Volume 26, Number 1 (July, 2003)
Titles of research papers/articles alongwith their abstracts.
For full text, please contact to Editor-in-chief at : md@cropresearch.org
1. S. Y. C. ESSAH1* AND U. R. BISHNOI [Glyphosate application timing effects on seed yield and yield components of glyphosate-resistant soybeans]. Crop Res. 26 (1) : 1-16 (2003). Department of Plant and Soil Science Alabama A&M University, P. O. Box 1208, Normal, AL 35762, USA *(e-mail : sessah@lamar.colostate.edu).
ABSTRACT
Reports on application timings and frequency of use of glyphosate [N-phosphonomethyl glycine (Roundup Ultra)] to obtain best possible seed yield in glyphosate-resistant soybeans (Glycine max) vary by cultivar, geographic location and sometimes soil type. Field studies were conducted during 1997 and 1998, in the south-eastern part of the U. S. A. to determine the influence of glyphosate application timings in three glyphosate-resistant soybean cultivars that belonged to different maturity groups. Glyphosate was applied at 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7 weeks after soybean emergence (WAE), and a sequential application was made at 2- and 6-WAE to obtain a weed free plot. A weedy check plot was maintained. In cultivars H 4994 [maturity group (MG) IV] and H 5164 (MG V), new weed emergence after a single glyphosate application at 5-WAE or later was not significant when compared to weed free treatment. A one time application of glyphosate in cultivar H 6686 (MG VI) controlled weeds as effectively as in weed-free plots. Cultivar H 4994 produced seed yields similar to weed-free yields when glyphosate was applied at 5- or 6-WAE, in 1997, but in 1998, seed yields were close to weed-free yields for the 3- and 4-WAE treatments. Cultivar H 5164 produced seed yields similar to weed-free yields when glyphosate was applied between 2- and 5-WAE. For cultivar H 6686, higher seed yields were produced, which were similar to the weed-free treatment yields, when glyphosate was applied at 2-WAE in both the years of the experiment. Data from this study suggest that weeds can be effectively controlled with a single glyphosate application in glyphosate-resistant soybeans to produce optimum seed yield. However, the type of cultivar, climatic conditions and time of weed emergence play a significant role in determining the time of glyphosate application for maximum seed yield. Yield components that correlated best with seed yield were branch and pod number plant-1 and seed weight, indicating that yield of glyphosate-resistant soybeans could be enhanced by selecting cultivars that produce more branches and pods, and have heavy seed weight.
2. THOMAS ABRAHAM AND R. B. LAL [Strategies for INM technology in sustainable edapho-cultivar management for a legume based (blackgram-wheat-greengram) cropping system for the inceptisols in the NEPZ]. Crop Res. 26 (1) : 17-25 (2003). Department of Agronomy Allahabad Agricultural Institute-Deemed University, Allahabad-211 007 (U. P.), India.
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted during 1997 to 1999 to study the integration effect of chemical fertilizer (100 and 33% RDF) and organic manures in the form of farm compost+vermicompost and farm compost+poultry manure and biofertilizers as PSB+Rhizobium or Azospirillum and PSB+two foliar applications of 33% cow’s urine. Application of farm compost+poultry manure in combination with inorganic fertilizers showed synergistic effects on the growth of the crop and increased all the yield attributes of crops. Lower dose of fertilizers individually or in combination with biofertilizers recorded at par with 100% RDF level. Pod count in case of blackgram and greengram and grain yield in case of wheat recorded maximum values treatment farm compost alongwith poultry manure, but the maximum seed yield was recorded with treatment farm compost+vermicompost in blackgram in the 1st year. The treatment PSB+cow’s urine recorded higher values of pod count, in the 1st year and for test weight and seed yield in 2nd year in greengram. The percentage organic carbon and available nutrient status of P2O5 and K2O in the soil also showed increase due to the integration.
3. SUBASH CHAND, H. N. TRIPATHI, KEDAR PRASAD AND JAG NARAIN [Studies on the role of thinning and gapfilling on productivity of early pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.)]. Crop Res. 26 (1) : 26-29 (2003). Department of Agronomy C. S. Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur (U. P.), India.
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted during 1996 and 1997 at C. S. Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur (U. P.). Treatment consisted three thinning treatments (no thinning, thinning at 11.25 cm apart and thinning at 22.50 cm apart) and two gapfilling treatments (no gapfilling and gapfilling). Wider plant spacing (thinning at 22.50 cm) gave significantly higher grain yield than no thinning and thinning at 11.25 cm apart during both the years. On an average, it increased seed yield by a tune of 3.15 q/ha or 23.03% over control. Thinning gave 18.93 more pods/plant, 4.80 g pod weight and 5.5 g grain weight/plant over no thinning. It enhanced 3.62 g test weight over no thinned plot. Gapfilling did not prove beneficial for improving the yield and yield attributes of pigeonpea.
