Volume 24, No. 4 (December, 2023)
1. V. H. LAM [Predicting salinity intrusion for the coastal rice cultivation areas in the Mekong Delta]. Res. Crop. 24 (4): 637-644 (2023). 1University of Science, HCMC, Vietnam 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam *(e-mail: lvhao@hcmus.edu.vn; lamvanhaokhtn@gmail.com)
ABSTRACT
The Mekong Delta is one of the most vulnerable regions to the impacts of climate change (CC). Prolonged drought causes salinity intrusion, which has become more and more complicated and seriously affects agricultural production and residential daily life. Therefore, studies on salinity intrusion play a critical role in socio-economic development. This study applies the remote sensing techniques to predict salinity intrusion at the main estuaries across the Mekong Delta based on comparing with observed salinity data for the years 2014, 2016, and 2020, at 22 hydrology stations along the Tien River and the Hau River. The results show that salinity tends to decrease gradually, inland from the estuary; it gradually increases from January, peaking in February, March, or April, and then gradually decreases. The farthest salinity intrusion extended approximately 80 km inland, at the Ham Luong branch, and 56-61 km inland from the other branches. Overall, salinity intrusion penetrated the deepest at four main river branches in 2020. Salinity intrusion can be predicted through multiple regression models.
2. T. T. H. HOANG*, V. B. NGUYEN, H. C. HO, S. C. HO, V. N. PHAM, T. H. P. TA AND H. H. NGUYEN [Bio-agronomic characteristics of new promising short duration rice (Oryza sativa L.) lines and varieties in Central Vietnam]. Res. Crop. 24 (4): 645-651 (2023). University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue University, Hue city, Vietnam *(e-mail: htthoa@hueuni.edu.vn)
ABSTRACT
Rice is an important food crop in Vietnam and facing challenges due to climate change, limited cultivation area, and limited adaptable varieties. Therefore, field experiments were carried out in two seasons of summer 2022 and spring 2023 at the Agricultural Science Institute for Southern Coastal Central of Vietnam (ASISOV), Binh Dinh province, to evaluate the growth, development and yield of new promising short duration rice lines and varieties in Binh Dinh province. Promising 10 lines and varieties namely ANS1 (control), BDR97, BDR57, BDR79, BDR87, BDR36, Line 159, Line 243, Line 64, and Line 46 were used for the study. They were arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. Research results showed that the duration of rice lines and varieties ranged from 90 to 112 days. The yield of the lines and varieties was from 5.94 to 7.44 t/ha in the summer season 2022 and 6.42 to 8.05 t/ha in the spring season 2023. The quality of rice lines and varieties was rated from average to good. Two new promising varieties were identified, including BDR79 and BDR57, with a short duration of 91-103 days, yield from 7.27-8.05 t/ha, higher than the control variety from 11.6-20.5% and belonging to good quality classification.
3. Mukti Ram Poudel*, Madhav Prasad Neupane, Binod Panthi, Radhakrishna Bhandari, Shivalal Nyaupane, Anjali Dhakal and Harikala Paudel [Identification of drought tolerant wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypes using stress tolerance indices in the western terai region of Nepal]. Res. Crop. 24 (4): 652-659 (2023). Tribhuvan University, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS) Pakihawa Campus, Bhairahawa, Rupandehi, Nepal *(e-mail: muktipoudel8@gmail.com)
ABSTRACT
Drought is the leading abiotic factor influencing global wheat production. To evaluate the drought performance of wheat genotypes, it is essential to identify and employ stress tolerance indices. These indices are essential for evaluating variation among genotypes in their response to drought, ultimately contributing to the development of more resilient and sustainable wheat production systems worldwide.. Thus, a field experiment was conducted in alpha lattice design with twenty genotypes including three checks viz., Bhrikuti, Gautam, and RR 21 at Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS), Paklihawa Campus, Rupandehi, Nepal, under irrigated and drought conditions, to identify drought tolerance wheat in winter season of 2022. In irrigated condition, five irrigations were applied at different critical growth stages. Whereas in drought conditions, only initial irrigation was applied after field preparation, for the germination of seed, and a poly house was constructed, to restrict all forms of natural precipitation. Genotypes were harvested when they attained harvestable maturity, grain yield was recorded, and stress tolerance indices were calculated. The mean grain yield reduction was 86.88 % in drought condition. Correlation analysis showed that Yield under Stress conditions (Ys) had a significant positive correlation with Yield Stability Index (YSI)(0.911**), Geometric Mean Productivity (GMP)(0.918**), and Stress Tolerant Index (STI)(0.911**). Thus, YSI, GMP, and STI are the important stress tolerance indices considered while selecting drought tolerance genotypes. Principal component and biplot analysis revealed that Bhrikuti, BL 5116, NL 1447, NL 1508, and Gautam were stable and high-yielding drought tolerant wheat genotypes.
