Volume 9, Number 1 (April, 2008)
1.E. C. Odion, R. A. Yahaya, L. Aliyu and B. A. Babaji [Performance of a sorghum/rice mixture at varying proportions of rice in a semi-arid environment of Nigeria].Res.on Crops 9(1): 1-6 (2008). Department of Agronomy Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR) Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria. A field trial was conducted at Samaru, Nigeria in the 1997 and 1998 cropping seasons to study the effect of rice (Oryza sativum L.) proportions and thinning levels on the performance of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] and rice in mixed stands. Sorghum performed better in the drier year than in the wetter one, gave LER values that were lower than expected values except at the 1 : 3 and 1 : 1 stand proportions in 1997 and 1998, respectively. The sorghum crop was most stable at the 1 : 1 stand proportion and less aggressive than the rice crop in the mixed stands. The rice crop performed better in the wetter year than the drier (i. e. 1998 compared to 1997), gave LER values that were lower than expected except at the 1 : 1 and 1 : 4 stand proportions in 1997 and 1998, respectively. The rice crop gave stability values that were lower than expected at all the stand proportions and was more aggressive than the sorghum crop at all the stand proportions. The mixtures gave LER values that were either equal to or greater than 1.00 only at the 1:1 and 1:2 stand proportions; indicating that the mixture was only more efficient than the pure stands at the 1:1 stand proportion. It was also most stable at the 1:1 stand proportion; suggesting that the planting higher proportions of rice for the cash return from rice is detrimental to the mixture and to the food security of farmers in the area. 2. 2.h. c. prakash, b. g. shekara, b. r. jagadeesh, k. n. kalayanamurthy and m. l. shivalingaiah [Paddy pulse cropping system for sustaining soil health and rice yield in Cauvery command area]. Res. on Crops9 (1) : 7-9 (2008). UAS Zonal Agricultural Research Station, V. C. Farm, Mandya (Karnataka), India. Field experiment was conducted from 1992 to 2003 at Zonal Agricultural Research Station, V. C. Farm, Mandya, Karnataka to study the beneficial effect of pulses on soil fertility and sustainability of rice yield in paddy-pulses cropping system in Cauvery command area. The mean 10 years’ research results revealed that growing pulses after or before rice in rice-pulses sequence recorded maximum grain yield (5375 to 5550 kg/ha) as compared to rice-rice cropping system (5160 kg/ha). Improvement in organic carbon (0.54-0.56%), CEC (10.10 to 10.50 cmol/kg), porosity (29.80 to 35.30%) and maximum water holding capacity (28.90 to 30.90%), and drastic reduction in bulk density (1.35 g/cc) was observed with rice-pulses cropping system as compared to rice-rice cropping system (0.32%, 9.60 cmol/kg, 26.50%, 21.20% and 1.67 g/cc, respectively). Available soil nutrient status (kg/ha) was rice-pulses cropping system (288 N, 65 P2O5, 134 K2O, 26.70 S and 0.80 Zn) as compared to rice-rice sequence (118, 53, 73, 10.10 and 0.16 kg/ha, respectively). Water use efficiency was maximum with rice-pulses cropping system (55 kg/ha-cm) as compared to rice-rice system (24 kg/ha-cm) and maximum benefit : cost ratio was obtained with rice-Avare cropping system (Rs. 3.04) as compared to rice-rice system (Rs. 2.29). 3. jagdish kumar and m. p. yadav [Effect of integrated nutrient management on growth, yield attributes, yield and economics of hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.)]. Res.on Crops 9(1): 10-13 (2008). Department of Agronomy Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur-208 002 (U. P.), India.. A field experiment was conducted during two consecutive years of 2006 and 2007 to study the integrated nutrient management for increasing productivity of hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.). Data revealed that different sources of integrated nutrient management significantly increased growth and yield attributing characters of hybrid rice than applications of inorganic fertilizers. Application of 100% SSNM (150 : 30 : 120 : 50 : 40 kg NPKS ZnSO4/ha)+5t FYM/ha+BGA+Azotobacter produced significantly higher grain and straw yields of hybrid rice than 100% RDF (150 : 75 : 60 : 25 kg NPK ZnSO4/ha) and farmers’ practice (80 : 30 kg NP/ha) by 20.9 and 9.60 and 35.40 and 20.8%, respectively. 