4. M. S. RATHORE, I. SINGH AND M. S. CHANDAWAT [Effect of weed control practices on productivity of dew bean [Vigna aconotifolia (Jacq.) Marechal] cultivar RMO 40 under rainfed conditions]. Crop Res. 26 (1) : 30-32 (2003). R. A. U. Agricultural Research Station, Mandore, Jodhpur-342 304 (Rajasthan), India.
ABSTRACT
Two seasons’ mean experimental results reveal that pre-plant incorporation of fluchloralin @ 1.0 kg/ha produced seed yield (836 kg/ha) at par with weed free treatment (826 kg/ha) but significantly more over all other treatments by effectively controlling weeds which enabled the plants to produce better growth and yield attributes. It also fetched the highest gross return of Rs. 12,540/ha alongwith highest B : C ratio of 2.93. Pre-emergence application of pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg/ha showed highest WCE (83.5%) but was found to have phytotoxic effect on dew bean. Hand weeding at 45 DAS produced significantly low seed yield (489 kg/ha) in comparison to other wed control practices.
5. THOMAS ABRAHAM AND R. B. LAL [Strategies for INM technology in sustainable edapho-cultivar management for a legume based (soybean-mustard-fodder cowpea) cropping system for the inceptisols in the NEPZ]. Crop Res. 26 (1) : 33-41 (2003). Department of Agronomy Allahabad Agricultural Institute-Deemed University, Allahabad-211 007 (U. P.), India.
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted during 1997 to 1999 to study the integration effect of chemical fertilizer (100 and 33% RDF) and organic manures in the form of farm compost+vermicompost and farm compost+poultry manure and biofertilizers as PSB+Rhizobium or Azospirillum and PSB+two foliar applications of 33% cow’s urine. Application of farm compost+poultry manure or vermicompost in combination with inorganic fertilizers showed synergistic effects on the growth of the crop and showed increase in the yield attributes of crops in both the years. The values obtained for most of the parameters with 100% RDF were higher than those with lower dose of fertilizers, but the latter were statistically at par with the former. The PSB inoculation alongwith spray of cow’s urine recorded higher values of dry matter accumulation than dual inoculation of PSB and Rhizobium, in fodder cowpea. The percentage of organic carbon and available nutrient status of P2O5 and K2O in the soil also showed increase due to the intergration of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients.
6. SATYAJIT PATHAK, K. N. NAMDEO, V. K. CHAKRAWARTI AND R. K. TIWARI [Effect of biofertilizers, diammonium phosphate and zinc sulphate on growth and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)]. Crop Res. 26 (1) : 42-46 (2003). Department of Agronomy College of Agriculture, Rewa-486 001 (M. P.), India.
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted during rabi seasons of 1998-99 and 1999-2000 to study the effect of biofertilizers, DAP and ZnSO4, on growth and yield of chickpea cv. JG-315. Plant height, branches/plant, root nodulation, pods/plant, grains/pod, 1000-grain weight and grain yield were maximum at 69 kg P2O5/ha through DAP. PSB+10 t/ha FYM and 12.5 kg ZnSO4/ha proved the most beneficial. The additional net return due to P69, PSB+FYM and ZnSO4 was Rs. 8564, 6457 and 846/ha, respectively, over their respective controls. The combined influence of these inputs further augmented the net return. The seed protein and protein yield/ha were also found highest due to these treatments.
7. SATYAJIT PATHAK, K. N. NAMDEO, V. K. CHAKRAWARTI AND R. K. TIWARI [Effect of biofertilizers, diammonium phosphate and zinc sulphate on nutrient contents and uptake of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)]. Crop Res. 26 (1) : 47-52 (2003). Department of Agronomy College of Agriculture, Rewa-486 001 (M. P.), India.
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted during rabi seasons of 1998-99 and 1999-2000 to study the effect of biofertilizers, DAP and ZnSO4 on nutrient contents and uptake of chickpea cv. JG-315. N, P, K and S contents in chickpea grain were 3.884, 0.378, 0.856 and 0.327%, whereas in straw 0.837, 0.095, 0.918 and 0.219%, respectively. The corresponding total N, P, K and S uptake values in grain+straw were 89.59, 9.08, 39.93 and 11.64 kg/ha. Zn content and uptake in grain+straw was 13.66 ppm and 60.94 q/ha, respectively. Phosphorus application encouraged the uptake of these nutrients significantly. Biofertilizers like PSB+10 t FYM/ha and 12.5 kg ZnSO4/ha gave the highest uptake of these nutrients. The combined application of P69+PSB+ FYM+ZnSO4 further augmented these nutrients.