4. E. P. Sukhareva and A. V. Belikina* [Productivity and adaptive properties of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in arid conditions of the Lower Volga region of Russia]. Res. Crop. 24 (4): 660-665 (2023). Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences» (FSC of Agroecology RAS) Volgograd, Russia *(e-mail: belikina-a@vfanc.ru)
ABSTRACT
The difficulty of growing spring barley in the Lower Volga region is associated with the arid climate. The selection of barley varieties from the seeds offered on the market contributed to their environmental testing and assessment of adaptability in a dry climate. The purpose of the study is to conduct an environmental test of spring barley varieties to assess their yield and adaptive qualities. Environmental test 2020-2022 has showed that the tested varieties are stable and capable of producing grain. This is evidenced by the results of the dry year 2022 and the environmental index Iij = -0.6, the crop grain yield ranged from 0.45 to 2.82 t/ha. The highest average yield in the test was for the local selection varieties Novonikolaevsky 3.37 t/ha, Medikum 200-2.43 t/ha, and Kamyshinsky 23-2.18 t/ha. The variety Medicum 269 (2.02 t/ha) also stood out in terms of yield and stability. All productive varieties have an adaptability coefficient from 110 to 177. It has been established that variety has the greatest influence on grain yield in the technology of growing spring barley 58.5%, meteorological conditions 20.2%, agrotechnological measures 21.4%).
5. MASINA SAIRAM, SAGAR MAITRA, UPASANA SAHOO*, LALICHETTI SAGAR AND TADIBOINA GOPALA KRISHNA [Evaluation of precision nutrient tools and nutrient optimization in maize (Zea mays L.) for enhancement of growth, productivity and nutrient use efficiency]. Res. Crop. 24 (4): 666-677 (2023). Department of Agronomy and Agroforestry M. S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture Centurion University of Technology and Management Paralakhemundi-761 211, Odisha, India *(e mail: upasana.sahoo@cutm.ac.in)
ABSTRACT
Modern agriculture relies heavily on inputs, with nutrient application being a significant cost factor and a critical driver of crop productivity. Maize, a nutrient-demanding cereal crop, necessitates precise nutrient management to enhance yields. Optimizing nutrient application in maize is essential for timely nutrient supply and improved nutrient use efficiency. Considering these facts, a field study for two consecutive years during 2021-22 and 2022-23 rabi season was conducted by considering 13 nutrient management treatments, which were replicated three times. The treatments included the recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) along with its higher and lower levels in combination with nutrients prescribed by different precision nutrient management tools and the foliar application of nano urea. Among different nutrient management practices, the treatment chlorophyll content meter sufficiency index (SI)-based nitrogen management at SI 90-95% resulted in taller plant height (240 cm), leaf area (3259 cm2/plant), dry matter accumulation (2069 g/m2) and stem girth (8.1 cm) at harvest. The yield attributes such as number of cobs/plant (1.78), number of grains/cob (239.3), weight of cob (312 g) and number of rows/cob (14.4) were also significantly superior to RDF with the former treatment. As a result, the treatment consisting of chlorophyll content meter sufficiency index (SI)-based nitrogen management at SI 90-95% produced significantly higher grain (7.74 t/ha), stover (12.40 t/ha) and biological yield (20.12 t/ha) as well as registered higher agronomic nutrient use efficiency. The study concludes that chlorophyll content meter sufficiency index (SI)-based nitrogen management at SI 90-95% can be adopted in maize cultivation for enhancing growth, productivity and nutrient use efficiency.
6. DENNY KURNIADIE*, DEDI WIDAYAT AND RAHMA FAHMI HIDAYATI [The effectiveness of atrazine 265 g/L and nicosulfuron 35 g/L for weed control in hybrid maize plants (Zea mays L.)]. Res. Crop. 24 (4): 678-683 (2023). Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture Universitas Padjadjaran. Indonesia *(e-mail: denny.kurniadie@unpad.ac.id)
ABSTRACT
Weeds negatively affect the production of hybrid maize by competing for essential resources such as nutrients, water, and sunlight. Using a combination of herbicides has the potential to broaden the range of controlled weed species and prevent the development of herbicide resistance in weeds. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a herbicide blend containing Atrazine (265 g/L) and Nicosulfuron (35 g/L) in managing weed in hybrid maize crops. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, located in Jatinangor, Sumedang Regency, West Java, Indonesia. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design comprising of seven treatments and four replications each. The treatments included different doses of Atrazine (265 g/L) and Nicosulfuron (35 g/L) at 1.0 l/ha, 1.5 l/ha, 2.0 l/ha, 2.5 l/ha, 3.0 l/ha, as well as manual weeding and control. The results showed that herbicide combination of Atrazine (265 g/L) and Nicosulfuron (35 g/L) at a dose of 1.0 L/ha to 3 L/ha was effective in controlling the growth of the dominant weed Bidens pilosa, Ageratum conyzoides, Synedrella nodiflora, Richardia brasiliensis, Eleusine indica, Digitaria ciliaris, and total weed on hybrid maize cultivation up to six weeks after treatment. During this observation period, there were no toxicity indications to maize plants, indicating the absence of phytotoxicity.
