involving six sesame genotypes was used to study the inheritance of seed yield and its component characters under normal and temporary flooded conditions. Data from the F 1 generation and parents were analysed using Hayman (1954) method of diallel analysis. The estimates of D were non-significant under normal condition for all the five traits of interest. However, under temporary flooded condition, the estimates of D were significant for number of capsules per plant and 1000-seed weight. The values of H 1 and H 2 as well as H 2/4H 1 indicated that there were unequal frequencies of alleles at all the loci under both the conditions. An excess of dominant alleles was involved in four out of the five traits of interest. Similarly, the mean degree of dominance was more than unity for four out of the five traits studied. In the presence of over dominance, the best recurrent scheme to develop hybrids will be reciprocal recurrent selection.

 

39. nidhi and rakesh gehlot [ Studies on physico-chemical characteristics of fresh bael and guava fruits ]. Res. on Crops 8 (1) : 189-190 (2007). Centre of Food Science and Technology CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004 (Haryana), India

ABSTRACT

Bael and guava fruits had fruit weight (618 and 72 g), pulp weight (663 and 927 g/kg fruits), peel weight (302 g/kg fruit), pulp : peel ratio (2. 19) and seed percentage (3.38 and 2.76%), respectively. Chemical constituents of bael and guava fruits such as moisture content, TSS, total sugars and reducing sugars percentage were found to be 61.76 and 83.34%, 34.50 and 13.50%, 16.93 and 8.56% and 4.57 and 3.23%, whereas acidity, pH, ascorbic acid, crude fibre, pectin and total phenols were analyzed to be 0.41 and 0.47%, 4.62 and 4.46, 17.25 and 167.50 mg/100 g, 3.27 and 2.85%, 2.38 and 0.95% and 23.71 and 2.26 mg/100 g, respectively.

 

40. Raj Pal Singh, R. K. Arora, V. P. Ahlawat and Anureet Kaur [ Intercropping studies in juvenile sweet orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) orchard under semi-arid condition ]. Res. on Crops 8 (1) : 191-194 (2007). Department of Horticulture CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004 (Haryana), India .

ABSTRACT

Studies were conducted to suggest intercropping in sweet orange during juvenile stage for getting additional income. Non-leguminous crops i. e. cotton and mustard and leguminous crops (cowpea and gram) were intercropped in two years old sweet orange cv. Jaffa trees planted at 7 x 7 m for three years. Growth in terms of plant height, spread and root-stock and scion circumference were found minimum with cowpea intercrop followed by mustard. Minimum canopy decrease was observed with gram as intercrop followed by cotton. Plant growth reduced significantly, while cotton was used as intercrop. It was interesting to see that gram had less deleterious effect on main crop in comparison to other inter crop. Among all the intercropping treatments, maximum net return of Rs. 10600/ha was recorded in gram intercrop followed by cotton. The leaf nutrients composition was affected significantly with the use of different intercrops. However, maximum reduction was noticed in leaf P and Ca content.

 

41. Kaveri, S. Biradar, M. y. kenganal, h. l. nadaf and r. r. hanchinal [ Regeneration of plantlets from shoot tip culture in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllous L.) ]. Res. on Crops 8 (1) : 195-197 (2007). Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad-580 005 (Karnataka), India .

ABSTRACT

A reproducible protocol for regeneration of plants from shoot tip (meristem) culture of carnation has been developed. Shoot tips of carnation were found to be quite totipotent and showed establishment in all the media tried, but the best performance was observed in Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium supplemented with BAP (20 µM) and NAA (1.0 µM) for shoot multiplication. The treatment half MS with IBA (5 µM) showed good response in terms of per cent root induction and average number of roots.

 

42. Kaveri, S. Biradar, M. y. kenganal, h. l. nadaf and r. r. hanchinal [ Standardization of surface disinfectants for sterilization of explants in carnation ]. Res. on Crops 8 (1) : 198-199 (2007). Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad-580 005 (Karnataka), India .

