Volume 57, Number 3 (May 2022)
1. LALICHETTI SINDHU, M. DEVENDER REDDY AND A. SIVASANKAR* [Effect of different transplanting dates and age of seedlings on the performance of rice variety RNR 15048 in Odisha]. Crop Res. 57 (3) : 97-103 (2022). M. S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Parlakahemundi-761 211, Odisha, India *(e-mail : agepati.sivasankar@cutm.ac.in)
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted on RNR 15048 rice variety during Kharif (June–November) 2021 at Experimental Farm, M.S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of technology and management, Paralakhemundi, Odisha on sandy loam soil with four dates of planting and three age of seedlings in split plot design with three replications. The treatments consisted of four dates of transplanting (29th July, 7th, 17th and 27th August, 2021) as main plot and three age of seedlings (35, 25 and 15 days old seedlings) as sub-plot. The grain and biological yield and the growth parameters (plant height, dry matter accumulation, leaf area index, and yield attributes – number of panicles, and number of spikelets and filled spikelets per panicle and panicle length) were significantly higher in the crop transplanted on 29th July over that observed with 7th August, 17th August and 27th August dates of transplanting. The extent of a reduction in grain yield with delayed plantings in 7th, 17th and 27th August was 12, 20 and 31% over that recorded in 29th July transplanted crop. The grain, straw and biological yield and number of spikelets and filled spikelets and panicle length did not vary differ significantly among crop transplanted with different aged seedlings. The experimental results suggested that, the RNR 15048 rice variety transplanted on 29th July, 2021 by using 25-day old seedling resulted in higher growth, yield and economics as compared to that planted late and using older or younger seedlings.
2. MONIKA A.*, MANOGNA G., CHAURASIA, N. K., PUSPALATA G. AND DURGA DATTA MEHAR [Determination of yield potential of rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes in Gajapati district of Odisha]. Crop Res. 57 (3) : 104-107 (2022). Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi-761 211, Odisha, India *(e-mail : monika.@cutm.ac.in)
ABSTRACT
Rice (Oryza sativa L.), often known as “Global Grain,” is the primary diet of half of the world’s population. The experimental area i.e., Gajapati district of Odisha lies between 18°.6’ to 19°.39’ North Latitude and 83°.48’ to 84°.08’ East Longitude. Climatic condition of this district varies between 16oC to 40oC and the normal rainfall received is 1403.30 mm. Analysis of variance for seven quantitative traits revealed highly significant mean squares due to genotypes for all the characters studied indicating that genotypes differed among themselves and there existed considerable variability. The mean performance of grain yield per plant ranged from 27.50g to 8.88g for the genotype Samba Mahsuri Sub1 and Swarna Sub1, respectively. The genotype namely, Samba Mahsuri Sub1 (27.50g) and JGL 24423 (19.47g) were found to be significantly higher grain yielder than the check, MTU 1061. The genotype namely, Hasantha and Sugandha Samba were found to be at par with check while, remaining genotypes showed significantly lower grain yield than the check, MTU 1061.
3. DUKKA PRANAV REDDY*, ARUNABHA PAL AND M. DEVENDER REDDY [Effect of nitrogen levels on yield of rice varieties during kharif in South Odisha]. Crop Res. 57 (3) : 108-112 (2022). M. S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi-761 211, Odisha, India *(e mail : 200805190013@cutm.ac.in)
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted at Experimental Farm of M. S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Paralakhemundi during kharif season of 2021 in south Odisha to study the effect of different nitrogen levels on the rice varieties. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three rice varieties, namely MTU 7029 (Swarna), BPT 5204 (Samba Mahsuri) and BPT 3291 (Sona Mahsuri) in main plots and four levels of N (0, 50,100 and 150 kg N/ha) in sub plots. The plant height and dry matter, yield attributes and grain yield were significantly higher in variety MTU 7029 (Swarna) over BPT 5204 and BPT 3291 (Sona Mahsuri). Application of 100 kg N/ha recorded significantly higher yield over 0, 50 and 150 kg N/ha. Application of 100 kg N/ha to variety BPT 5204 was found suitable for getting higher yield in southern Odisha in kharif season.