7. UUM UMIYATI*, DENNY KURNIADIE AND FIRSTINA ISWARI [Herbicide potassium glyphosate 660 g/L as weed control in hybrid corn (Zea mays L.) cultivation under no-tillage system]. Res. Crop. 24 (4): 684-689 (2023). 1Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture University of Padjadjaran, Indonesia *(e-mail: uum.umiyati@unpad.ac.id)
ABSTRACT
Weed management during land preparation is a pivotal concern in agriculture. A viable alternative for weed control in the context of corn cultivation involves employing herbicides within the no-tillage system. Potassium salts formulated with the active ingredient glyphosate allow more effective absorption of glyphosate into the leaves This study aimed to determine the effectiveness and obtain a dose of Potassium Glyphosate 660 g/L herbicide in controlling weeds in corn cultivation with the no-tillage system. The research was conducted from January to May 2023 at the Experimental Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia. The experiment used a randomized block design (RBD) with 6 treatments and 4 replications. The treatment consisted of no-tillage with a dose of herbicide with the active ingredient Potassium Glyphosate 660 g/L dose of 1.0 L/ha, 1.5 L/ha, 2.0 L/ha, 2.5 L/ha, 3.0 L/ha, and a control (Perfect Tillage). The application of herbicide with the active ingredient Potassium Glyphosate 660 g/L was carried out once, namely 14 days before corn planting. The experimental results showed that the herbicide with the active ingredient Potassium Glyphosate 660 g/L starting at a dose of 2.0 L/ha – 3.0 L/ha was effective in controlling weeds Imperata cylindrica, Bidens pilosa, Alternanthera sessilis, Ageratum conyzoides, and Borreria alata and other weeds (Mimosa invisa, Cyperus rotundus, Synedrella nodiflora, Axonopus compressus) up to 4 weeks after planting without causing a phytotoxic effect on corn planting and preparation for planting corn and increasing the growth and yield of corn plants.
8. E. P. Sukhareva and A. V. Belikina* [Agroeconomic assessment of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) varieties in the Nizhnevolzhsky region of Russia]. Res. Crop. 24 (4): 690-695 (2023). Federal State Budget Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FSC of Agroecology RAS) Volgograd, Russia *(e-mail: belikina-a@vfanc.ru)
ABSTRACT
Grain sorghum is a valuable cereal forage crop able to produce consistent yields under arid conditions. Since the 1930s, the Federal Scientific Centre for Agroecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences has conducted work on the selection and seed production of cereal sorghum. In light of the emergence of novel sorghum cultivars on the market, it is necessary to investigate their ability to produce a grain crop in the arid conditions of the Lower Volga region.The purpose of the study is to give an agroeconomic assessment of the modern varieties of grain of sorghum in the natural and climatic conditions.Experience in ecological testing was laid in triplicate, sorghum seeds were sown in the super-elite category, agro technologicalactivities were carried out generally accepted for the zone in the Lower Volga region. As a result of observing the weather conditions and analyzing the obtained crop, it was determined that the HTC during the growing season of grain sorghum was 0.67. Correlation analysis of sorghum yield data showed that it is more dependent on precipitation. A close inverse relationship has been established: the more precipitation, the higher the sorghum yield – 0.86598. The best yield of grain sorghum was obtained in the variety of local selection sorghum Belogorskoye – 2.23 t/ha, weight of 1000 grains – 21.5 g, protein content 2.86%, fat 2.3%.The calculation of the economic efficiency of growing grain sorghum for various purposes made it possible to determine that the economic benefit from obtaining green mass of sorghum is 24.5%, silage 123%, grain 36.8%.Thus, the cultivation of grain sorghum in the Lower Volga region is effective for meeting the needs of livestock and food industries. The resulting yield of sorghum grain in the environmental test was at the level of 2.23 to 0.95 t/ha. The leader in terms of yield and nutrient content in the grain was the variety of local selection Belogorskoye.
