Volume 26, Number 2 (September, 2003)
Titles of research papers/articles alongwith their abstracts.
For full text, please contact to Editor-in-chief at : md@cropresearch.org
1. G. M. SUJITH, S. S. CHANDRAKUMAR AND S. SESHADRI REDDY [Herbigation : A new vision for weed management-A review]. Crop Res. 26 (2) : 189-197 (2003). Department of Agronomy University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore-560 065 (Karnataka), India.
ABSTRACT
Herbigation, the use of irrigation systems to apply herbicides, is a relatively recent development in weed control technology. Research findings have established a fact that some of the herbicides exhibit good activity by providing control of target weeds when applied through irrigation water. In crops like rice, herbigation incurs no additional costs of application. Sprinklers are the most widely used irrigation system for applying herbicides. The extent of the movement of herbicides applied through irrigation systems is a function of solubility, adsorption and volatility. With herbigation, there will be efficient use of both water as well as herbicide chemical. Herbigation technology can also be included as one of the components in integrated weed management programme. Exploring the possibilities of herbigation under Indian conditions has been highlighted.
2. NIDHI VATS, RAM C. YADAV* AND NEELAM R. YADAV [Transgenic rice : Achievements and future challenges-A review]. Crop Res. 26 (2) : 198-207 (2003). Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004, India *(e-mail : rcyadav@hau.nic.in).
ABSTRACT
Rice is the most important cereal crop used as a staple food in the world, particularly south-east Asia. Since this crop is grown in areas of high population density, rice improvement is a continuous effort for feeding the growing population. In the past two decades, plant genetic engineering has been applied for developing rice resistant/tolerant to biotic and abiotic stresses. Most recent being improvement of quality traits for providing enhanced nourishment to consumers. Transgenic rice has been field tested in several countries and results are encouraging. Out of different methods reported for rice transformation, particle gun bombardment and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation are preferred choice. Several factors play key role in development of genetically stable and commercially viable transgenic rice. These include choice of genotype, selectable marker, promoter, tissue/development specific transgene expression, gene silencing and deployment of transgenics.
3. R. K. MAITI, A. BAQUIE-LEAL AND V. P. SINGH [A review on Ferocactus species of Cactaceae]. Crop Res. 26 (2) : 208-218 (2003). Departamento de Quimica y Biologia Universidad de las Americas, Puebla, Santa Catarina Martir, Cholula, C. P. 72 820, Puebla, Mexico.
ABSTRACT
The paper makes a review of recent research conducted on various aspects of Ferocactus species of Cactaceae particularly distribution, morphology and taxonomy, phenology, cytology, propagation, germination, physiology, photosynthesis, respiration and diseases.
4. NEELAM SHARMA AND N. N. ANGIRAS [Estimation of metribuzin residues in wheat fields through bioassay technique]. Crop Res. 26 (2) : 219-220 (2003). Department of Agronomy CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062 (H. P.), India.
ABSTRACT
Field and laboratory experiments were conducted at CSKHPKV, Palampur during 1997-98 to determine the effect of different doses of metribuzin in wheat on its residues in soil. The soil samples from 0-15 cm depth were collected at monthly interval from the experimental plots treated with metribuzin at five doses i. e. 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 g/ha. Bioassay technique was used to estimate the residue of metribuzin. Root and shoot lengths of cucumber were used as bioassay parameters. Application of metribuzin at 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 g/ha resulted in non-detectable residues in soil after 60, 60, 90, 90 and 120 days, respectively, on the basis of both parameters i. e. root length as well as shoot length of cucumber plant.
5. A. K. JOSHI, J. N. PANDYA, K. V. BUHECHA, K. V. PETHANI AND C. J. DANGARIA [Germination of pearl millet seed presoaked with plant growth regulators in saline medium]. Crop Res. 26 (2) : 221-223 (2003). Millet Research Station Gujarat Agricultural University, Jamnagar-361 006 (Gujarat), India.
ABSTRACT
The seeds of pearl millet hybrid GHB-30 were presoaked with distilled water (DW), gibberellin (GA3) and kinetin (Kn). The treated seeds alongwith untreated (control) were kept for germination in saline medium ranging from 0 to 12 mmhos/cm. There was a decline in germination index (GI) and root as well as shoot growth with increasing salinity levels. Nevertheless, among treatments GA3 treated seeds exhibited the highest shoot growth and Kn treated seeds showed the highest root growth and GI. The possibility of seed invigoration by PGRs for germination under saline conditions is explored.