8. D. DUTTA, P. K. JANA, P. BANDOPADHYAY AND D. ROY [Performance of rice and prawn under the application of FYM, fertilizers (NPK) and fish feed in rainfed intermediate low land (0-50 cm) of coastal saline zone]. Crop Res. 26 (1) : 53-57 (2003). Department of Agronomy Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur-741 252, Nadia (West Bengal), India.
ABSTRACT
Performance of both rice (cv. NC 492) and prawn (Penaeus monodon) was assessed with the use of FYM, NPK fertilizers and fish feed during wet season in rainfed intermediate deepwater situation (0-50 cm). Inclusion of NPK fertilizers or fish feed in rice-prawn dual culture system increased yield of either rice or prawn, while use of FYM resulted in higher production of both rice and prawn. The study indicated that use of FYM might be beneficial for prawn seed rearing in low land rice ecosystem of coastal zone.
9. S. ANANDHA KRISHNAVENI AND R. BALASUBRAMANIAN [Studies on nutrient management, foliar application of growth regulators and plant product on productivity of rabi rice]. Crop Res. 26 (1) : 58-61 (2003). Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai-625 104 (Tamil Nadu), India.
ABSTRACT
Field experiments were conducted at Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai during 1997-98 and 1998-99 to study the influence of nutrient and light management practices on nutrient uptake and grain yield of late rabi rice. Application of N and K in four splits (skipping basal)+foliar spray of nutrient mixture+intercropping of Sesbania rostrata+silica solubilizing bacteria (SSB) significantly increased the LAI, DMP, nutrient uptake and finally resulted in highest grain yield of 6461 kg ha-1. Among the light management practices, foliar spray of triacontanol @ 2 ppm given at 35 and 65 DAT significantly recorded highest grain yield of 6328 kg ha-1.
10. N. K. JAIN AND B. L. POONIA [Integrated nutrient management in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) and optimizing fertilizer requirement in succeeding wheat (Triticum aestivum)]. Crop Res. 26 (1) : 62-66 (2003). R. A. U. Agricultural Research Station, Navgaon-301 025, Alwar (Rajasthan), India.
ABSTRACT
A field experiment conducted for two consecutive years (1998-99 and 1999-2000) to study the integrated nutrient management in pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. emend. Stuntz] and optimizing fertilizer requirement in succeeding wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.) emend. Fiori & Paol] at Navgaon (Alwar) showed that application of recommended dose of inorganic nutrients (90-13.2 kg NP/ha) recorded significantly higher growth and yield attributes and consequently seed and straw yields of pearl millet compared with application of farmyard manure or wormi-compost alone or integrating their use at half the rates with inorganic nutrients @ 40-8.8 kg NP/ha. The study further revealed that residual effect of manuring given to pearl millet through organic sources alone or partially supplemented with inorganic nutrients did not improve the growth and yield attributes and seed and straw yields of wheat compared with recommended dose of inorganic nutrients. However, green manuring during kharif improved all growth and yield parameters and wheat productivity significantly compared with all other treatments. Application of inorganic nutrients upto 90-13.2-24.9 kg NPK/ha resulted in significant improvement in growth and yield attributes as well as seed and straw yields of wheat beyond which no significant response was noted. When the seed yield of wheat was described as a quadratic function of nitrogen, phosphate and potash, the optimum dose of each at present market prices was found to be 99.9, 14.66 and 27.65 kg/ha, respectively, with optimum yield level of 3419.35 kg/ha.
11. MEENA SEWHAG, HARBIR SINGH, R. S. HOODA AND ANIL KHIPPAL [Response of pearlmillet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. emend. Stuntz] composites to nitrogen under rainfed conditions]. Crop Res. 26 (1) : 67-70 (2003). Department of Agronomy CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004, India.
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted at Crop Research Farm, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, during the kharif seasons of 2000 and 2001 to find out suitable pearlmillet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. emend. Stuntz] varieties/composites alongwith suitable nitrogen levels. Composite MP 387 outyielded other composites with a yield level of 2924 kg ha-1 in 2000. However, in 2001, five pearlmillet composites (MP 394, MP 398, MP 403, HC 10 and Raj 171) did not differ significantly among themselves. In each of crop seasons, pearlmillet responded linearly to N application upto 90 kg ha-1. Thus, the economic optimum dose could not be worked out.
12. R. N. SINGH, R. SUTALIYA, R. GHATAK AND S. K. SARANGI [Effect of higher application of nitrogen and potassium over recommended level on growth, yield and yield attributes of late sown winter maize (Zea mays L.)]. Crop Res. 26 (1) : 71-74 (2003). Department of Agronomy Institute of Agricultural Sciences Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005 (U. P.), India.