9. OKTI PURWANINGSIH*, PUGUH BINTANG PAMUNGKAS AND C. TRI KUSUMASTUTI [Response of soybean (Glycine max L.) cultivars to inoculation of Rhizobium japonicum in coastal sandy land]. Res. Crop. 24 (4): 696-701 (2023). 1Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture Universitas PGRI Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta 55182, Indonesia *(e-mail: oktipurwaningsih71@gmail.com)
ABSTRACT
Soybean cultivars have various responses to the inoculation of Rhizobium japonicum. Inoculation of Rhizobium japonicum does not always have a positive response to soybean growth and yield. This study was conducted during March-June 2022 to analyze soybean cultivar’s response to inoculation of Rhizobium japonicum in the coastal area. This research has two factors that are arranged in Complete Randomized Design (CRD). The first factor of Rhizobium inoculation is with and without Rhizobium japonicum inoculation. The second factor is soybean cultivars, namely Grobogan, Burangrang, Argomulyo, Anjasmara, Dena 1, Gema, Kaba, Wilis, Sinabung and Gepak Kuning. The results indicated that soybean cultivars gave various responses to Rhizobium japonicum inoculation. Rhizobium japonicum inoculation can increase the nitrogen fixation of soybean cultivars in coastal sandy land. Anjasmara cultivar gave the best response in fixing nitrogen. Indicators of nitrogen fixation can be seen from the number of root nodules, root nodule dry weight, and shoot N uptake. These results can have implications in optimizing Rhizobium inoculation in coastal sandy lands to sufficient nitrogen requirements.
10. SAGAR MAITRA, UPASANA SAHOO, MASINA SAIRAM*, HARUN I. GITARI, ESMAEIL REZAEI-CHIYANEH, MARTIN LEONARDO BATTAGLIA AND AKBAR HOSSAIN [Cultivating sustainability: A comprehensive review on intercropping in a changing climate]. Res. Crop. 24 (4): 702-715 (2023). Department of Agronomy and Agroforestry Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha-761211, India *(e-mail: sairam.masina@cutm.ac.in)
ABSTRACT
The intercropping system is known for its multifaceted benefits; however, it has been mostly evaluated to quantify yield, land resource use efficiency and monetary gains. There are several underlying advantages relevant in the present context of global warming and climate change. Intercropping systems have the potential to ensure the regulation of climatic factors, efficient soil moisture utilization, maximum use of solar radiation, reduced greenhouse gas emission, more carbon sequestration and greater ecosystem services. These beneficial aspects of intercropping system have been revisited in the article. In recent times, as per the recommendation of the United Nations (UN), a major emphasis has been placed on the agricultural production systems to attain the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), while the intercropping system is the environmentally friendly and cost-effective cropping system that can address three SDGs such as zero hunger (SDG-2), climate action (SDG-13) and life on land (SDG-15). The present article focuses on the prospects of intercropping systems to meet the food security of the increasing population in the modern era of the changing climate.
11. L. P. Rybashlykova* [Comprehensive assessment of degradation and methods of phytomelioration of low-yielding soils of the Volga region]. Res. Crop. 24 (4): 716-721 (2023). Federal Research Centre of Agroecology Amelioration and Protective Afforestation of Russian Academy of Sciences 400062 Volgograd, Russia *(e-mail: Rybashlykova-l@vfanc.ru)
ABSTRACT
In the Volgograd Region, more than 3.9 million hectares of agricultural land, including 2.1 million hectares of arable land (36%), and 1.8 million hectares of hayfields and pastures (64%), are subject to degradation and desertification to one degree or another. The article presents the results of a survey of the Trans-Volga region, by the percentage ratio of areas of low-yielding soils subject to degrading factors and calculations of a complex indicator of soil Dp. It was found that the low-productive lands of the Bykovsky district are subject to a moderate level of degradation (Dp = 0.94). An increased level of soil degradation was noted in the Mykolaiv and Staropoltavsky districts with a Dp equal to 0.91 and 0.89. A high level of degradation was detected in the Leninsky, Pallasovsky and Sredneakhtubinsky districts with Dp equal to 0.87, 0.86 and 0.83, respectively. In areas with a moderate level of degradation, a set of measures with superficial improvement is proposed. With an increased and high level of degradation, it is proposed to use root and surface improvement with the use of drought-resistant and halophytic vegetation. The results of calculations of the complex, indicator of the degree of degradation of low-yielding lands of the Volga region and the proposed methods of phytomelioration are the basis for making tactical decisions to reduce the impact of degradation factors on the soil.