6. M. T. SANJAY, V. B. NADAGOUDA, B. T. PUJARI, A. NARANAGOUDA AND SOMSHEKAR [Intercropping in short duration compact cotton Anjali*]. Crop Res. 26 (2) : 224-230 (2003). Department of AgronomyUniversity of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad-580 005 (Karnataka), India.
ABSTRACT
In a field experiment conducted at Agricultural College Farm, Raichur during 1998-99 to study the effect of planting methods and intercrops on the growth and yield of short duration compact cotton ‘Anjali’ under irrigation, normal planting and paired row planting were found to be on par in seed cotton yield and seed cotton equivalent yield. The seed cotton yield was reduced significantly by growing intercrops in association with cotton. Cotton+onion gave significantly higher seed cotton equivalent yield (3657 kg/ha) over sole crop of cotton (1912 kg/ha) and other intercropping treatments.
7. G. MANICKAM, G. KATHIRESAN, B. RAJAMANICKAM AND S. LOGANATHAN [Studies on the evaluation of promising mid-late season sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) clone for Tamil Nadu]. Crop Res. 26 (2) : 231-233 (2003). T. N. A. U. Regional Research Station, Vriddhachalam-606 001 (Tamil Nadu), India.
ABSTRACT
Field experiments were conducted during 1996-98 cropping seasons to evaluate promising sugarcane genotypes under different agro-climatic situations in north-eastern region of Tamil Nadu. The study was conducted with two plant crops and one ratoon crop of sugarcane (seven sugarcane new genotypes compared with three commercial standards). The results revealed that the clone C 90025 significantly registered the maximum mean millable cane population, cane and sugar yield.
8. G. MANICKAM, G. KATHIRESAN, B. RAJAMANICKAM AND R. DURAI [Studies on the identification of promising early season sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) clone for north/eastern region of Tamil Nadu]. Crop Res. 26 (2) : 234-236 (2003). T. N. A. U. Regional Research Station, Vriddhachalam-606 001 (Tamil Nadu), India.
ABSTRACT
Field experiments were conducted during 1992-94 cropping seasons to identify the promising sugarcane genotypes under varied agro-climatic situations in north-eastern region of Tamil Nadu. The study was taken up with two plant crops and one ratoon crop of sugarcane with eight sugarcane new genotypes and two popular standards. The results revealed that among the entries tested clone Si. 85036 registered the maximum millable cane population, cane yield and sugar yield.
9. B. L. VERMA, YOGESH SHARMA, A. VERMA AND R. A. SINGHANIA [Screening of elite genotypes of mustard for cultivation under irrigation with poor quality waters]. Crop Res. 26 (2) : 237-239 (2003). Soil Salinity Project, Agricultural Research Station, Bikaner-334 006 (Raj.), India.
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted during rabi seasons of 1994-95 to 1996-97 at Bikaner (Rajasthan) to study the yield and yield contributing characters of six genotypes of mustard viz., Pusa Bold, T-59, PCR-7, Kranti, Bio-902 and RS-30 under five levels of salinity of irrigation water. Maximum seed yield was recorded in Kranti. So far as salt tolerance is concerned, T-59 showed maximum MSI and higher value of ECiw for 50% yield reduction.
10. T. M. SOUMYA, H. V. NANJAPPA AND B. K. RAMACHANDRAPPA [Effect of soil solarization on growth and pod yield of kharif groundnut*]. Crop Res. 26 (2) : 240-242 (2003). Department of Agronomy University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore-560 065 (Karnataka), India.
ABSTRACT
A field investigation was carried out at the University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore during summer and kharif 2000 to study the effect of soil solarization on weed growth and yield of groundnut. Transparent polyethylene of 0.05 mm for 45 days in integration with one hand weeding recorded significantly higher number of branches per plant, leaf area, total dry matter accumulation per plant, filled pods per plant, pod weight per plant and pod yield over control. Significantly lower total weed dry weight at harvest was recorded by transparent polyethylene of 0.05 mm for 45 days+1 HW and was on par with 0.10 mm for 45 days+1 HW.