4. LALICHETTI SINDHU*, A. SIVASANKAR AND M. DEVENDER REDDY [Evaluation of thermal indices and their relationship with crop growth and yield as influenced by transplanting dates and seedling age in rice variety RNR 15048 grown in South Odisha]. Crop Res. 57 (3) : 113-121 (2022). Department of Agronomy, M. S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi-761 211, Odisha, India *(e mail : sindhu.lali98@gmail.com)
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted with rice variety RNR 15048 at Experimental Farm, M. S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology & Management, Paralakhemundi, Gajapati district, Odisha to evaluate heat efficacy of the crop transplanted under four dates (29th July, 7th, 17th and 27th August, 2021) with three age of seedlings (35, 25 and 15 days) during Kharif season of 2021. The heat units, i.e., Growing-degree days (GDD), Photothermal Units (PTU) and Heliothermal Units (HTU) were computed at different crop phenological stages. Accumulated values of GDD, PTU, HTU and growth parameters (CGR and NAR) were always higher on 29th July transplanted crop compared to others. Among different seedling ages, transplanting 25 days aged seedling recorded higher heat units and growth rates than over-aged (35days) and younger (15days) seedlings throughout the crop growth. CGR and NAR were significantly influenced by the transplanting dates (D) and the age of seedlings (A) while the interaction between D x A was found to be non-significant. The heat units (GDD, PTU and HTU) were found to be significantly positively correlated with CGR, TDM and grain yield at different crop growth stages, where r values were found to be highly significant during panicle initiation to flowering (60 to 90 days) and flowering to maturity stages (90 days to harvest). Heat use efficiency (HUE) for grain and straw yields were higher with 29th July transplanted crop as well as with use of 25 days old seedling. It is concluded that transplanting of RNR 15048 rice variety on 29th July using seedlings of 25 days enables efficient utilization of weather parameters such as sunlight and heat (in terms of temperature) in different phenological stages (seedling to final harvest) through a higher accumulated GDD, PTU, HTU as well as HUE values that would result in better crop growth and yield.
5. SOUVIK NANDI, SAGAR MAITRA*, TANMOY SHANKAR, MONALISHA PANDA AND MASINA SAIRAM [Impact of intercropping of vegetable legumes in summer maize on productivity and competitive ability of crops]. Crop Res. 57 (3) : 122-127 (2022). Department of Agronomy, M. S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management Paralakhemundi-761 211, Odisha, India *(e mail : sagar.maitra@cutm.ac.in)
ABSTRACT
Maize (Zea mays L.), the queen of cereals, has versatile use as food, feed and industrial purpose and the area under maize is increasing during recent times. As a widely spaced crop, it offers inclusion of intercrops without reducing the optimum plant stand. Intercropping legumes in maize is widely practiced to herness the efficient use of resource and multiple advantages. Based on the above facts, an experiment was conducted during summer season of 2021 on intercropping maize with legumes at Experimental Farm of Centurion University of Technology and Management, Parlakhamundi, Odisha. The experiment was carried out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) comprising of nine treatments namely, T1: Maize sole, T2: Cowpea sole, T3: Cluster bean sole, T4: Maize + Cowpea (2:1), T5: Maize + Cowpea (2:2), T6: Maize + Cowpea (2:3), T7: Maize + Cluster bean (2:1), T8: Maize + Cluster bean (2:2) and T9: Maize + Cluster bean (2:3). The results revealed that the yield attributes of maize such as number of cobs/plant, number of rows/cob, number of seeds/row, test weight and cob length and maize yield were not significantly influenced among the treatments. In case of Land Equivalent Ratio (LER), the values obtained in all the intercropped treatments were greater than unity which clearly showed that intercropping was advantageous. However, the maximum LER and Area Time Equivalent Ratio (ATER) were obtained from 2:3 row proportion of maize + cluster bean and it was followed by maize + cowpea in 2:3 row ratio. Product of Relative Crowding Coefficient (RCC) was found maximum in the case of maize + cowpea (2:3). The competitive ratio depicts that those legumes were more competitive over maize. The study indicated that intercropping 2:3 row proportion of maize + vegetable legumes were advantageous over pure stand of maize.