100% SSNM produced also significantly higher grain and straw yields of 75.29 and 84.62 q/ha than farmers’ practice by 25.9 and 14.10%, respectively. Combined application of inorganic, organic sources of fertilizer and biofertilizers recorded significantly higher harvest index than 100% RDF and farmers’ practice. Significantly higher gross (Rs. 66665/ha) and net returns (Rs. 37215/ha) and benefit : cost ratio (2.26) were recorded with the application of 100% SSNM+5 t FYM/ha+blue green algae+Azotobacter as compared to farmers’ practice. Application of 100% SSNM+green manuring ranked second best treatment for producing significantly highest growth and yield attributing characters, yield and gross return of hybrid rice than farmers’ practice. Farmers’ practice recorded lowest growth and yield attributes, yield and economics of hybrid rice. 4. Naresh Sangwan, V. P. S. Ahlawat and S. B. Phogat [Effect of methods of sowing and weed control measures on weed infestation and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in rice-wheat cropping system]. Res. on Crops 9 (1): 14-16 (2008). CCSHAU Regional Research Station, Rohtak-124 001 (Haryana), India.. In a field experiment conducted at different locations during 2005 to 2007 on comparison of two methods of sowing and weed control measures, it was observed that zero till sowing produced significantly higher yield of wheat. Weed emergence was also lesser under zero till sowing compared to the conventional method of sowing. The weed density (both broad+grassy weeds) was significantly higher under conventional method of sowing. Plant height and effective tillers were significantly higher in zero tillage than over conventional method. The grain yields were significantly higher in weed free treatments compared to other weed control measures. 5. Manzoor Ahmad Ganai, A. S. Bali, Neetu Sharma, M. A. Bhat and A. B. Shikari [Studies on the effect of residual and applied phosphorus on soil chemical properties and phosphorus balance in wheat-sorghum cropping system]. Res.on Crops 9 (1): 17-20 (2008). Chatta Campus Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu, India.. A field experiment was laid out with an objective to study the effect of phosphorus application timings and its sources in wheat-sorghum cropping system during rabi 2004 and kharif 2005, at main campus Chatha of Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu. The soil was loamy in texture, neutral in reaction with low available N, P and OC and medium in available K. The treatments comprising two factors viz., four P application timings to preceding wheat crop and second factor comprising four sources of P applied to the succeeding sorghum fodder crop. The experiment was laid out in split plot design. Study indicated that delayed application of phosphorus to wheat showed significant increase in available soil P over its basal application. However, among different sources of P, FYM recorded significantly higher available phosphorus and organic carbon in soil. There was a positive gain of phosphorus in all the treatments excepting the plot where phosphorus was applied as basal to wheat crop followed by no phosphorus application to the subsequent fodder sorghum crop. The apparent P balance at the system level was negative for the treatments where source of P to succeeding sorghum fodder crop was PSB, whereas rest of the treatments showed positive values for apparent P balance. 6. d. kalyanasundaram, p. sudharsan and s. r. vinod kumar [Agronomic management of sweet sorghum for sustainable grain and sugar yield]. Res.on Crops 9 (1) : 21-23 (2008). Department of Agronomy Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608 002 (Tamil Nadu), India.. Sweet sorghum is gaining the world attention as a sugar, promising bio-energy crop and alternative raw material for the production of alcohol. Sweet sorghum has sweet juicy stems, which may be used for forage and silage or to produce syrup. Therefore, sweet sorghum is considered as a multipurpose industrial crop. As the crop being recently introduced in Tamil Nadu the important agronomic practices especially the irrigation and nutrient management are studied. The higher grain and cane yield was obtained with IW : CPE of 0.6 and 125% of recommended dose of fertilizer in both the seasons. 