11. S. K. GHOSHAL, D. MUKHOPADHYAY1 AND T. K. GHOSH [Effect of arsenic-contaminated irrigation water on the uptake of arsenic and phosphorus by rice (cv. IET-4094)]. Crop Res. 26 (2) : 243-248 (2003). Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia-741 252 (W. B.), India.
ABSTRACT
A pot experiment was conducted taking rice (IET-4094) to study the effect of irrigation water, contaminated with arsenic, on uptake of phosphorus and arsenic by different plant parts of the crop. Two types of treatments were used in the experiment, namely, irrigation with arsenic free deionized water and arsenic-contaminated irrigation water containing 0.29 ppm arsenic. Each treatment was divided into two series, namely, uncovered and covered (glazed black polythene sheet). Arsenic accumulation and concentration significantly increased in straw and roots of plants grown on soil, irrigated with arsenic-contaminated water and covering further increased the same. Arsenic concentration and accumulation was greater in root than straw. Phosphorus uptake was reduced with the increase in soil arsenic concentration and covering further reduced the same, indicating a significant arsenic-phosphorus interaction.
12. YOGESH SHARMA, C. TIWARI, B. L. VERMA AND R. A. SINGHANIA [Effect of mixing of saline and canal water on yield of groundnut and wheat]. Crop Res. 26 (2) : 249-253 (2003). Soil Salinity Project Agricultural Research Station, Bikaner-334 006 (Raj.), India.
ABSTRACT
An experiment conducted for three years during 1999-2002 on saline and BAW mixed irrigation indicated that salinity of mixed water had significant effect on pod yield of groundnut. The maximum average pod yield (42.22 q ha-1) was observed with canal water, while 34.03 q ha-1 pod yield was obtained with BAW (ECiw 2.5 dSm-1). There was about 18.3, 51.1, 59.7 and 79.3% reduction in pod yield of groundnut at ECiw 3.75, 5.0, 6.25 and 7.5 dSm-1, respectively, as compared to BAW. Similarly, kernel weight/plant and number of kernels/plant reduced as the EC of mixed water increased from 2.5 to 7.5 dSm-1. In case of wheat, maximum grain yield (36.04 q ha-1) was recorded with canal water. There was reduction of 12.5, 22.9, 35.5 and 46.7% in grain yield of wheat at ECiw 3.75, 5.0, 6.25 and 7.5 dSm-1, respectively, as compared to BAW. Plant height, ear length and number of tillers per plant were maximum with canal water. There were reductions in these parameters when salinity of mixed water increased. EC2 of soil also increased from 0.16 to 1.26 dSm-1 with an increase in salinity of irrigation water after three years’ rotation of experimentation, whereas there was little increase in pH2.
13. UDAI VIR SINGH AND RAMKALA [Effect of Zn and S on yield and concentration of different nutrients in mustard (Brassica juncea)]. Crop Res. 26 (2) : 254-259 (2003). Department of Soil Science CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004, India.
ABSTRACT
To study zinc-sulphur inter-relationship in mustard, a screen house experiment in pots was conducted on loamy sand (Typic Ustipsamment) soil with five levels of zinc viz., 0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg kg-1 soil and five levels of sulphur viz., 0, 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg kg-1 soil. The dry matter yield at pre-flowering increased significantly with the application of zinc and sulphur. The highest yield was recorded when 40 mg S was applied in combination with 20 mg Zn kg-1 soil. The concentration of Zn and S increased significantly with their application. The interaction effect of Zn and S was found synergistic with respect to concentration of both the nutrients. The concentration of N and K in mustard increased significantly with both Zn as well as S. The application of Zn reduced the P content but S increased the concentration of P in mustard significantly.
14. SANGEETA JHA*, G. L. MUNDHARA1, VANDANA SUHAG2 AND AJEYA JHA3 [Chromatographic utility of the sorption behaviour of molybdate and tungstate on acid-treated alumina]. Crop Res. 26 (2) : 260-270 (2003). Sikkim Manipal Institute of Technology Majitar, Rangpo, East Sikkim-737 132 (Sikkim), India (*e-mail : sangeetajha66@yahoo.co.in).