6. PADDA PRASANTH KUMAR, TANMOY SHANKAR*, SAGAR MAITRA, MASINA SAI RAM AND THANDRA BHAVANA [Effect of nutrient omission on growth and productivity of maize (Zea mays L.)]. Crop Res. 57 (3) : 128-135 (2022). M. S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, India *(e-mail : tanmoy.shankar125@gmail.com)
ABSTRACT
Maize is one of the important cereal crops in India as well as the world. The crop responds well to added nutrients and the application of optimum nutrients is essential to improve the productivity of maize. Hence, to find out the effect of different macronutrients on maize, a field experiment was carried out nutrient omission plot technique during the rabi season of 2021 at the Experimental Farm of M. S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha (23o39’ N latitude and 87o42’ E longitude). The experiment was designed in a completely randomized block design with eight treatments and three replications. The treatments of the experiment were as follows T1: N100P100K100 (Ample dose), T2: N0P100K100, T3: N100P0K100, T4: N100P100K0, T5: N100P0K0, T6: N0P100K0, T7: N0P0K100 and T8: N0P0K0 (Control). The seeds of maize hybrid ‘Suphala Seeds Sharp’ were sown in a row x plant spacing of 60cm x 25cm. The results showed that the impact of nutrient omission in maize was reflected on both the growth and yield parameters of maize. The treatment N100P100K100 (T1) resulted in highest plant height (204.3 cm), dry matter accumulation (1648 g/m2), leaf area Index of (5.2), number of grains per cob (327) and highest grain yield (6.4 t/ha) with maximum harvest index (42.03). The treatments consisting of N100P0K100 (T2) and N100P100K0 (T3) were also statistically at par with the previous treatment. Further, the treatments with omission of two or more major nutrients, namely, T5: N100P0K0, T6: N0P100K0 and T7: N0P0K100 were significantly inferior in expression of all growth and yield attributes of maize to N100P100K100. The results concluded that application of ample doses of three primary nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were essential to achieve optimum growth and productivity of maize.
7. SUMANTA SAMUI, LALICHETTI SAGAR*, TANMOY SANKAR, ABHA MANOHAR, RAHUL ADHIKARY, SAGAR MAITRA AND SUBHASHISA PRAHARAJ [Growth and productivity of rabi maize as influenced by foliar application of urea and nano-urea]. Crop Res. 57 (3) : 136-140 (2022). Department of Agronomy and Agroforestry, M. S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi-761 211, Odisha, India *(e mail : lalichetti.sagar@cutm.ac.in)
ABSTRACT
Globally, to meet the increased food demand due to the rapidly expanding population, overuse of nitrogen-based fertilizers is escalating. Unprecedented use of nitrogen besides polluting the environment, it brings about amplified susceptibility to biotic and abiotic stress. Maize is the predominant crop in rainfed regions of Southern Odisha. Hence, there is a need to optimize the use of nitrogen based fertilizers using nanotechnology. In this regard, the present investigation was set out in randomized block design with 11 treatments and three replications. The study revealed that adoption of 100% RDN + foliar spray of nano-urea @ 4ml/L, twice at knee stage and tasseling stage was superior in influencing morphology, yield attributes and yield of rabi maize. However, since adoption of 75% RDN + foliar spray of nano urea @ 4ml/L at knee stage and tasseling stage was significantly at par with 100% RDN this might be a most appropriate managerial alternative to achieve sustainability.
8. DEVALARAJU JANAKINADH VARMA*, RAHUL ADHIKARY, M. DEVENDER REDDY AND SAGAR MAITRA [Influence of nitrogen and phosphorus on growth and yield of summer maize (Zea mays L.)]. Crop Res. 57 (3) : 141-144 (2022). Department of Agronomy, M. S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi-761 211, Odisha, India *(e-mail : janakinadhvarma@gmail.com)
ABSTRACT
An experiment on the response of maize (Zea mays) to different levels of nitrogen and phosphorus was conducted during the summer season of 2021 at Experimental Farm, M. S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design comprising four levels of nitrogen (0, 60, 120, 180 kg N/ha) and three levels of phosphorus (0, 40, 80 P2O5/ha) with three replications. The maize hybrid sharp was sown on February 24th, 2021. The application of 180 kg N/ha registered significantly higher growth (plant height and leaf area index) than other treatments. The grain and stover yield and yield attributes in the former treatment were comparable with 120 kg N/ha and significantly superior to other treatments. Application of 80 kg P2O5/ha recorded significantly higher growth and yield attributes, grain yield, and stover yield.