 

ABSTRACT

In vitro propagation involves the surface sterilization or disinfections of explants, which carry a wide range of microbial contaminants. Removing contaminants from the surface of the explants is of prime concern. In the present study, shoot tips of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) were used as explants for in vitro studies. Among various concentrations of mercuric chloride (HgCl 2) and ethanol tried, surface disinfections with 0.1% HgCl 2 in combination with pre-treatment with a fungicide (bavistin 0.1%) and a bactericide (streptomycin, 0.1%) emerged as best treatment.

 

43. S. OGUNYEMI, O. S. OLABODE AND G. O. ADESINA [ Efficiency of mulching and mulch type for the control of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl, A. Gray) in melon production ]. Res. on Crops 8 (1) : 200-203 (2007). Department of Agronomy Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P. M. B. 4000, Ogbomoso , Nigeria *(e-mail : yinka_labode@yahoo.com) .

ABSTRACT

Field experiments were conducted at the Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso Teaching and Research Farm to measure the efficiency of mulching for the control of Tithonia diversifolia in melon. Plastic mulch, grass (Panicum maximum ), wood shavings mulch, hoe weeding and a weedy control were evaluated in a randomized complete block experiment. Results showed that plastic mulch was the best in terms of weed control as assessed by weed density (98%), followed by wood shavings (71%) hoe weeding (67%) and panicum mulch (55%) compared to the weedy control. Dry matter yield of harvested Tithonia was highest in the weedy control (248 g/m 2) and least under plastic (20 g/m 2). While there was no significant difference (P=0.05) between the density of Tithonia under panicum mulching and hoe weeding, significant differences existed between the two with respect to weed biomass. Melon performance was also significantly affected by the type of mulch material. The best growth was observed under plastic mulch which was however not significantly better than those under panicum mulching and hoe weeding. However, melon yield was higher statistically (P=0.05) under panicum mulch (658.5 kg/ha) and hoe weeding (734.4 kg/ha) than plastic mulch (511.5 kg/ha) and wood shavings (221.3 kg/ha). The unweeded plot produced plants with the worst growth and yield (0.0 kg/ha). The implications of these findings are discussed.

 

44. k. n. k. murthy, k. murali, c. ramachandra and k. s. rajashekarappa 1 [ Effect of pre-emergent herbicides on weed control, growth and yield of transplanted onion (Allium cepa L.) ]. Res. on Crops 8 (1) : 204-208 (2007). Department of Agronomy College of Agriculture, V. C. Farm, Mandya (Karnataka), India .

ABSTRACT

Field experiments carried out for two years revealed that unchecked weed growth caused 76.04% loss in bulb yield. Among weed control methods, pre-emergent application of oxyfluorfen @ 0.09 kg/ha, pendimethalin @ 0.75 kg/ha and metolachlor @ 0.75 kg/ha, supplemented with one hand weeding at 45 days after transplanting suppressed the weed growth and achieved better weed control for longer period of time and higher weed control efficiency resulted in significantly higher bulb yield (15.26 to 15.97 t/ha) compared to other weed control methods. Besides the plant height, plant dry weight was also higher.

45. k. n. k. murthy, k. murali, c. ramachandra and k. s. rajashekarappa [ Studies on critical period of weed competition in transplanted onion (Allium cepa L.) ]. Res. on Crops 8 (1) : 209-212 (2007). Department of Agronomy College of Agriculture , VC Farm, Mandya (Karnataka), India .

ABSTRACT

In a field experiment conducted during rabi and summer seasons (1997-98 and 1998-99) in farmers’ field, the critical period for weed competition in transplanted onion was ascertained. The predominant weed flora consisted of Dicanthium annulatum, Digitaria marginata, Galensoga parviflora, Cenebra didyma, Phyllanthus niruri, Amaranthus viridis and Ageratum conyzoides. The weed competition between 20-43 days after transplanting was found to be most critical in reducing bulb yield of onion. Besides, the diameter of the bulb, number of leaves and plant height were all reduced. Dry weight of weeds was maximum during that period.