ABSTRACT
The sorption characteristics of the oxy-anionic species molybdate and tungstate on chromatographic alumina, pretreated with acids (HClO4, HCl, HNO3 and CH3COOH) have been investigated. Adsorption was found to depend on pH of the substrate as well as the acid used for the pretreatment. Maximum sorption was shown at pH 2.0 to 3.5. It was moderately fast (10 min-2 h), exothermic (30-60°C) with low values of isosteric heat of adsorption. Retarding influence of the anions and their desorption efficiency was in the order : PO43->C2O42->SO42->CH3COO->NO3-. The differences in the distribution coefficients for adsorption and desorption were employed for the column chromatography of the solute.
15. A. K. SINGH AND MANISH KUMAR [Efficacy and economics of neem based products against cotton jassid, Amrasca biguttulla biguttulla Ishida in okra]. Crop Res. 26 (2) : 271-274 (2003). Department of Entomology N. D. University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad-224 229 (U. P.), India.
ABSTRACT
In an experiment to deterrmine the efficacy of certain neem based ecofriendly pesticides against the cotton jassid, conducted during zaid 1999, endosulfan 0.07% followed by achook 0.7% and NSKE 3% was found effective in controlling the okra jassid. Achook treated plots gave the highest yield of 50.06 q/ha and was significantly superior to other treatments. However, on the basis of the cost : benefit ratio, NSKE 3% ranked first (1 : 10.70) followed by endosulfan (1 : 10.07).
16. S. ALI AND R. B. SINGH [Management of insect-pests and diseases of sesamum through integrated application of insecticides and fungicides]. Crop Res. 26 (2) : 275-279 (2003). Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding N. D. University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad-224 229 (U. P.), India.
ABSTRACT
Integrated application of insecticides and fungicides for the management of phyllody (Mycoplasma like organism), leaf spot (Cercospora sesami), leaf roller and capsule borer, Antigastra catalaunalis (Dupanchel) and sesamum gall fly (Asphondylia sesami Felt) in sesamum was worked out. Combined application of insecticides and fungicides provided better management than any of the single treatments. Two sprayings of endosulfan 35 EC (0.7%) and mancozeb (0.2%), first at flowering initiation stage and second at pod formation stage gave the better yield in comparison to other treatments with net profit of Rs. 4446/ha.
17. M. ISLAM AND L. N. DUBEY [Biological management of foot rot of arecanut (Areca catechu Linn.) caused by Ganoderma lucidum (Leys.) Karst.]. Crop Res. 26 (2) : 280-285 (2003). Department of Plant Pathology B. N. College of Agriculture, Biswanath Chari-Ali-784 176 (Assam), India.
ABSTRACT
Four fungal antagonists and two bacterial antagonists were tested for their potential to suppress Ganoderma lucidum, the foot rot pathogen of arecanut both in vitro and in vivo. Among the fungal antagonists, Trichoderma viride exhibited the maximum reduction of the mycelial growth followed by T. harzianum. Among the bacterial antagonists, Bacillus subtilis showed the maximum growth reduction followed by Pseudomonas fluorescens. The antagonists also increased the growth parameters of the plant. Wheat bran substrate supported maximum growth of all isolates followed by tea waste and pine leaves.
18. R. R. BHAGOWATI1 AND M. SAIKIA [Character association and path coefficient analysis for yield attributes in open pollinated and hybrid true potato seed populations]. Crop Res. 26 (2) : 286-290 (2003). Department of Agronomy Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat-785 013 (Assam), India.
ABSTRACT
Thirty TPS genotypes (Solanum tuberosum L.) including F1 hybrids and open pollinated populations were laid out to study the trend of character association and path coefficients between yield and its five components. The correlation study revealed that tuber yield was significantly and positively associated with plant height, primary branch number, leaf number, numer of tubers per plant and average tuber weight. The plant height was identified as an important yield attribute as it had positive significant correlation with all four remaining yield components. The negative association of tuber number and average tuber weight, as observed in the present study, indicated the need of breaking negative linkage between these characters before using them as selection criteria. On the other hand, the path analysis highlighted the importance of tuber number and average tuber weight as they exerted the highest direct effect on tuber yield. The characters plant height, primary branch number and leaf number showed high indirect effect via average tuber weight indicating their importance in selection programme. The characters leaf number and average tuber weight exerted negative indirect effect via tuber number on yield, while tuber number showed negative indirect effect on yield via leaf number and average tuber weight.