7. p. sudharsan, d. kalyanasundaram and s. kavitha [Water use efficiency and economics of irrigation and nutrient management in sweet sorghum]. Res.on Crops 9 (1): 24-26 (2008). Department of Agronomy Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608 002 (Tamil Nadu), India.. From the results, it may be concluded that application of irrigation at IW : CPE of 0.6 and 112.5 : 56 : 56 kg NPK/ha influenced the yield components which in turn increased the cane yield and grain yield substantially fetching highest return/rupee invested. It may be concluded that application of irrigation at IW : CPE of 0.6 alongwith 125% of recommended dose of fertilizer holds promise as an agronomically efficient and economically viable practice for achieving higher yields. 8. karmal singh, r. s. hooda, harbir singh and v. p. singh[Growth and nutrients uptake by pearl millet-associated weeds as influenced by levels and times of nitrogen application and weed management]. Res. on Crops 9 (1): 27-30 (2008) Department of Agronomy CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004 (Haryana), India.. Biennial field experiments were conducted at Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during kharif 2003 and 2004 to study the effect of four levels (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg N/ha) of nitrogen (N), three times of its application [full basal at sowing, two splits (½ at sowing+½ at tillering), three splits (½ at sowing+¼ at tillering+¼ at milking)] and three weed control treatments on growth and nutrients (N, P and K) uptake by weeds and yield of pearl millet. Weed population at various stages of observation was higher at 60 kg N/ha, however, their growth in terms of dry matter accumulation (g/m2) and N, P and K uptake increased with increasing levels of N. Two splits (½ at sowing+½ at tillering) and full basal application at sowing recorded higher dry matter and N, P and K uptake at harvest by pearl millet associated weeds. The weed free check (mechanical) followed by atrazine @ 0.5 kg/ha (pre-emergence) reduced the weed growth and nutrient uptake as compared to weedy check. 9. Asha C. Mehta, H. R. Khafi, B. D. Bunsa, C. J. Dangaria and B. K. Davada[Effect of soil application and foliar spray of zinc sulphate on yield, uptake and net return of pearl millet]. Res.on Crops 9 (1) : 31-32 (2008). J. A. U. Main Millet Research Station, Jamnagar-361 006 (Gujarat), India.. The field experiment was conducted during kharif seasons of 2005-07 in medium black Zn deficit soil at Main Millet Research Station, Jamnagar. An experiment was comprised of three levels of ZnSO4 viz., 0, 10 and 20 kg ZnSO4/ha as soil application and three treatments of foliar spray viz., control (no spray), 0.2% ZnSO4 spray at tillering stage and 0.2% ZnSO4 spray at pre-flowering stage were laid out in factorial randomized block design replicated thrice. The results revealed that there was an additional need for ZnSO4 application @ 20 kg/ha at the time of sowing to pearl millet crop and one spray of 0.2% ZnSO4 at pre-flowering stage to obtain the higher yield and net return. 10. Asha C. Mehta, H. R. Khafi, K. C. Patel, V. P. Ramani, B. D. Bunsa, B. K. DavAda and C. J. Dangaria [Effect of multi-micronutrient formulations on yield and nutrient uptake of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.). Res.on Crops 9 (1) : 33-35 (2008). J. A. U. Main Millet Research Station, Jamnagar-361 006 (Gujarat), India.. The field experiment was conducted during kharif seasons of 2000-05 in medium black soil at Main Millet Research Station, Jamnagar, to study the effect of different multi-micronutrient formulations on yield and nutrient uptake of pearl millet. The results revealed that soil application of FeSO4 @ 15 kg/ha and ZnSO4 @ 8 kg/ha or micronutrient mixture grade-V @ 20 kg/ha be done in the soils deficient in Fe and Zn to kharif pearl millet at the time of sowing as a basal dose to get higher pearl millet yield and net return. Alternatively spraying of 1% foliar grade micronutrients, Govt. notified grade-IV (for Fe and Zn deficiency) at 20, 30 and 40 DAS may be done to get higher pearl millet yield and net return. 