ABSTRACT
An experiment was carried out with four levels of nitrogen and potassium in split plot design on clay loam soil to maximize the yield potential of winter maize at the Agricultural Research Farm, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India during rabi season. Results clearly revealed that 50% HORL (higher over recommended level) of nitrogen and potassium (180 kg N and 60 kg K2O ha-1) recorded significantly higher growth and yield parameters. Grain and stover yields were significantly greater over recommended level (RL) of N and K (120 kg N and 40 kg K2O ha-1). The increase in N and K levels beyond 50% did not show further improvement upto the level of statistical significance.
13. H. S. THAKUR, O. P. GIROTHIA, S. HOLKAR AND R. A. SHARMA [Effect of land treatments on productivity of rainfed maize (Zea mays L.) varieties grown on vertisols of Madhya Pradesh]. Crop Res. 26 (1) : 75-78 (2003). AICRP on Dryland Agriculture JNKVV College of Agriculture, Indore-452 001 (M. P.), India.
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted during kharif seasons of 2000 and 2001 to study the effect of land treatments on maize (Zea mays L.) varieties at AICRP on Dryland Agriculture, JNKVV College of Agriculture, Indore. Five maize varieties were grown with two land treatments viz., flat sowing and flat sowing with earthing at 25 DAS. A significant increase in grain and straw yield by 9.4 and 5.6%, respectively, due to earthing was observed. Variety Navjot was found superior in respect of grain yield (3975 kg/ha), net return (Rs. 11584/ha) and B : C ratio of 2.20 and closely followed by maize variety JM-12 (3830 kg/ha), net return (Rs. 10858/ha) and B : C ratio 2.10 due to better performance of yield per plant. Interaction of land treatments and varieties was found statistically non-significant.
14. SANJAY ARORA AND MEGH SINGH [Phosphorus content and uptake by barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) as influenced by zinc and nitrogen]. Crop Res. 26 (1) : 79-81 (2003). Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner, Campus Jobner (Rajasthan), India.
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted on sandy loam soil (Entisol) of Rajasthan to study the effect of zinc and nitrogen fertilization on content and uptake of phosphorus in barley. Phosphorus content in barley grain and straw decreased with the increasing levels of zinc, although total P uptake increased with Zn application. Fertilization with N enhanced the content and uptake of phosphorus. Maximum P content in grain and straw was found to be 0.558 and 0.132%, respectively, with 90 kg N ha-1. Total uptake of phosphorus in barley increased both with the application of zinc as well as nitrogen. The P/Zn ratio both in grain and straw decreased significantly with increasing levels of Zn application.
15. A. CHOUDHURY AND M. C. KABI [Performance of various nitrogen fixing bacterial strains as biofertilizers for wetland rice in different agro-climatic zones of West Bengal]. Crop Res. 26 (1) : 82-85 (2003). Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science U. B. K. V., Cooch Behar-736 165 (West Bengal), India.
ABSTRACT
One pot experiment and three field experiments were conducted in Terai zone, New Alluvial, Red Laterite and Coastal Saline zones of West Bengal to assess the performance of various diazotrophs. Eight N2-fixing bacterial strains were used to inoculate wetland rice. In Terai zone, pot experiment showed that yield of rice was maximum when inoculated with Azospirillum (Ap 18). Diazotroph, D2 performed well in New Alluvial zone. In Red Laterite and coastal saline zone, maximum response in respect of grain and straw yield was exhibited by an isolate of Pseudomonas like organisms (P4).
16. JOSÉ ANTONÍO GONZÁLEZ-OREJA*, R. K. MAITI** AND DIANA LOPEZ-SANTIAGO [Exploring the relationships between macronutrients, micronutrients and heavy metals in vegetable species from Mexico : A multivariate approach]. Crop Res. 26 (1) : 86-97 (2003). Departamento de Quimica y Biologia Escuela de Ciencias, Universidad de las Américas, Puebla, C. P. 72820, Puebla, México *(E-mail : jgonzorj@mail.udlap.mx) **(E-mail : rmaiti@mail.udlap.mx).