9. AISHWARYA KAMSU, RAJESH S KALASARE*, SAGAR MAITRA, RAHUL ADHIKARY AND SAMEER MAHAPATRO [Response of summer maize (Zea mays L.) to different doses of nitrogen and potassium]. Crop Res. 57 (3) : 145-150 (2022). Department of Agronomy, M. S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi-761 211, Odisha, India *(e-mail : rajesh.kalasare@cutm.ac.in)
ABSTRACT
The present experiment has been carried out at the research farm at Bagusala under M. S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha during the year 2021 to find out the response of summer Maize (Zea mays L.) to different doses of Nitrogen and Potassium. The experiment was laid out with total number of nine treatments, viz. T1:80 kg N + 0 kg K /ha, T2:100 kg N + 0 kg K /ha, T3 :120 kg N + 0 kg K /ha, T4 :80 kg N + 50 kg K /ha, T5 :100 kg N + 50 kg K /ha, T6 :120 kg N + 50 kg K /ha, T7 :80 kg N + 80 kg K /ha, T8:100 kg N + 80 kg K /ha and T9:120 kg N + 80 kg K /ha. The treatments were laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. The results revealed that highest plant height (203 cm), number of leaves (19.8), more dry matter accumulation (1638.5 g/m2) at harvest stage, higher leaf area index (5.4), grain yield (6384 kg/ha), stover yield (8346 kg/ha), biological yield (14730 kg/ha), harvest index (43.2%) was obtained from treatment 120 kg N + 80 kg K /ha and it was followed by 120 kg N + 50 kg K /ha, 100 kg N + 80 kg K /ha, 100 kg N + 50 kg K /ha, 8sss0 kg N + 80 kg K /ha at different growth stages. For expression of growth parameters, yield attributes and yield application of 120 kg N + 80 kg K /ha (T9) proved its superiority over other treatments.
10. MANDAPATI NARENDRA VARMA, JNANA BHARATI PALAI*, ASHIRBACHAN MAHAPATRA AND MONISANKAR BERA [Growth, yield and economics of hybrid maize (Zea mays L.) as affected by plant density and fertilizer levels]. Crop Res. 57 (3) : 151-155 (2022). M. S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi-761 211, Odisha, India *(e-mail : jnana@cutm.ac.in)
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2021-2022 at the Bagusala Experimental Farm of MSSSoA, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Gajapati, Odisha, to find out the influence of plant density and levels of fertilizer on growth, yield and economics of maize. Split plot design was adopted to conduct the experiment with 3 plant densities as main plot (P1: 76923, P2: 66666 and P3: 55555 plants/ha) and 4 levels of fertilizer as subplots (F1: 75% of recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF), F2: 100% RDF, F3: 125% RDF and F4: 150% RDF) having total twelve treatment combinations and three replications. The results revealed that there was no significant effect of different plant densities of maize on growth attributes such as plant height, number of leaves/plant and leaf area index (LAI) during peak period. But the treatment P1: 76923 plants/ha, showed significantly higher dry matter accumulation as well as yield compared to remaining plant densities. However, among the levels of fertilizers F4: 150% of RDF resulted significantly higher all the growth and yield parameters. The treatment combination P1F4 (P1: 76923 plans/ha along with F4: 150% of RDF) proved as best treatment combination because of highest net return (Rs. 83032/-) and B:C ratio (1.65).
11. RATAN KUMAR ROUT, ASHIRBACHAN MAHAPATRA*, TANMOY SHANKAR, RAHUL ADHIKARI, MONALISHA PANDA AND ASHISA KUMAR SIAL [Growth and productivity of maize in response to straw mulch and nitrogen management]. Crop Res. 57 (3) : 156-160 (2022). M. S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi-761 211, Odisha, India *(e-mail : ashirbachan@gmail.com)
ABSTRACT
Cereal crops are more nutrient and moisture-dependent than other crops. Maize (Zea mays L.) is the world’s most popular cereal crop for daily consumption and India’s third-largest grain crop after rice and wheat. Maize is susceptible to fertilizer treatments particularly nitrogen, and moisture. Maize requires a huge amount of nitrogen fertilizer, as well as a lot of moisture in the soil for better growth and production. In view of the above findings, a field trial was conducted in sandy loam soil at Centurion University of Technology and Management’s Bagusala Research Farm in Gajapati, Odisha during rabi season of 2021-22 to analyze the effect of mulching and nitrogen on maize growth and productivity in the rabi season. A split-plot design with three replications was used for the research in which three levels of straw mulching (no mulching, straw mulching @ 2.5 t/ha and @ 5 t/ha) as main plots and four levels of nitrogen [75, 100, 125 and 150% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN)] as the sub plots were included. The research findings indicated that the application of straw mulching @ 5 t/ha and 150% RDN recorded the best growth parameters and yield attributes and yield among all other combinations of mulching and nitrogen levels. The application of straw mulching @ 5t/ha and 150% RDN resulted maximum grain yield (7.26 t/ha) and stover yield (9.11 t/ha) with a conclusion that straw mulching along with nitrogen fertilizer play a vital role in boosting the growth and productivity of maize.