12. Olga Nikolskaya* and Andrey Solonkin [The influence of quince rootstock forms on the survival and growth of pear varieties in the nursery]. Res. Crop. 24 (4): 722-726 (2023). 1Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Center of Agroecology, Integrated Land Reclamation and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences” (FRC of Agroecology of the RAS), 400062, Universitetskiy Prospekt, 97, Volgograd, Russia *(e-mail: lelka-nikolskaya@mail.ru)
ABSTRACT
Pear is an important cash crop, the quality, variety and types of which vary depending on the place of growth. It is believed that undersized rootstocks not only simplify the technology of its cultivation, but also accelerate the entry into fruiting. Currently, the selection of existing high-quality varieties compatible with low-growing rootstocks is a serious problem faced by gardeners growing this crop. The aim of the study was to identify the compatibility of local adaptive pear varieties with rootstock forms of quince and to study the biometric indicators of rootstock-graft combinations when grown in a nursery. The assessment of the impact of undersized quince rootstocks on the survival and development of local pear varieties in the nursery was carried out according to generally accepted methods from 2016 to 2022. The study of the parameters of accretion and development of the components of graft was evaluated visually. Biometric data were obtained by instrumental and computational methods from a random sample of healthy plants. The most promising variety – rootstock combinations in the nursery were identified, their biometric parameters were determined and a visual assessment of compatibility in the nursery was carried out. According to all the studied indicators, the best rootstock for pear varieties was the form of quince rootstock No. 1.
13. Loretta Oduro, Joshua Allotei Allotey, Yaw Gyau Akyereko, Faustina Dufie Wireko-Manu* and Joseph O. Akowuah [A comparative study on phytochemical, nutritional and microbial load of fresh and spoiled tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum L.)]. Res. Crop. 24 (4): 727-736 (2023). 1Department of Food Science and Technology Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana *(e-mail: fdbaah@yahoo.com; fdwireko-manu.cos@knust.edu.gh)
ABSTRACT
Most Ghanaians preferably consume spoiled tomatoes due to their inexpensiveness, however, the nutritional content and health implications associated with tomato spoilage remain unknown. This study compared the nutritional and phytochemical composition, and the microbial safety of fresh and spoiled tomatoes from the Ghanaian market using standard analytical protocols. The study results revealed considerably higher levels of crude fibre (3.54%), potassium (140.80 mg/100g), and folic acid (0.07 mg/100 g) in spoiled tomatoes when compared with fresh tomato samples which recorded corresponding amounts as 0.81%, 88.88 mg/100 g and 0.04 mg/100 g, except for moisture and Vitamin C which were otherwise. Also, phytochemicals including lycopene, beta-carotene and chlorogenic acid were 58.33, 57.05 and 1.17 mg/100 g, respectively higher in spoiled tomatoes than the fresh samples. Nonetheless, microbial loads in spoiled tomatoes were very high with Total Viable Count (TVC) ranging from 3.31 to 5.52 Log10 CFU/mL and similarly unacceptable values for Total Coliform Count (TCC) and Escherichia coli, while yeast and moulds were too numerous to count (TNC). Although, the nutritional content of tomato samples in a state of senescence were observed as high, this study clearly showed that the high level of microbial contaminants recorded from the spoiled tomatoes make it unsafe for human consumption. Further studies could be conducted to investigate the impact of cooking methods on the spoiled tomatoes.
14. G. WIGUNA*, S. MUBAROK*, A. NURAINI, E. SUMINAR AND A. ZAELANI [Identification and evaluation of potential beef tomato elders for the crossing material of NIL-Sletr1-2]. Res. Crop. 24 (4): 737-743 (2023). Research Center for Horticultural and Estate Crops Research Organization for Agriculture and Food National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia *(e-mail: gung001@brin.go.id)
ABSTRACT
The beef tomato is one of the most popular and valuable tomato fruits in Indonesia. Because of this tomato consumed as fresh fruit, therefore one of the problems is fruit shelf life. Generating new cultivar with longest fruit shelf life will be a challenge such as by the crossing with NIL-Sletr1-2. A NIL Sletr1-2 line has been established in order to address this issue. However, they have never been used as breeding materials to improve the shelf life of beef tomatoes, particularly in Indonesia. The study aims to identify potential beef tomato varieties for hybridization with NIL-Sletr1-2, with an emphasis on ease of emasculation, cross-success rates, and the potential for hybrid seed production. The study was conducted in Lembang, Indonesia, at an altitude of 1250 meters above sea level, from February to September 2023. In this study, five homozygous beef tomato cultivars were crossed with the NIL strain Sletr1-2 with four replications. The results showed that hybridizing beef tomato cultivars with NIL-Sletr1-2 strains for long-shelf-life beef tomato hybrids was influenced by genetic factors. The insensitivity of NIL-Sletr1-2 strains to ethylene had a negative effect on the production of pollen. ‘Roloise’, ‘Mortgage’, and ‘Costoluto’ cultivars have high seed yield potential and are suitable for crossbreeding with NIL-Sletr1-2 strains to produce hybrid seeds.