19. 19. G. PADRÓN GAMBOA1, J. ROMERO GARCÍA1, A. BENAVIDES MENDOZA*, HOMERO RAMÍREZ AND R. K. MAITI2 [Hydrophilic biodegradable polyurethane-starch foams to promote growth and stress tolerance in horticultural plants]. Crop Res. 26 (2) : 291-302 (2003). Departamento de Horticultura Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro Buenavista, Saltillo 25315, Coahuila, México
*(e-mail : abenmen@prodigy.net.mx).
ABSTRACT
Polyurethane-starch hydrophylic foams were incorporated in horticultural substrates to enhance the properties for seedling production. Cacao pod husk and polyacrylamide were added to the hydrophilic foams in order to improve their water holding capacity and biodegradability. Also in some foams, a systemic resistance inducer soil isolate of the Bacillus subtilis species was immobilized. The use of the polyurethane-starch foams with polyacrilamyde or cacao pod husk permitted better seedling growth both in optimal condition and in water stress condition. The incorporation of Bacillus subtilis in the polyurethane-starch foams increased salinity tolerance of the seedlings.
20. P. S. SENTHIL KUMAR1 AND P. SAVITHRI [Characteristics of Muscat vineyards of the Theni district in Tamil Nadu]. Crop Res. 26 (2) : 303-307 (2003). Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Tamil Nadu-641 003 (T. N.), India.
ABSTRACT
A nutritional survey of the Muscat vineyards around Theni district was done to assess the problems associated with the yield decline over the past decade. The vineyard soils were high in organic carbon status, Olsen-P and NNH4OAc-K status which also tended to decrease in sub-surface soils than the surface soils. The CaCl2 extractable S of the soil was deficient in 38% vineyard soils. The hot water soluble B and DTPA-Zn were deficient in 55 and 36% of the vineyards. The availability of Cu and Mn in the soils was in sufficient range in all the vineyards. The DTPA-Fe was 80% deficient. The N, P and K contents in the petiole of grapes wer almost in sufficient level, inspite of the low status of N in soil. Higher N, B, Cu, Fe and Mn contents were recorded in leaf blade than the petiole, whereas P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, S and Zn contents were found to be higher in leaf petioles than the leaf blade. Magnesium was deficient in 21% vineyards. Eventhough S and B deficiency was observed in vineyard soils, the contents of S and B in petiole were found to be in the sufficient level in all the vineyards. The Mn content of the petiole was 49% deficient. Iron and Cu were found to be in sufficiency lelvel in the petiole in all the vineyards. The Cu content of petiole and leaf blade particularly the later indicated the hazardous effect of the fungicide spray since the actual values were very high.
21. P. S. SENTHIL KUMAR1 AND P. SAVITHRI [A nutritional appraisal of Muscat grape (Vitis vinifera L.) vineyards roundabout Coimbatore district in Tamil Nadu]. Crop Res. 26 (2) : 308-313 (2003). Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Tamil Nadu-641 003 (T. N.), India.
ABSTRACT
A nutritional survey was undertaken in 47 vineyards around Coimbatore district in Tamil Nadu for their nutritional status, where the available P, K, Ca, Mg, DTPA-Zn and Fe contents were high in all the soils. The P and K content in the petiole was found to be adequate. The zinc status of vineyards around Coimbatore in this study was found to be deficient. Iron content was found to vary between 236.2 to 1172.4 mg kg-1 petioles. The N, K, Na, Cu and Mn contents in the leaf blades were lower in the high yielding category of vineyard groups, whereas the B, Zn and S contents were found to be higher. In the petiole the P, K, Na and Mn contents were found to lower in the high yielding category of vineyards than the low yielding ones, whereas N, S, B, Zn, Cu and Fe were found to be higher in the petioles of the high yielding category. Except P and Na all other nutrients were found to be more in the nutrient content in the leaf blades than the leaf petiole.
22. B. K. SENAPATI, P. K. SAHU AND G. SARKAR [Genetic divergence in chilli]. Crop Res. 26 (2) : 314-317 (2003). B. C. K. V. Regional Research Station, Coastal Saline Zone Kakdwip, 24 Parganas (South) (W. B.), India.