46. C. Venkata Ramana, V. Gouri Shankar, S. Sudheer Kumar and P. Venkata Rao [ Trait interrelationship studies in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) ]. Res. on Crops 8 (1) : 213-218 (2007). Department of Horticulture Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500 030 (A. P.), India .

ABSTRACT

Correlation and path coefficient analysis was carried out in tomato using 41 genotypes. The results revealed that genotypic correlation coefficients were in general higher than corresponding phenotypic correlation coefficients. Number of branches per plant had maximum correlation with fruit yield per plant followed by fruit weight, number of fruits per plant and number of fruiting clusters per plant. Correlations among yield components were positive and encouraging rapid improvement of yield. Quality parameters total soluble solids, titrable acidity, ascorbic acid and lycopene content had no correlations with yield. Path analysis showed that the direct effect was high for fruit weight followed by total soluble solids, number of fruiting clusters per plant, number of branches per plant, titrable acidity and days to 50% flowering. The traits number of branches per plant, fruit weight, number of fruits per plant and number of fruiting clusters per plant were the important yield contributing characters and need to be considered while framing selection criteria in tomato breeding programme.

 

47. G. seeja, d. chandramony and p. saraswathi [ Study of heterosis for yield and its component traits in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) ]. Res. on Crops 8 (1) : 219- 221 (2007). Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram (Kerala), India .

ABSTRACT

Fifteen tomato hybrids derived from a line x tester design involving three pistillate lines and five pollen parents were subjected to estimate the magnitude and direction of heterosis viz., relative heterosis and heterobeltiosis for yield and yield contributing characters. Relatively high pace of heterosis was recorded in all the tested characters. The highest rate of heterosis was recorded for number of fruits per plant (135.62%) followed by fruit yield per plant (99.47%). The cross combinations showing marked heterotic values were Arka Alok x RFH-1, Arka Alok x LE 370 and Arka Abha x RFH-1. The cross combination exhibiting highest heterotic value for fruit yield i. e. Arka Alok x RFH-1 also exhibited highest heterosis for its component traits like individual fruit weight and size of fruits. Most of the hybrids involving Arka Alok as the female parent manifested highest heterotic effects for individual fruit weight, size of fruits, fruit yield per plant and locules per fruit. Since this line was found to be a good general combiner, it can be included as a suitable parent in the future crop improvement programme or can be used as a pure line variety.

 

48. S. O. Oladoye, T. I. Olabiyi*, E. T. Ayodele and G. J. Ibikunle [ Phyto-chemical screening and nematicidal potential of root bark extract of Bixa orellana on nematode pests ]. Res. on Crops 8 (1) : 222-228 (2007). Department of Agronomy Ladoke Akintola University of Technology P. M. B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria *(e-mail : olabiyiipoola@yahoo.com) .

 

ABSTRACT

Phyto-chemical and nematicidal screening of root bark extract of Bixaorellana on Meloidogyne incognita and Radopholus similis was carried out in the laboratory. The phyto-chemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, sterols, glycosides and alkaloids as the active chemical constituents of Bixa orellana. The effect of root bark extract of Bixa orellana on Meloidogyne incognita and Radopholus similis elicited its nematicidal potential. Within three days, significant percentages of M. incognita and R. similis were found dead at every extraction medium and concentration level of B. orellana root bark extract. However, significantly low percentages of the nematodes were active (0-8% M. incognita and 0-9% R. similis) or quiescent (2-12% M. incognita and 0-9% R. similis) at day 3 when exposed to the different concentrations of B. orellana root bark extract. The study, therefore, showed that flavonoids, sterols, glycosides and alkaloids present in the root bark of B. orellana were toxic (nematicidal) to M. incognita and R. similis.

49. j. alice r. p. sujeetha, M. S. venugopal and n. muthukrishnan [ Calculation of the economic threshold level and economic injury level for the application of botanicals against rice plant hopper, Nilaparvata lugens ]. Res. on Crops 8 (1) : 229-231 (2007). T. N. A. U. Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai-625 104 (Tamil Nadu), India*(e-mail : alicesujeetha@yahoo.com.) .