15. Sapunkov V. L. and Guzenko A. Yu.* [Species composition of perennial weeds as influenced by mechanical steam treatment]. Res. Crop. 24 (4): 744-748 (2023). Federal State Budgetary Institution “Federal Scientific Center of Agroecology, Complex Land Reclamation and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Volgograd, Russia *(e-mail: guzenko.family@mail.ru)
ABSTRACT
Despite the great aspect of the use of chemical agents for plant protection against weeds, it is not always 100% commensurate with preparations. Since each plant develops immunity to drugs over a period of time, thus many agricultural producers strive to improve and find new methods of destroying parasites harming plants. Modern agricultural production reasonably puts forward the requirements for increasing the profitability and environmental safety of the products obtained. In this regard, there are great opportunities for the effective use of mechanical and physical methods of weed control, instead of problematic options for the use of herbicides. The improvement of tillage systems, in terms of greening agriculture, is primarily associated with their adaptation to a variety of soil and climatic conditions and in-depth differentiation in accordance with the agro-ecological requirements of crops. An optimally selected tillage system maintains a favorable phytosanitary condition of the soil for plants. Based on previous research in this area, the experience was studied and referred. The article presents the results of the number of treatments for the predominant weeds in the Southern Federal District of the Russian Federation. Taking into account early studies, it was revealed that due to the increased share of grain crops in the crop rotation, the amount of weed vegetation in the field increases over the years. We chose the chisel treatment method by the working bodies of the “Ranch” with a reservoir turnover of 0.12-0.15 m. When taking into account the clogging, the methods of A.M. Tulikov were used. There is a noticeable reduction in the contamination of certain plant species in all the years of the study for 2020-2022. Therefore, the goal was set to study each type of weed vegetation after cultivations prevailing in the Southern Federal District. The results were reliable and complete. By carrying out multiple cultivations, it was possible to identify weed vegetation most susceptible to processing by chisel organs of the “RANCH” without the introduction of chemical means of protection.
16. JING FENG, BAHRAN KNFE YAKOB, SHIMENDI GDE OKBAGABIR* GHEBRIEL OKBATINSAE DEKIN, ERICKSON TCHUDA LOPES MAM AND MEISAM ZARGAR [Impact of eco-physiological factors on the weed seed germination and emergence: A review on its role in weed management]. Res. Crop. 24 (4): 749-758 (2023). 1Department of Agrobiotechnology Agrarian Institute Technological RUDN University, Moscow, Russia *(e-mail: shimendigde20@gmail.com; Pr@rudn.ru)
ABSTRACT
Dormancy is a typical feature of many weed seed populations, which makes forecasting the time and magnitude of weed emergence difficult. The mean minimum temperatures required for undergoing germination of different weed seeds varies considerably depending on the place of their origin as well as the season on which the plants grow. For instance, the temperature requirement for the germination of summer weeds was observed to be 40% higher than for the winter weeds. Decreasing the water potential from 0 Mpa (mega pascal) to -1.0 Mpa tends to reduce the germination capacity of many weed seeds with some seeds totally failing to germinate at -1.0 Mpa (Chloris truncate, Retama raetam). The effects of planting depth on seed germination and seedling growth of Aframomum citratum on varied soil types indicated that sowing depth greatly influenced the plant’s cumulative germination percentage and early growth. The seeds of Sysimbrium officinale (L.), a summer annual species, displayed greater sensitivity to nitrates and lost dormancy throughout the winter. The germination of Thlaspi arvense was also discovered to be stimulated by nitrate only in the presence of light. Tilling the surface of soil has a positive impact in the weed seed germination, however if the tillage depth increases more than 9cm, it tends to lower down the germination of several weed species. However, weed seeds of Bernard grass are among the exceptions in which they germinate better at a shallow depth (2cm). The nature and the thickness of the mulching component influence the germination of weed seeds. Thicker mulches and mulching materials like pearl millet resulted in a greater suppression of the weed seed germination due to an increased allelopathic effects.