ABSTRACT
Genetic divergence using Mahalanobis’s D2 statistic was studied for 11 characters in a collection of 20 diverse chilli genotypes. Based on D2 values, the genotypes were clustered in six groups. Cluster I was largest with 13 genotypes, followed by clusters III and IV with two genotypes each. Clusters II, V and VI had single genotype each only. Cluster II showed maximum genetic distance from cluster VI, suggesting wide diversity between these groups. Four characters viz., fresh fruit weight, fruit girth, fruit length and fruit number per plant were the chief contributors towards genetic divergence.
23. MAHAK SINGH, LALLU, G. B. SWARNKAR, LALTA PRASAD AND R. K. DIXIT [Heterobeltiosis and inbreeding depression in Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern and Coss.]]. Crop Res. 26 (2) : 318-325 (2003). Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur-208 002 (U. P.), India.
ABSTRACT
Heterobeltiosis in Indian mustard for seed yield per plant was observed in eight crosses, namely, KR-5610 x PR-15 (58.38%), YRT-3 x PR-15 (54.33%), RK-1467 x T-6342 (52.60%), Varuna x YRT-3 (35.83%), KRV-Tall x T-6342 (33.81%), RLM-198 x RT-3 (34.10%), Varuna x RLM-198 (31.50%) and KR-5610 x KRV-Tall (36.70%). Inbreeding depression in all the above crosses was found to be very low i. e. 10.35, 8.31, 10.15,-16.54,-7.28,-20.05,-12.56 and -8.08%, respectively. In general, hybrids showed a wide range of heterotic effects for each character. It was further revealed that in F2 generation most of the high heterotic cross combinations for different characters showed low inbreeding depression. This may be due to that the most part of heterobeltiosis was accounted for dominance and dominance x dominance type of epistatic interactions and less for additive x dominance type of gene effect.
24. SATWINDER K. DHILLON, G. S. SANDHA, S. S. BANGA AND K. L. AHUJA [Oil and fatty acid composition of some monosomic and disomic addition lines of B. campestris L. var. toria]. Crop Res. 26 (2) : 326-330 (2003). Department of Plant Breeding Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141 004, India.
ABSTRACT
Brassica campestris L. var. toria is an important oilseed crop. The indigeneous toria cultivars contain high amounts of undesirable fatty acids like erucic acid and linolenic acid in the oil. A number of monosomic and disomic addition lines of B. campestris carried ‘B’ and ‘C’ genome. Chromosomes were screened for their fatty acid composition. The monosomic and disomic addition of ‘B’ and ‘C’ genome chromosomes resulted in significant changes in oil content and fatty acid composition. In ‘C’ genome addition plants the oil content varied from 34.4 to 46.3% for monosomic addition plants, while in disomic addition plants it ranged from 30.3 to 46.6%. In ‘B’ genome addition lines, it varied from 30.0 to 47.3% in monosomic addition plants and from 30.0 to 43.3% for disomic addition plants. In ‘C’ genome disomic addition plants, substantially higher values were observed for oleic and linoleic acids which can be of special significance to the plant breeders and nutritionists.
25. AYYANGOUDA PATIL, S. T. KAJJIDONI AND P. M. SALIMATH [Physiological basis of heterosis in mungbean]. Crop Res. 26 (2) : 331-333 (2003). Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad-580 005 (Karnataka), India.
ABSTRACT
Twenty crosses of mungbean derived from two lines and 10 testers were evaluated to work out heterosis for seed yield and its associated physiological traits. The results indicated an appreciable amount of heterosis for most of the physiological attributes. The highest mean seed yield per plant was recorded by cross Selection-4 x TM 98-50 which was followed by Selection-4 x M-446 and Selection-4 x M-1 and the same crosses exhibited significant heterosis over better parent for seed yield. Simultaneous heterosis for seed yield associated with physiological traits like total dry matter (TDM), biomass duration from 45 days to harvest (BMD) and harvest index (HI) was noticed indicating the intimacy of seed yield with physiological traits particularly maintenance of high biomass from flowering to maturity and partitioning ability of photosynthates.
26. A. KUMAR, K. S. THAKUR, G. S. SETHI AND J. C. BHANDARI [Combining ability analysis for grain yield and some other morpho- physiological traits in winter x spring wheat hybrids]. Crop Res. 26 (2 : 334-338 (2003). Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062 (H. P.), India.