ABSTRACT
The relationships among the contents of macronutrients (Ca, K, Mg and Mo), micronutrients (Cu, Mn and Zn) and heavy metals (Cd and Pb) in 17 vegetable species and/or varieties sold in local markets of the City of Puebla (State of Puebla, Mexico) were explored by means of a principal components analysis (PCA). The local market of origin of the studied vegetables had an irrelevant effect on the variability of the whole, raw data. The first three axes of the PCA on data averaged for markets explained 72.4% of the original variance. PCA 1, defined by high levels of K, Mg, Cu, Mn and the heavy metal Pb, separated Opuntia ficus-indica, Beta vulgaris var. cicla, Petroselinum crispum and Porophyllum ruderale from the rest of the vegetables. PCA 2, related to elevated contents of Zn and low levels of Ca and Mo, isolated Solanum tuberosum vs. Phaseolus vulgaris. PCA 3 was strongly linked to elevated concentrations of the heavy metal Cd, and set aside Capsicum annum L. var. ‘Serrano’, where maximum Cd levels were registered. In addition, Pb concentrations increased according to the vegetables sequence ‘Root'< ‘Fruit'<‘Leaf’, however, a post-hoc comparison evidenced that only the ‘Leaf’ vegetables cluster presented Pb contents statistically higher than those found in the remaining species/varieties. The heavy link found during our research between Pb and some macro and micronutrients points to the likelihood that Pb could be considered not a toxic pollutant, but a growth promotor, at least under some circumstances. All the analyzed vegetables exhibited Pb concentrations above the acceptable maximum level (ML) recorded by the FAO/WHO (the maximum being registered in B. vulgaris var. cicla), which could point to a general spread of Pb human pollution in the whole study area, probably due to the source of water for irrigation. In contrast, only C. annum L. var. ‘Serrano’ showed Cd concentration above the corresponding ML. Although we deemed the effect of local market of origin as irrelevant when explaining differences in concentrations of the elements analyzed altogether, it could be very important when investigating the levels of heavy metal (Pb and Cd) pollution in the vegetables analyzed. This, and the real food habits of the people, could modify risks to human health after exposure to polluted vegetables.
17. A. O. TOGUN*, W. B. AKANBI AND R. DRIS [Influence of compost and nitrogen fertilizer on growth, nutrient uptake and fruit yield of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)]. Crop Res. 26 (1) : 98-105 (2003). Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
*(e-mail : aotogun@yahoo.com).
ABSTRACT
The influence of maize-stover compost and N fertilizer on the growth, nutrient uptake and fruit yield of tomato was studied over a period of two years. The treatment consisted of a factorial combination of three levels of compost (0, 2 and 4 Mg/ha) and three levels of N fertilizer (0, 30 and 60 kg/ha). The experiment was laid out in a randomised complete block design with three replications. Applications of maize-stover compost and N fertilizer enhanced plant growth. Plant height, number of flowers, dry matter yield and number of fruits produced per plant were significantly improved by the different levels of compost in combination with or without N fertilizer. The results of the tomato fruit yield and yield components showed that the crop responded positively to the application of both compost and N fertilizer but response to N fertilizer was lower than that of compost. The mean fruit yields at 0, 2 and 4 Mg/ha compost were 6.7, 9.4 and 10.3 Mg/ha, respectively, while the mean fruit yields at 30 and 60 kg N/ha were 9.0 and 9.6 Mg/ha, respectively. The year effect was significant on all parameters taken except the plant dry matter. The fruit yield obtained in 1998 was 1.2 Mg/ha higher than that of 1999. Among the various two-way and three-way interactive effects, the interaction between N and compost was found to have more effect on fruit yield. As a consequence of the application of the compost, there was a reduction in the optimal levels of N fertilizer application. Optimum performance of tomato was obtained at the combined application of 2 Mg/ha compost and 30 kg N/ha. It was concluded that 2 Mg/ha compost+30 kg N/ha was adequate for growth, nutrient uptake and fruit yield of tomato.
18. DHIMAN RAY, MAHABIR CHETTRI AND S. K. MUKHOPADHYAY [Efficacy of premix formulations of clomazone and pendimethalin herbicides in potato]. Crop Res. 26 (1) : 106-109 (2003). Department of Agronomy Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur-741 252 (West Bengal), India.
ABSTRACT
Field experiments on chemical control of weeds in potato variety Kufri Jyoti were conducted at Block Seed Farm, Hooghly, West Bengal during winter seasons of 2000-01 and 2001-02. Monocot weeds accounting for 83.13% of total weed population in the weedy check, dominated the weed flora. The population and dry matter production of weeds were reduced by the premix herbicide formulations and produced significantly higher tuber yield as compared to weedy check (control) during both the years. Among the herbicides, premix formulation of clomazone+pendimethalin 15+30 EC @ 262+525 g/ha was found to be most effective and comparable with hand weeding+earthing up treatment in reducing the weed density and weed biomass, and increasing the weed control efficiency as well as number of tubers/hill, while pendimethalin 30 EC @ 750 g/ha was the least effective. Maximum tuber yield was recorded under hand weeding+earthing up treatment.
19. N. S. DODIYA AND V. N. JOSHI [Genotype x environment interaction and stability analysis for yield and maturity in maize (Zea mays L.)]. Crop Res. 26 (1) : 110-113 (2003). Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture & Technology, Udaipur-313 001 (Rajasthan), India.
ABSTRACT
Eighty-six genotypes of maize (Zea mays L.) were studied for genotype x environment interaction and stability parameters with respect to yield and maturity over three environments (locations). G x E interaction was significant for both the characters. More number of genotypes were found to be stable for maturity as compared to grain yield across the environment as indicated by the non-significant deviation from regression in stability analysis. Ten genotypes for grain yield and 19 genotypes for maturity were the most adaptable with desirable mean performance for better environments.