17. Goryunov Denis, Pikunova Anna*, Knyazev Sergey, Dolzhikova Maria, Pavlenko Anna and Goryunova Svetlana [The chloroplast genome of black currant (DNA.) cultivar ‘Kipiana’: genome structure and chloroplast Simple Sequence Repeats]. Res. Crop. 24 (4): 759-764 (2023). Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK), 302530 Orel, Russia *(e-mail: pikunova@orel.vniispk.ru)
ABSTRACT
The study has been conducted in year 2022-2023 at Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK), 302530 Orel, Russia with help of computational resources provided by the Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia. Ribes nigrum, commonly known as black currant, is a perennial deciduous shrub having an economic importance. Though of economical importance of Ribes nigrum its complete chloroplast genome sequences is not published yet. Here, the complete chloroplast genome of black currant cultivar ‘Kipiana’ was sequenced using Illumina sequencing technology and de novo assembled for the first time. Simple sequence repeats were detected and located in the chloroplast genome. The plastome is 157,450 bp in length, with a GC content of 38.1%. The chloroplast genome is features a typical quadripartite structure, consisting of a pair of inverted repeat regions of 26,007 bp for each repeat unit, separated by a large single copy region of 87,086 bp, and a small single copy region of 18,350 bp. A total of 133 genes were annotated in the plastome, including 85 protein coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, 8 rRNA genes and 3 pseudogenes (both copies of ycf15 and one copy of ycf1 gene). Totally 66 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were identified within the assembled Ribes nigrum plastid genome. Thus, our study provides genomic resources and valuable reference for marker development and phylogenomics in Ribes.
18. Sindab Sami Jassim Al-Dahwi, Hala Kadhem Jbir Al-Jubouri* and Zeena MOFEED MAHMOD Al-Mrsomi [Effect of Acarus siro L. infestation on germination of wheat and barley seeds under laboratory conditions]. Res. Crop. 24 (4): 765-773 (2023). Plant Protection Department College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences University of Baghdad, Jadriyah, Baghdad, Iraq *(e-mail: hala.kadhem1004@coagri.uobaghdad.edu.iq)
ABSTRACT
A laboratory study was conducted to assess the effect of mite infestation with the grain on the germination of wheat (IPA-99 variety) and barley (Al-Khair variety) seeds. The mite was diagnosed in stored and infested wheat and barley seeds as grain mite (cheese mite) Acarus siro L. The results showed that infestation of wheat and barley seeds with A. siro had a significant impact on their germination percentage, whether the seeds were unwashed or washed. The percentage of infestation and germination in wheat seed samples reached 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 reached 45.00%, 80.00%, 91.67%, 93.75%, and 96.00% with a germination rate of 55.00%, 20.00%, 8.33%, 6.25%, and 4.00% for unwashed seeds, respectively. For washed seeds, the infestation rate was 40.00%, 62.50%, 80.00%, 85.00%, and 90.00% with a germination rate of 60.00%, 37.50%, 20.00%, 15.00%, and 10.00%, respectively. Whereas, for barley seeds, the percentage of infestation and germination in the samples 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 reached 35.00%, 72.50%, 83.33%, 88.75%, and 94.00% with a germination rate of 65.00%, 27.50%, 16.67%, 11.25%, and 6.00% for unwashed seeds, respectively. For washed seeds, the infestation rate was 25.00%, 57.50%, 70.00%, 81.25%, and 90.00% with a germination rate of 75.00%, 42.50%, 30.00%, 18.75%, and 10.00%, respectively. The results also showed that infestation of wheat and barley seeds had a greater impact on reducing their germination percentage in unwashed samples compared to washed samples, with significant differences. Unwashed wheat seed samples achieved the highest infestation rate and the lowest germination rate at 81.28% and 18.72%, respectively. Unwashed barley seed samples achieved the highest infestation rate and the lowest germination rate at 74.72% and 25.28%, respectively. It is also noted that the highest infestation rate and the lowest germination rate for wheat and barley seeds were observed in the 100 samples, while the lowest infestation rate and the highest germination rate were found in the 20 samples for both unwashed and washed seeds, respectively. The results indicated that wheat was more preferred by the mite than barley in both unwashed and washed seed samples.