12. PUCHAKAYALA SAI MANOJ KUMAR, ASHIRBACHAN MAHAPATRA*, SAGAR MAITRA AND MASINA SAI RAM [Effect of foliar application of nutrients on growth and productivity of rabi maize (Zea mays L.)]. Crop Res. 57 (3) : 161-165 (2022). Department of Agronomy, M. S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi-761 211, Odisha, India *(e-mail : ashirbachan@gmail.com)
ABSTRACT
Maize being the third important cereal crop after rice and wheat in terms of area and production plays an important role in food security. Like other cereal crops it utilizes greater amount of nutrients from soil. Still the farmers are not getting potential yield in summer maize. Foliar application of nutrients like nitrogen and potassium can enhance the yield and profit of farmers as it can accelerate the crop growth and help in partitioning of photosynthate in sink having a linear relationship of these nutrients with net assimilation ratio. Keeping in the view of the above points, this experiment was conducted at Bagusala Research Farm of Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi, Odisha using Randomized Block Design comprising three replications and nine treatments i.e., T1: Control, T2: Urea 0.5%, T3: Urea 1%, T4: K2SO4 0.5%, T5: K2SO4 1%, T6: Urea 0.5% + K2SO4 0.5%, T7: Urea 0.5% + K2SO4 1%, T8: Urea 1% + K2SO4 0.5% and T9: Urea 1% + K2SO4 1%. All the foliar applications were done at tasseling stage of the crop. Crop growth parameters (plant height, dry matter accumulation/m2, leaf area index and stem girth), yield parameters (number of cobs/plant, number of grains/cob, cob length, cob girth and test weight) and yield (grain yield, stover yield and harvest index) were recorded and economics (net return and benefit cost ratio) were calculated. All the treatments significantly influenced the growth, yield parameters and yield. Among the treatments, foliar application of Urea 1% + K2SO4 1% performed the best achieving higher growth and grain yield (5.80 t/ha) and obtaining the highest net return (Rs. 62,597/-) and benefit cost ratio (1.37).
13. SATADAL SAMANTA, SAGAR MAITRA*, TANMOY SHANKAR, DINKAR GAIKWAD, LALICHETTI SAGAR, MONALISHA PANDA AND SUMANTA SAMUI [Comparative performance of foliar application of urea and nano urea on finger millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn)]. Crop Res. 57 (3) : 166-170 (2022). Department of Agronomy, M. S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi-761 211, Odisha, India *(e-mail : sagar.maitra@cutm.ac.in)
ABSTRACT
During the recent time, small millets are re-evaluated as ‘nutri-cereals’ because of their nutritional quality. Among various small millets, finger millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn) is of prime importance due to its potential in terms of production and productivity. Though finger millet is a less nutrient demanding crop, improved varieties respond well to added nutrients. Nitrogen is the most limiting macro-nutrient that determines the crop productivity. However, soil application of nitrogen in the form of chemical fertilizer might be subjected to different losses. Foliar application of urea is a well-known strategy to abate acute deficiency at any crop growing stage. Recent developments in the field of nano-technology and release of IFFCO nano-urea enhance the scope of nitrogen supplementation with increased efficiency. To evaluate the comparative performance of foliar application of urea and nano-urea in finger millet, a field experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2021-22 at Experimental Farm of Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi, Odisha. The experiment was laid out in a randomized completely blocked design (RCBD) with 11 treatments, replicated thrice. The results revealed that the treatment consisting of 40 kg N/ha + 2 sprays of nano urea @ 4 ml/L applied at tillering and pre-flowering stage was superior to the rest of the treatments in terms of growth, yield parameters and yield of finger millet. However, 20 kg N/ha+2 sprays of nano urea @ 4ml/L recorded at par results with sole soil application of 40 kg N/ha. Therefore, it was concluded that application of 20kg N/ha+2 sprays of nano urea @ 4 ml/L could be an economical and sustainable strategy to optimize the use of nitrogen in finger millet in southern Odisha.