ABSTRACT
Combining ability analysis for grain yield and some other characters was done involving eight lines and three testers via line x tester technique. Non-additive type of gene action was higher than that of additive for days to 75% flowering and maturity, number of grains per spike, biological yield, grain yield per plant and harvest index. However, preponderance of additive type of gene action was observed for plant height, spike length, 1000-grain weight and protein content. Among lines WW 11 and WW 21 were found to be good general combiners for grain yield and also for some other traits. Cross combinations WW 1 x HPW 52, WW 2, x HPW 147, WW 6 x HPW 152 and WW 17 x HPW 147 were adjudged to be superior on the basis of sca effects.
27. P. C. KOLE, A. SAHA AND K. M. HASIB [D2 analysis in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)]. Crop Res. 26 (2) : 339-342 (2003). Department of Crop Improvement, Horticulture & Agricultural Botany Institute of Agriculture, Visva-Bharati, Sriniketan-731 236, India.
ABSTRACT
Grouping of 15 genotypes of fenugreek following D2 analysis resulted into formation of four different clusters showing considerable amount of genetic diversity among the genotypes. Genotypes collected from same geographical region were grouped into different clusters which might be due to human selection and/or genetic draft. Cluster-I had maximum number of nine genotypes, while cluster-IV was monogenotypic. The intra-cluster distance was maximum in cluster-III and the inter-cluster distance was maximum in between clusters-II and III. Pods/plant, straw yield, test weight, days from flowering to maturity and grains/pod contributed maximum towards the genetic divergence. On the basis of genetic divergence, relative contribution of characters in determining seed yield and per se performance of the genotypes, the following cross combinations RMT-143 x UM-301, UM-301x Local, UM-118 x Local, UM-302 x Local, UM-118 x UM-34, UM-302 x UM-32 and UM-304 x UM-118 are suggested.
28. V. V. PADMAJA, V. BALASUBRAMANIAN AND B. GOPAL SINGH [Physiological basis of yield improvement in rice-II]. Crop Res. 26 (2) : 343-348 (2003). Department of Plant Physiology College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-30 (Andhra Pradesh), India.
ABSTRACT
Physiological characters of 10 rice varieties released during the last four decades of research in Andhra Pradesh were studied. The genotypes released during 1980’s and 1990’s recorded maximum values for LAI, LAR, LWR and SLW specially at flowering stage, thereby grain yield. However, the CGR, RGR and NAR at panicle initiation stage were significantly more in the varieties released during 1960’s but were in reverse trend during later stages of panicle development.
29. MUKESH DAHIYA, S. UPPAL AND ANITA R. SEHRAWAT [Influence of plant growth regulators on different genotypes for callus induction and plant regeneration from mature wheat embryos]. Crop Res. 26 (2) : 349-354 (2003). Department of Genetics CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004, India.
ABSTRACT
Embryos excised from mature seeds of five wheat genotypes viz., HD 2009, C 591, Kharchia 375, WH 147 and C 306 were cultured on MS medium supplemented with various concentrations of 2, 4-D; 2, 4, 5-T and NAA to develop an efficient method of callus formation. Significant interaction was found between genotypes, different growth regulators and their concentrations for callus induction and embryo germination. 2, 4, 5-T (3.0/5.0 mg/1), in order of effectiveness, was superior to 2, 4-D (3.0/5.0 mg/1) for callus induction in HD 2009 although the higher concentration of 2, 4-D/2, 4, 5-T (7.0 mg/1) gave 100% callusing. Abscisic acid (0.1, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/1) in the presence of NAA suppressed germination and promoted callus induction. Shoot regeneration percentage varied widely from cultivar to cultivar on regeneration medium consisting of IAA (0.5 mg/1) and BAP (1.0 mg/l). No special rooting medium was required. Regenerated plantlets were successfully transferred to pots under field conditions.
30. KANANBALA SARANGTHEM AND TH. NABAKUMAR SINGH [Efficacy of salicylic acid on growth, nitrogen metabolism and flowering of Phaseolus vulgaris]. Crop Res. 26 (2) : 355-360 (2003). Plant Physiology Research Laboratory Department of Life Sciences Manipur University-795 003 (Manipur), India.
ABSTRACT
Leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris were sprayed with salicylic acid (0.0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5%, V/V) and its effect on growth of the plant, nitrate reductase activity, protein level and nitrogen contents were determined in fresh secondary leaves of different ages after germination. The effect of salicylic acid on the flowering of Phaseolus vulgaris was also studied. Under the optimum dose of treatment (0.1%, V/V), the level of protein, nitrate reductase activity and nitrogen contents increased.