19. S. Yu. Turko* [Influence of weather conditions on the productive potential of pasture ecosystems in the south of Russia (Based on artificially created models)]. Res. Crop. 24 (4): 774-778 (2023). Federal Research Centre of Agroecology, Amelioration and Protective Afforestation of Russian Academy of Sciences, 400062 Volgograd, Russia *(e-mail: turkosvetlana73@mail.ru)
ABSTRACT
For the rational use of degraded pastures and the fight against desertification, it is necessary to apply phytomelioration of territories more widely. The most effective will be the use of communities consisting of shrubs, semi-shrubs and perennial grasses. To identify on this further, the study was conducted at the experimental sites of the Agroecology Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the period from 2019 to 2022. In this study, artificially created models of long-term pasture ecosystems were utilized. In the arid conditions of the south of Russia, weather conditions had the greatest impact on the productivity of the created pasture models (share of influence is 81-85%), while the yield of dry fodder mass of the herbaceous-semi-shrub layer varied from 1.2 to 3.9 t/ha, depending on the seasonality of the pasture and the composition of the soil substrate. The highest yield of phytomass is formed on pastures created on a chernozem-like sandy loam substrate (humus horizon of chernozem-like sandy loam soil) on spring-summer pastures, the yield increase is 33% higher compared to spring-summer pastures on a light chestnut sandy substrate (a product of Aeolian processing of light chestnut soil). On all types of pastures, groups of cereals were leading in terms of biomass. Analysis of the multiple regression equation between the phytomass yield of model pastures (y3), temperature (x1) and precipitation of the warm period (x2) on pastures with a chernozem–like soil substrate showed that the multiple correlation coefficient R = 0.96 – this states a close relationship between the effective indicator and two factors. The multiple determination coefficient R2 = 0.98 means that 98% of the variation in the phytomass yield level is taken into account by the regression equation and 2% is accounted for by unaccounted factors on a light chestnut sandy substrate. The moderate correlation dependence of the yield of the fodder mass of model pastures (y3) on a plot with a light chestnut sandy substrate on the temperature in the warm period (x1), the component (r=0.52) indicates a significant effect on the yield of precipitation of the warm period (x2) with r=0.94.
20. D. K. Suchkov* and A. V. Koshelev [Ameliorative role of shrub belts on light-chestnut soils of sub-arid agro-landscapes]. Res. Crop. 24 (4): 779-783 (2023). Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences» (FSC of Agroecology RAS), 400062 Volgograd, Russia *(e-mail: suchkov1992@yandex.ru)
ABSTRACT
Forest plantings have a positive impact on soils, at the same time, the issues related to the role of shrub belts in the reclamation activities are poorly studied. There is a need to investigate their impact, especially in relation to saline soils. Today, tree plantations are more preferable than shrubs within the framework of steppe afforestation carried out in the arid zone. The purpose of the present study is to determine the reclamation efficiency of field-protective forest plantations, consisting of both tree stands and shrub belts, on solonetz soils. The research was conducted from 2020 to 2022 on the experimental plot laid in 1989-1991 in Kotelnikovsky district of Volgograd region. The experiments were conducted with the use of general research methods applied in agroforestry on a site area of 651.3 hectares. Soil sites were laid out according to the developed and standard methodology. From this study, a detailed evaluation of the forest conditions of the experimental site was determined. In general, they are unfavorable for growing protective forest plantations. The soils are saline to a different extent, the reserves of productive moisture are extremely limited, the positive and negative temperatures are extreme, and the relative air humidity is low. The reclamation efficiency of forest belts with inclusions of shrub belts on solonetz soils shows a positive impact of the shrub phytomass on the agroecology of arable land.
21. DARIA SAPRONOVA**, ALEXANDER BELYAEV, ALIYA KHUZHAKHMETOVA* AND VASILY SAPRONOV [Technological aspects of growing Juglans nigra (L.) with closed root system for agroforestry in arid regions]. Res. Crop. 24 (4): 784-788 (2023). Federal Research Centre of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Forest Reclamations of the Russian Academy of Science (Federal Research Center of Agroecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences) 97 Universitetskiy Prospekt, 400062, Volgograd, Russia (e-mail: *avfanc@yandex.ru; **sapronova.darya@mail.ru)
ABSTRACT
Black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) as a multipurpose durable species has found application in agroforestry in temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. The deficit of J. nigra planting material is a limiting factor in increasing the area under this crop in agroforestry in arid regions. There is no or fragmentary information on the technology of cassette cultivation of black walnut in the closed ground. Juglans nigra (L.) is a large tree and favorably differs from other representatives of the genus Juglans (L.) by its longevity and ornamental character. The experiment on seed propagation was conducted at the nursery of the Nizhnevolzhskaya station, Volgograd region, Russia on selection of woody species from May 2022 to September 2023 in closed ground conditions. The optimal dates of harvesting (October) and sowing (2nd decade of May) for the southern subjects of Russia were proposed. Observance of technological aspects provides ground germination by July up to 75%, which is 6% higher. The developed regulation of agrotechnical methods (collection, storage of nuts, sowing, watering, fertilization, etc.) provides production of standard planting material (200 seedlings/m2) for one growing season.
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