14. MONALISHA PANDA, SAGAR MAITRA* AND TANMOY SHANKAR [Influence of sesame and groundnut intercropping system on productivity and competitive ability of crops]. Crop Res. 57 (3) : 171-177 (2022). Department of Agronomy, M.S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, India *(e-mail : sagar.maitra@cutm.ac.in)
ABSTRACT
The demand supply gap between production of edible oilseeds and domestic need for edible oils warrants increase in production of edible oilseeds in India. Hence, there is a scope for adoption of appropriate cropping systems with improved agronomic practices. Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) and groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) are two important oilseeds that can be cultivated during different cropping systems under limited resource conditions. Based on the above, a field experiment on intercropping sesame + groundnut was conducted at the Experimental Farm of Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha. Reduction of proportion of an individual crop species reduced the productivity over their respective pure stands. Among intercropping combinations, the treatment T5: sesame + groundnut (1:3) produced more oil yield (594 kg/ha). The study clearly indicated that 50 percent or above population of groundnut recorded considerably higher oil yield under the intercropping sesame + groundnut. The land equivalent ratio, relative crowding coefficient and monetary advantage was advantageous with the treatments T3: sesame + groundnut (1:1), T4: sesame + groundnut (1:2), T5: sesame + groundnut (1:3), T7: sesame + groundnut (2:2), T8: sesame + groundnut (2:3) and T11: sesame + groundnut (3:3). The study concluded that sesame can be intercropped in groundnut with a proportion of 50% or more of legumes (groundnut) to achieve the benefits of intercropping during summer season in south Odisha conditions.
15. THANDRA BHAVANA, TANMOY SHANKAR*, SAGAR MAITRA, MASINA SAIRAM AND PADDA PRASANTH KUMAR [Impact of phosphorus and sulphur levels on growth and productivity of summer sesame]. Crop Res. 57 (3) : 178-184 (2022). Department of Agronomy, M.S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, India *(e-mail : tanmoy.shankar125@gmail.com)
ABSTRACT
India imports edible vegetable oil to fulfil the domestic requirement and there is a need for enhancement of productivity of oilseeds in the country. Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), a short duration oilseed, grows well during different seasons under various cropping systems. The average productivity of sesame in India is low and that can be increased by efficient nutrient management. Based on the above facts, a field trial was conducted during summer season of 2021 at Experimental Farm of Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design comprising of four levels of phosphorus (0, 30, 60, 90 kg P2O5/ha) and three levels of sulphur (0, 20, 40 kg S/ha), with three replications. The sesame variety YLM17 was sown on 25th February 2021. The results revealed that the application of 60 kg P2O5/ha registered significantly more growth attributes, namely, plant height (113.8 cm), dry matter accumulation (2899 g/m2) and leaf area index (1.46) than other treatments. Similarly, the treatment being statistically at par with 90 kg P2O5/ha recorded superior yield attributes over other treatments. The seed yield (770 kg/ha), stover yield (2126 kg/ha), oil content (43.7%) and oil yield (336 kg/ha) of summer sesame was more with 60 kg P2O5/ha, but it was statistically at par with 90 kg P2O5/ha. However, 40 kg S/ha registered significantly higher values of growth and yield attributes, seed yield (673 kg/ha), stover yield (1779 kg/ha), oil content (41.5%) and oil yield (282 kg/ha) of sesame. The experiment concludes that the summer sesame can be grown in south Odisha conditions with the application of 60 kg phosphate and 40 kg sulphur per hectare to obtain higher growth and productivity.