20. N. S. DODIYA AND V. N. JOSHI [Heterosis and combining ability for quality and yield in early maturing single cross hybrids of maize (Zea mays L.)]. Crop Res. 26 (1) : 114-118 (2003). Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture & Technology, Udaipur-313 001 (Rajasthan), India.
ABSTRACT
Line x tester analysis involving 20 lines and three testers in maize (Zea mays L.) alongwith their F1 hybrids was carried out in three environments (locations) to assess combining ability and heterosis with respect to quality and yield attributes. Combining ability analysis showed the predominant role of non-additive type of genetic component in the inheritance of all the characters studied. Inbred line Pop-30-25-1-1-1 was good general combiner for all the three quality traits alongwith 100-grain weight. Inbred line X2W-3997-2-1-1-1 for oil and starch content alongwith grain yield and inbred line X2W-3179-1-2-4-1-1 for oil and protein content alongwith grain yield and 100-grain weight were also good general combiners. Single cross Pop-30-25-1-1-1 x X1W-1076-1 had positive significant sca effects for oil and protein content alongwith grain yield and 100-grain weight with highest estimates of economic heterosis for oil content.
21. C. J. TANK, S. N. JAIMINI AND Y. RAVINDRABABU [Combining ability analysis over environments in castor (Ricinus communis L.)*]. Crop Res. 26 (1) : 119-125 (2003). Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics Gujarat Agricultural University, Sardar Krushinagar-385 506 (Gujarat), India.
ABSTRACT
The combining ability analysis over environments indicated significant general and specific combining ability variances for all the characters under study. The variance ratio suggested the major role of non-additive gene action for all the characters except effective length of main raceme and number of capsule on main raceme. Parents 48-1, DCS-9 and Jl-106 were good for seed yield, while SKI-80 x Jl-226 showed high per se performance and this cross could be commercially exploited.
22. U. C. KAR AND D. SWAIN [Residual heterosis in F2 generation of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)]. Crop Res. 26 (1) : 126-130 (2003). All India Co-ordinated Research Project on Oilseeds (Sesamum), Directorate of Research Orissa University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneswar-751 003 (Orissa), India.
ABSTRACT
In the absence of male sterile line in sesame, the practical possibility for commercial exploitation of heterosis is far reaching due to high cost of F1 seeds produced through hand emasculation and pollination. The present investigation recorded the presence of residual heterosis upto 148.32% in F2 for seed yield/plant over Uma, a widely cultivated check variety. The results advocate for commercial exploitation of desirable crosses having substantial amount of residual heterosis in F2. For this, extensive investigation for identification of such cross combinations with an emphasis to uniformity of F2 population with respect to agro-morphological characters and seed colour has been suggested.
23. MOHAR SINGH, S. K. SHARMA AND R. K. CHAHOTA [Heterosis in urdbean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper)]. Crop Res. 26 (1) : 131-134 (2003). Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062 (H. P.), India.
ABSTRACT
Forty-eight urdbean hybrids were derived from 12 lines and four testers in line x tester mating fashion. The resultant 48 crosses alongwith their parents were evaluated in a randomized block design replicated twice to estimate heterosis for 10 yield and yield related traits. Significant heterosis was observed for seed yield in 30 cross-combinations over the best check (UG-218). Heterosis for yield was generally accompanied by heterosis for yield components. Of 48 cross-combinations, 26 and 45 crosses revealed significantly negative heterosis over the best check for days to flowering and maturity.
24. A. K. SHARMA, S. P. SINGH AND M. K. SARMA1 [Genetic variability, heritability and character association in pea (Pisum sativum L.)]. Crop Res. 26 (1) : 135-139 (2003). Department of Agricultural Botany Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut-250 004 (U. P.), India.
ABSTRACT
Sixty-three genotypes of pea (Pisum sativum L.) including indigenous and exotic cultivars were studied for variability parameters and character association. All the traits under study viz., seed yield plant-1, harvest index, plant height, 100-seed weight, pods plant-1, days to 50% flowering, pod length and days to maturity exhibited significant variability. Genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were highest for seed yield plant-1 followed by pods plant-1 and biological yield plant-1. High heritability was observed for all the traits under study except days to maturity. High genetic advance as per cent of mean alongwith high heritability and GVC was observed for seed yield plant-1, biological yield plant-1 and pods plant-1. This indicates that selection for these three traits would be effective for further improvement. Character association studies indicated positive and significant association of seed yield plant-1 with biological yield plant-1, pods plant-1 and pod length. Significant negative correlation of harvest index was observed with plant height. It can be predicted that selection for the yield attributes viz., pods plant-1, pod length and biological yield plant-1 would bring improvement in seed yield plant-1. Recombination breeding may be suggested for simultaneous improvement of biological yield plant-1 and harvest index.