ABSTRACT

Fixing up of economic threshold level (ETL) and economic injury level (EIL) for the botanicals against brown plant hopper was conducted with MDU 5 variety with eight treatments. Under laboratory condition, monocrotophos spray recorded an yield loss of 8.0%. The predicted injury and threshold level at 10 BPH/hill density were 18.0 and 12.3 BPH/hill. The estimated values varied with plant products. At 10 BPH/hill density, NSKE (5%) and neem oil (3%) recorded yield loss of 10.5 and 16.1%, predicted injury and threshold levels were 20.3 and 13.5 BPH/hill for NSKE (5%) and 24.7 and 15.7 BPH/hill for mean oil (3%). Under field condition, the EIL and ETL for NSKE (5%) application was 16.5 and 9.0 and 19.0 and 10.4 for neem oil (3%) at 10 BPH/hill. The fixation of ETL and EIL for plant products application was reported for the first time.

50. ashwani k. basandrai, n. pathania and p. d. tyagi [ Rate of reducing resistance against powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici) in some bread wheats ]. Res. on Crops 8 (1) : 232-237 (2007). Department of Plant Pathology CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur (H. P.), India .

ABSTRACT

Wheat cultivars viz., CPAN 1796, HD 2380, HI 1077, HPW 42, Sonalika, VL 616 and WL 410 showed field resistance against Erysiphe graminis tritici. Initial and terminal disease severity and area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) were significantly less during both the years in all the test cultivars in comparison with susceptible var. WL 711. The mean initial and terminal disease severity of 1.4 and 8.6% was least in var. HI 1077, whereas the mean AUDPC was least in cv. HPW 42 (159.8) followed by HD 2380 (240.9) compared with the AUDPC of 1200.3 in var. WL 711. The incubation and latent period were statistically longer at both the seedling and adult plant stages in all the test cultivars as compared to the susceptible check, WL 711. The longest incubation period and latent period of 7 and 8 days, and 12 and 13 days at the seedling and adult plant stages, respectively, were observed in cv. HPW 42. Similarly, all the cultivars developed significantly less number of small sized colonies as compared to the susceptible check WL 711 except in cvs. HI 1077 and CPAN 1796 at the adult plant stage where these were statistically at par with cv. WL 711. Var. HPW 42 developed lowest number of colonies i. e. 13.73 and 34.71/leaf at the seedling and adult plant stages corresponding to 39.3 and 155.9 colonies/leaf, respectively, in case of cv. WL 711. Var. HPW 42 (0.22 mm 2) followed by var. CPAN 1796 (0.36 mm 2) and HPW 42 (0.39 mm 2) at the adult plants developed smallest colonies compared with colonies of 0.72 and 0.86 mm 2 at seedling and adult plants of cv. WL 711, respectively. Sporulation index was statistically lesser in all the test cultivars at both the seedling and adult plant stages. It was least in cv. CPAN 1796 i. e. 12.02 and 12.37 at the seedling and adult plant stages, respectively, followed by sporulation index of 21.77 and 13.69, respectively, in variety HPW 42. The sporulation capacity followed the same trend least being in var. HPW 42 (8.9 and 3.49 at seedling and adult plant stages, respectively) followed by WL 410 and VL 616.

51. P. N. Tripathi, J. K. Namdev and Rajani Chauhan [ An ethno-botanical survey of Nauradehi Wild Life Sanctuary, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh ]. Res. on Crops 8 (1) : 238-241 (2007). Department of Crop and Herbal Physiology Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishva Vidyalaya, Jabalpur (M. P.), India .

ABSTRACT

The present communication deals with the ethno-botanical survey of Nauradehi Wild Life Sanctuary, Sagar District of Madhya Pradesh. More than 30% population of this region consists of tribal people (i. e. Gond and Kol). The study revealed in all 32 taxa belonging to 30 Genera and 24 Angiospermic family which are generally used by tribal communities to cure various human diseases. Like Tinospora cordifolia (Gudbel) decoction of stem is used in fever, Clerodendrum serratum (Bharangi) decoction of bark used in stomach disorder, Bombax malabaricum (Semal) decoction of root is used in seminal weakness and Pterocarpus marsupium (Bija) wood used in diabetes. Further work in this direction is also in progress.