16. GEDELA SHILPA*, M. DEVENDER REDDY AND A. SIVA SANKAR [Performance of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) cultivars under different plant population during summer season]. Crop Res. 57 (3) : 185-189 (2022). Department of Agronomy, M. S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi-761 211, Odisha, India *(e mail : 200805190016@cutm.ac.in)
ABSTRACT
An experiment on performance of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) cultivars under different plant populations during summer season (February to March 2021) was conducted at the Experimental Farm of Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi, Odisha, on sandy loam soil in split plot design with three varieties (YLM 66, YLM 17 and TIL1) in main plots and four plant populations (30 cm x 10 cm, 30 cm x 15 cm, 30 cm x 20 cm and 30 cm x 25 cm) in sub-plots. There were no significant differences in plant height among varieties and spacing. At 60 days after sowing (DAS), significantly higher LAI was obtained with YLM 66 and dry matter with TIL 1 over other varieties. These parameters were higher at 30 cm x 20 cm spacing over other spacings. Number of seeds per capsule (43.8) and seed weight per capsule were significantly higher with YLM 66 as compared to other varieties. However, these parameters did not vary significantly due to spacing. Significantly higher seed yield was observed with variety YLM 66 over other varieties under test. The seed yield did not vary significantly due to spacing. The straw yield was significantly higher in TIL 1 over YLM 17 and YLM 66) and biological yield was higher in TIL 1 and YLM 66 over variety YLM 17. These parameters increased significantly with increase in spacing.
17. KUNDATIRI CHETAN KUMAR, SAGAR MAITRA*, TANMOY SHANKAR, MONALISHA PANDA AND LALICHETTI SAGAR [Growth and productivity of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) as influenced by spacing and nitrogen levels]. Crop Res. 57 (3) : 190-194 (2022). Department of Agronomy, M. S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi-761 211, Odisha, India *(e mail : sagar.maitra@cutm.ac.in)
ABSTRACT
India is a leading producer of oilseeds and importer of vegetable oil in the world. To ensure self-sufficiency in oilseeds production, the country needs to enhance production and productivity through adoption of improved technologies. Among different edible oilseeds, sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) grows well during different seasons under various cropping systems and the productivity can be increased by efficient nutrient management and plant stand. Based on the above facts, a field trial was conducted during summer season of 2021 at Experimental Farm of Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha by adopting split plot design comprising of three main factors as spacing (30 cm × 15 cm, 40 cm × 15 cm and 50 cm × 15 cm) and four sub factors as nitrogen levels (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg N/ha). The branches/plant (4.2), capsules/plant (31.8), number of seeds/capsule (38.1), and 1000-seed weight (2.60g) were more with wider spacing of 50 × 15 cm and it was closely followed by 40 cm × 15 cm and, both the treatments were significantly superior to a closer spacing of 30 cm × 15 cm. However, the maximum seed, stover and biological yields of sesame were realized with a spacing of 40 cm × 15 cm (481, 2261 and 2742 kg/ha) and it was because of optimum spacing with the treatment. Among different nitrogen levels, 90 kg N/ha resulted in superior performance in expression of various growth and yield attributes and seed (525 kg/ha), stover (2372 kg/ha) and biological yields (2898 kg/ha) than other levels. The interaction effect indicated that a spacing of 40 cm × 15 cm along with 90 kg N/ha resulted in seed (619 kg/ha), stover (2756 kg/ha) and biological yields (3375 kg/ha) of sesame. The experiment concluded that to obtain higher growth and productivity of sesame, the spacing of 40 cm × 15 cm can be adopted along with 90 kg N/ha.
18. ASHISA KUMAR SIAL, TANMOY SHANKAR*, SAGAR MAITRA, MASINA SAIRAM, LALICHETTI SAGAR, PADDA PRASANTH KUMAR, BHAVANA THANDRA AND RATAN KUMAR ROUT [Effect of nutrient optimization on growth, yield and quality of sunflower under southern Odisha conditions]. Crop Res. 57 (3) : 195-201 (2022). M. S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi-761 211, Odisha, India *(e-mail : tanmoy.shankar125@gmail.com)
ABSTRACT
Oilseed crops can be cultivated widely in different agro-ecological conditions for the oil content in their seeds. Among different oilseeds, sunflower, is a vital edible oilseed that needs well-balanced nutrition for achieving enhanced oil quality and productivity. Considering the above, a field experiment was conducted during the rabi season of 2021-22 on sandy loam soil at Experimental Farm of Centurion University of Technology and Management to investigate the effect of nutrients on growth yield and quality of sunflower under southern Odisha conditions. The field experiment was carried out in randomized block design with ten treatments, viz., T1: N100P100K100S100, T2: N0P100K100S100, T3: N100P0K100S100, T4: N100P100K0S100, T5: N100P100K100S0, T6: N100P0K0S0, T7: N0P100K0S0, T8: N0P0K100S0, T9: N0P0K0S100 and T10: Control. The findings revealed that the application of 80, 60, 40, 25 kg/ha N: P2O5: K2O: S (T1) registered superior performance in terms of growth, yield and yield attributes as compared to the control plot (T10). Interestingly, experimental results from treatment T5 (N100P100K100S0) were statistically at par with the results of Treatment T1 (N100P100K100S100) in enhancing growth and yield parameters and seed yield of sunflower. The yield enhancement in the omission treatments was in the order of NPKS> S>K>PKS>P>N>NPS>NKS>NPK>Control. The research findings clearly showed the importance of primary nutrients and sulphur on the growth and productivity of sunflower.