25. A. D. BANJO AND F. M. BANJO1 [Life history and the influence of agroclimatological factors on the spiralling whitefly (Aleurodicus dispersus (Russel) (Homoptera : Aleyrodidae) on some host plants of economic importance in south-western Nigeria]. Crop Res. 26 (1) : 140-144 (2003). Department of Biological Sciences Olabisi Onabanjo University, P. M. B. 2002, Ago Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
In 1992, the spiralling whitefly, Aleurodicus dispersus Russel was observed in south-western part of Nigeria inflicting damage to plants of economic importance. The life history and impact of agroclimatological factors on the development and life table of A. dispersus on seven host plants of importance in south-western Nigeria were investigated in 1996. The life history was completed within 25 to 28 days (x 26.7±1.1 day) survivorship from egg to adult ranges between 80-200 per 1000 eggs (x 138.1) on all host plants. Relative humidity and temperature correlated significantly with mean number of spiralling whitefly on three out of five host plants studied.
26. A. D. BANJO1, A. T. HASSAN2, L. E. N. JACKAI, A. G. O. DIXON AND I. J. EKANAYAKE [Developmental and behavioural study of spiralling whitefly (Aleurodicus dispersus) on three cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) genotypes]. Crop Res. 26 (1) : 145-149 (2003). International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
Investigation was made on the biology of Aleurodicus dispersus spiralling whitefly (SWF). The total life span ranged from 23 to 41 days. The egg, first, second and third nymphal and pupal periods varied from 6-10, 3-7, 4-7, 4-7 and 6-10 days, respectively. There was an overlapping of generations. Important natural enemy found was a small dark beetle of Stenthorus sp. Oviposition commenced within 48 h of adults emergence and usually on the lower surface of the older leaves.
27. P. M. SIDDHABHATTI, M. I. KHAN, N. S. SATPUTE AND P. N. MANE [Evaluation of different integrated pest management (IPM) modules against pod borer complex of pigeonpea]. Crop Res. 26 (1) : 150-153 (2003). Department of Entomology Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola-444 104 (Maharashtra), India.
ABSTRACT
Various integrated pest management (IPM) modules were evaluated for their efficacy against pod borer complex of pigeonpea. Modules M4 (Profenophos+NSKE+Endosulfan+Bird perches) and M5 (Bt+NSKE+Endosulfan+Bird perches) were found to be the most effective and economically feasible ones, registering 20.38 and 19.37% pod damage, 6.45 and 7.10% grain damage and 1648 and 1540 kg/ha grain yield, respectively.
28. P. A. SARAVANAN AND K. CHOZHAN [Monitoring and management of coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari (Scolytidae : Coleoptera)]. Crop Res. 26 (1) : 154-158 (2003). Department of Agricultural Entomology Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai-625 104 (Tamil Nadu), India.
ABSTRACT
Different field trials were conducted at Horticultural Research Station, Thadiyankudisai with chemical insecticides, botanicals and bio-control agents for managing coffee berry borer. Monitoring studies were also undertaken using ethanol-methanol solution (1:1) and effluvia of red and green berries in four different coloured traps. Endosulfan 0.07%, neem methanol extract 0.05% and Beauveria bassiana at 6 g/tree recorded higher control of coffee berry borer among the six chemical insecticides, five botanicals and two bio-control agents used. Coffee berry borer attraction was more during January-March in red colour trap using chemical attractant and traps with red berry effluvia as attractant.
29. P. P. NEOG AND B. B. GOGOI [Effect of organic amendments in the interaction of VAM fungus (Glomus fasciculatum) and root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) on greengram]. Crop Res. 26 (1) : 159-162 (2003). Department of Nematology Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat-785 013 (Assam), India.
ABSTRACT
The effect of four organic amendments viz., mustard cake, sawdust, poultry manure, decaffeinated tea waste (DCTW) was studied on greengram in presence of VAM fungus, Glomus fasciculatum and root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. Of the different treatments, DCTW gave the highest plant growth parameters in presence of nematode and VAM. Maximum reduction in the gall number and final nematode population in soil was recorded in this treatment.
30. M. KALPANA, M. B. CHETTI AND A. R. ALAGAWADI [Biochemical changes during development of leaves and their relationship with seed yield in cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]]. Crop Res. 26 (1) : 163-168 (2003). Department of Crop Physiology University of Agricultrural Sciences, Dharwad-580 005 (Karnataka), India.
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was undertaken during kharif seasons of 1999 and 2000 to study the biochemical changes during leaf development and their relationship with seed yield in 12 cowpea genotypes belonging to different growth habits. Observations on leaf and pod wall chlorophyll content, NRA, yield and yield components were recorded for two consecutive years, the data were pooled and analysed statistically. It was observed that the genotypes possessing higher yield and HI, irrespective of growth habit, had higher leaf and pod wall chlorophyll contents. Further, NRA at 45 DAS was found to have highly significant positive correlation with seed yield and HI and hence, it is inferred that the estimation of NRA at 45 DAS could be considered as a sound biochemical parameter for yield determination in cowpea.