31. A. K. HANDIQUE [Nutritive values of some non-conventional leafy vegetables from ethnic sources of north-east India]. Crop Res. 26 (2) : 361-364 (2003). Department of Biotechnology Gauhati University, Guwahati-781 014, India.
ABSTRACT
Biochemical analysis was made for major nutritional components of five herbaceous plant species viz., Amaranthus viridis, Boerhaavia diffusa, Alternanthera sessilis, Polygonum chinense and Ipomea aguatica; which occur in the wild and have been traditionally used by ethnic groups of north-east India since time immemorial. Crude protein content varied from 29.45 to 18.18% and carbohydrate content varied from 14.3 to 6.15%. Lipid content was low and varied from 6.0 to 4.16%. Total mineral in the form of ash varied from 16.87 to 11.8% which is remarkable.
32. P. S. SENTHIL KUMAR1 AND P. SAVITHRI [Characteristics of turmeric growing areas of the Coimbatore district in Tamil Nadu]. Crop Res. 26 (2) : 365-369 (2003). Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Tamil Nadu-641 003 (T. N.), India.
ABSTRACT
The chemical characterization of turmeric growing soils of Coimbatore district indicated that they were free from salinity and the pH tended to be above neutral range. The excess CaCO3 was also observed in these soils. About 78% of samples were strongly calcareous (> 5% free CaCO3), while 22% were weakly calcareous (< 5% free CaCO3 ). The alkaline KMnO4 was in the lower range, whereas P and K status was in medium to very high status. The S was deficient in 19% soils. Zinc, B and deficiencies were seen to an extent of 62, 51 and 30%, respectively. A significant negative correlation was observed between Zn, B and Fe with free CaCO3 content of soils.
33. SHATRUGHAN PRASAD1, R. S. DIXIT AND GOVIND SHARMA1 [Productivity of late-sown wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties as influenced by combined application of inorganic and organic sources of nitrogen]. Crop Res. 26 (2) : 370-373 (2003). Department of Agronomy Narendra Dev University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad-224 229 (U. P.), India.
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was carried out during rabi season of 1998-99 at the Agronomy Research Farm of Narendra Dev University of Agriculture & Technology, Faizabad to evaluate the productivity of different wheat varieties with combined application of nitrogen through inorganic and organic sources under late-sown condition. The variety and nitrogen levels significantly influenced the productivity of wheat. The variety HUW 234 produced significantly higher grain yield and yield attributes over rest of the varieties and was at par with HD 2643, while combined application of 120 kg N ha-1 + 25% N through FYM significantly increased the grain, straw yield and harvest index over rest of the treatments.
34. A. K. DEY1 [Effect of phosphorus fertilization on quality parameters of soybean+maize intercropping system in the tarai soils of Uttaranchal]. Crop Res. 26 (2) : 374-377 (2003). Department of Agronomy G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar (Uttaranchal), India.
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted during kharif 1999 at silty clay loam soil of Pantnagar consisting of 10 treatments. Application of phosphorus did not have any effect on oil content of soybean but crude protein content varied significantly. The maximum crude protein for soybean and maize was recorded at S+M @ 1 : 2 with 20 kg P ha-1 and S+M @ 1 : 1 with 0 kg P ha-1, respectively. The P content in soybean was much more than that of maize signifying the importance of the element for the crop; but the total removal of P was more in maize than that of soybean due to huge vegetative growth of the former. The uptake in the 1 : 2 system was much more than that of 1 : 1 system and the maximum value was recorded at 1 : 2 with 40 kg P ha-1.
35. S. CHITRA, C. R. ANANDA KUMAR AND P. VIVEKANANDAN [Somatic embryogenesis from indica rice coleoptiles]. Crop Res. 26 (2) : 378-380 (2003). Department of Agricultural Botany, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Killikulam Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003 (Tamil Nadu), India.
ABSTRACT
Somatic embryogenesis of rice coleoptiles of eight ARC lines alongwith one japonica line. Rice coleoptiles were gone under aseptic condition on MS medium containing 2 mg 2, 4-D 1-1+0.5 mg kinetin. Sterile basal portion of coleoptile was inoculated for callus induction. Among the ARC lines, ARC 15759 and ARC 18214 had highest callus induction percentage.