19. SANTOSH D. T.*, K. N. TIWARI AND SAGAR MAITRA [Influence of different levels of irrigation and black plastic mulch on the performance of banana under drip irrigation]. Crop Res. 57 (3) : 202-210 (2022). 1Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur-721302, West Bengal, India 2Department of Agronomy, Centurian University of Technology and Management, Odisha, India *(e-mail : santosh.dt@cutm.ac.in)
ABSTRACT
India, a leading fruit producing country, ranks first in banana cultivation. The crop is highly water demanding and that appears as a limitation in several areas. However, micro-irrigation has the potential to address the issue. Moreover, mulching with black plastic sheet further facilitates efficient water use. The combined application of micro-irrigation and black plastic mulch is potentially important for enhancing water use efficiency and crop productivity. Based on the above facts, a field trial was conducted to evaluate the performance of micro-irrigation levels and black plastic mulch on the performance of banana yield in the sub humid climatic condition in lateritic belt during 2019-2020. Modified penman-Montieth equation was used to estimate the crop water requirement considering the recorded local climatic data. Water requirement of banana under drip and plastic mulch may vary with non-mulched banana. Therefore, the dual crop coefficient approach has been used to estimate the crop coefficients (Kc) of banana under drip with black plastic mulch and without mulch conditions. The total water requirement of banana was estimated to be 1089 mm and 919 mm under non-mulched and black plastic mulched banana, respectively. To determine the optimum quantity of irrigation water requirement of banana, eight treatments were considered consisting of four irrigation levels, namely, 1.0 volume with drip (VD), 0.8 VD, 0.6 VD and 0.4 VD in combination with black plastic mulch and non-mulch. The results revealed that 0.8 VD along with black plastic mulch recorded better crop growth and yield parameters with higher yield in comparison to other treatments. Further, the treatment also resulted in maximum benefit cost ratio of 4.97.
20. MASINA SAIRAM, SAGAR MAITRA*, TANMOY SHANKAR, LALICHETTI SAGAR AND D. T. SANTOSH [Performance of different gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii L.) cultivars under protected cultivation in south Odisha conditions]. Crop Res. 57 (3) : 211-215 (2022). Centre for Smart Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi-761 211, Odisha, India *(e-mail : sagar.maitra@cutm.ac.in)
ABSTRACT
Gerbera is one of the important high values cut flower crops and occupied an important place among the elite top ten cut flowers in the international market. There are more than 300 cultivars available throughout the world for commercial production. To find out the best performing cultivars for South Odisha conditions, 10 gerbera hybrids, viz., Stanza, Dana ellen, Intense, Dune, White house, Artist, Ankur, Silvester, Pre-intenzz and Sunway were evaluated in the present study in a randomized block design. The experimental findings revealed that the highest plant height was recorded with Dune (49.3cm), and the maximum number of leaves/plant were registered by Dana ellen (36). However, the maximum number of suckers were found with Intense (3.4). Moreover, the earlier flower bud emergence was observed in Ankur (76.3 days) and the maximum flower diameter was registered by Ankur, whereas the maximum stalk length (64.3cm), stalk diameter (67.3mm), disc diameter (3cm), yield (16.7) and vase life (8.3 days) were found in Dana ellen. The hybrid Dana ellen performed better in most of the quality parameters and yield when compared to other gerbera cultivars. Henceforth, it can be concluded that Dana ellen, Intense, Artist and Silvester might be considered as suitable hybrids in southern Odisha conditions under protected environment.
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