52. L. ramakrishna rao, m. shivamurthy, m. t. lakshminarayan and m. s. ganapathy [ Adoption of storage and grading technologies by redgram growers ]. Res. on Crops 8 (1) : 242-243 (2007). Department of Agricultural Extension University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore-560 065 (Karnataka), India .

ABSTRACT

The study was conducted in Bidar district of Karnataka state during 2005 to know the adoption of storage and grading technologies by redgram growers. One hundred and twenty redgram growers were interviewed using a pre-tested schedule. It was found that majority of the redgram growers (60%) were not storing the produce and about 85% of the redgram growers had not followed grading technologies.

53. L. Ramakrishna Rao, M. Shivamurthy, Shailaja Hittalamani and M. S. Ganapathy [ Attitude of redgram growers towards regulated market ]. Res. on Crops 8 (1) : 244-247 (2007). Department of Agricultural Extension University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore-560 065 (Karnataka), India .

ABSTRACT

The present study was conducted in Bidar district of Karnataka state during 2005 to analyse the attitude of redgram growers towards regulated markets. One hundred and twenty redgram growers were interviewed with the help of interview schedule. It was found that 66.67% of redgram growers had favourable attitude towards regulated markets, whereas 20.83 and 12.50% of redgram growers had ‘less favourable’ and ‘more favourable attitude towards regulated markets. Land holding, social participation, mass media participation and annual redgram production of growers had positive and significantly related to the attitude towards regulated markets.

54. l. Ramakrishna Rao, M. Shivamurthy, Shailaja Hittalamani and M. T. Lakshminarayan [ Knowledge of vegetable growers regarding integrated pest management practices ]. Res. on Crops 8 (1) : 248-251 (2007). Department of Agricultural Extension University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore-560 065 (Karnataka), India .

ABSTRACT

The present study was conducted during 2005 in Bangalore Rural District of Karnataka state to find out the knowledge level of vegetable growers with respect to integrated pest management (IPM). Ninety vegetable growers were interviewed with the help of pre-tested interview schedule. It was found that 31% of vegetable growers (cabbage and tomato growers) had high level of knowledge, 44% had medium and 24% of the respondents had low knowledge with regard to IPM practices. Land holding, extension participation and innovation proneness had positive and significant relationship with the knowledge level of vegetable growers on IPM practices.

55. J. p. Singh, R. k. Srivastava, Sandeep Maan and Syed Zameer Hussain [ Effect of moisture content and water temperature on oil recovery in oil expeller ]. Res. on Crops 8 (1) : 252-254 (2007). SKUAST-J Dryland Research Sub Station, Dhiansar, Jammu-181 133 (J & K), India .

ABSTRACT

The performance of baby oil expeller has been evaluated for oil recovery of mustard and it revealed that oil recovery was influenced by moisture content. The total oil recovery increased from 32.4 to 34.6% with 3.6% increase in moisture content and started decreasing as moisture content was further increased. With the addition of cold water, the oil recovery increased from 31.4 to 32.5% at 13.9% moisture content but beyond this the oil recovery started decreasing. When hot water was added, the oil recovery increased from 32.4 to 33.0% at 95°C. The maximum oil recovery was found at 10% moisture content at 95°C.

56. sunita kushwah and b. b. bandhyopadhya [ Path coefficient analysis of some quantitative traits in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) under mid hills of Himalayas ]. Res. on Crops 8 (1) : 255-257 (2007). Hill Campus, RanichauriG. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar-263 145 (Uttarakhand), India .

 

ABSTRACT

Thirty-four germplams of brinjal were studied for path coefficient analysis. Results revealed that the characters viz., fruits per plant and fruit diameter constituted direct positive effect on fruit yield, while days to first picking exhibited negative direct effect on yield. The residual effect of both path analysis suggested that more number of characters should be incorporated to account the entire variability of brinjal crop in cold climatic condition.