31. TAPAN KUMAR HATH AND MANMATH PANIGRAHI1 [Enrichment of tukra leaves with some chemicals for improvement of economic parameters of silkworm, Bombyx mori L.*]. Crop Res. 26 (1) : 169-174 (2003). Sericulture Research Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Entomology Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Cooch Behar-736 165 (West Bengal), India.
ABSTRACT
The effect of enrichment of tukra as well as healthy leaves with ascorbic acid (1.5%), egg albumin (2%), sucrose (2%) and gentamycin (0.01%) on larval and cocoon characters was studied at two different growth stages of Bombyx mori L. at laboratory conditions during summer and autumn seasons in terai region of West Bengal. Results revealed that weight of larvae, cocoon, pupa and shell and SR% were greatly improved due to treatment with sucrose. All parameters except SR% were significantly superior when larvae were fed on healthy leaves, while higher SR% was effected due to tukra leaves. It was observed that treatments at two consecutive stages i. e. both at 4th and 5th stages enhanced larval weight and increased cocoon, pupal and shell weight and SR% significantly. Healthy leaves enriched with sucrose produced greatest impact on all parameters except SR% and cocoon and pupal weight showed the pronounced effect. It was strikingly noted that silkworms when fed on sucrose enriched tukra leaves, higher weight of cocoon, pupa and shell and SR% were obtained compared to that produced due to feeding with untreated healthy leaves. Larval weight was almost identical to that of control healthy leaves. Enrichment of tukra leaves in disease prone area may be recommended.
32. Z. CRISPIN DEL RIO*, R. K. MAITI1, J. G. FLORES-ZAVAL, MEZA HERÁNDEZ JOSE, ALFREDO ESTEBAN, A. VELEZ-SOTO AND F. PÉREZ-SANTA [Evaluation of two treatments on germination of Echinocactus grusonii (Cactaceae) in Xocoyucan, Tlaxcala, Mexico]. Crop Res. 26 (1) : 175-177 (2003). Instituto Tecnológico Agropecuario No. 29 Xocoyucan, Tlax, Mexico *(E-mail : zaidacr@hotmail.com).
ABSTRACT
The paper discusses the effects of two treatments on germination of Echinocactus grusonii. It was observed that pre-treatment with warm water gave higher germination compared to direct sowing on substrate.
33. EUGENIO SÁNCHEZ-ARREOLA, R. K. MAITI AND ANA VERA DE ALBA [Ethnomedicine of Cuetzalan, Puebla (México)]. Crop Res. 26 (1) : 178-184 (2003). Departamento de Quimica y Biologia Escuela de Ciencias, Universidad de las Américas Puebla Santa Catarina Mártir, Cholula, Puebla, CP 72820, México.
ABSTRACT
This article discusses the ethnomedicine, also called traditional medicines related to health and diseases of Cuetzalan area of Puebla, Mexico. The results of the present study indicated that 70 plant species were commonly used by the inhabitants of Cuetzalan area. The results also indicate that two plants, namely, Taraxacum officinalis and Tecoma mollis were utilized for the treatment of diabetes. Twenty-six per cent plants were used for gynaecological problems, 20% for digestive apparatus, 14% as analgesic, 13% for nervous system, 11% for urological problems, 7% for respiratory infections, 6% for skin diseases and 2% for diabetes. The information presented in this article will aid teachers, scientists, students and anyone in developing a better understanding of water potential.
34. R. K. SINGH, R. P. SINGH AND R. S. SINGH [Effect of iron on herbage and oil yield of lemon grass (Cymbopogon flexuosus)]. Crop Res. 26 (1) : 185-187 (2003). Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry Udai Pratap (Autonomous) College, Varanasi-221 002 (U. P), India.
ABSTRACT
The effect of Fe on herbage and oil yield of lemon grass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) was studied in a field experiment conducted during rainy season of 1998-99. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with six treatments (viz., 0.0, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7 and 0.8% Fe) and four replications. The foliar application of iron significantly increased the plant height as compared to control. Similarly, the number of tillers was also significantly increased over control. Maximum herbage yield was associated with 0.7% Fe (749.96 q ha-1) followed by 0.8% Fe (716.98 q ha-1), 0.6% Fe (668.02 q ha-1), 0.5% Fe (628.86 q ha-1) and 0.4% Fe (537.14 q ha-1). The maximum oil content (0.7%) was registered with control, while the maximum oil yield (449.98 kg ha-1) was obtained with application of 0.7% Fe as foliar spray.