11. thakar Singh, K. S. Minhas, R. s. brar, a. s. brar, r. sikka and d. s. kler [Effect of sowing dates and plant geometry on seed yield of canola (Brassica napus var. canola)]. Res.On Crops 9 (1) : 36-38 (2008). Department of Agronomy, Agrometeorology and Forestry Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141 004 (Punjab), India.. A field experiment was conducted at Ludhiana during rabi 2003-04 and 2004-05 to find out the optimum date of sowing and plant geometry for canola variety GSC-5. The crop sown on 20 October produced significantly higher seed yield and yield attributes as compared to the crop sown on 30 October, 10 November and 20 November but remained at par with 10 October sown crop. This sowing date gave 15.8, 21.3, 37.2 and 57.5% higher seed yield over 10 October, 30 October, 10 November and 20 November sown crop, respectively. Among the plant geometries, uni-directional sowing with 30 x 15 cm spacing produced significantly higher seed yield than uni-directional sowing with 45 x 15 cm spacing and bi-directional sowing with 30 x 15 cm spacing but was at par with bi-directional sowing with 45 x 15 cm spacing. 12. V. Atlassi pak, M. Meskarbashee and R. Mamghani [Effect of planting pattern on morphology, yield and yield components of three spring canola varieties in Ahvaz climatic conditions]. Res.on Crops 9 (1) : 39-44 (2008). Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran. . In order to investigate the effect of planting pattern on morphology, yield and yield components of canola, an experiment was conducted in 2003-04 agronomic year at College of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran. The experiment was a split-plot design on RCBD. The treatments included four planting patterns (15, 30 and 50 cm row spacing and 60 cm wide ridges with a cultivated row in each side) as main plots and three cultivars (Pf 7045/91, Hyola 401 and RGS 003) as sub-plots. Results indicated that both the effects of planting pattern and variety on morphologic characters (plant height, stem diameter, height of the first lateral branch and number of lateral branches) were significant. The effect of planting pattern on number of pods per plant and 1000-seed weight was significant. The effect of cultivar on all of yield components was significant. Finally, the seed yield was affected by the planting pattern and cultivar. Planting patterns with narrower row spacing had maximum yield because of more evenly distributed plants and less plant competition on rows. So, by changing planting pattern from rectangular to square planting method, higher yields can be expected. The effect of planting pattern on percentage of seed oil was significant and 15 cm row spacing had highest percentage of seed oil. With increase in row spacing, percentage of seed oil decreased. The effect of planting pattern on protein content was significant and with increase in row spacing, protein percentage increased. Consequently, a negative correlation between protein and oil content can be concluded. 13. S. Barik* and P. Fantozzi [Effect of fertilizers N, P and K on yields of sugar and leaf protein as a by-product from sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) crop]. Res.on Crops 9 (1) : 45-53 (2008). Agricultural & Ecological Research Unit Indian Statistical Institute, Calcutta-700 108, India . The effects of different doses of N, P and K on different yields of sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) var. Raspoly at different growth stages are described here. Higher nitrogen (N) doses produced maximum root yield but at the same time sugar concentration in root juice decreased particularly at later growth stages. Proper balance of potassium (K) alongwith higher nitrogen can check the falling sugar concentration of sugarbeet. This study compared the effects of different combinations of fertilizers N, P and K on sugar from roots and leaf protein (LP) from tops as a by-product at different plant growth stages of sugarbeet crop. The experiments were carried out in the year between 2002 and 2005 in which the maximum mean root yield of 53.41 kg/ha was produced by N160 K100 and P60 kg/ha treatment combinations at 160 days of the crop in the first year experiment. Like root yield the same treatment combinations at the same growth stage in the first year experiment gave maximum sugar yield of 11.86 t/ha. Maximum sugar concentration in root juice was 22.20% in the first year experiment produced by the treatment N160 K100 and P60 kg/ha at 160 days of the crop. In these studies, the four nitrogen doses were N40, N80, N120 and N160 kg/ha. Three potassium doses were K50, K100 and K150 kg/ha and two phosphorus doses were P60 and P100 kg/ha. LP as a by-product from sugarbeet tops was maximum 462.33 kg/ha given by the N160 K150 and P100 kg/ha treatment at 120 days of the crop in the 2nd year of the experiment. For all treatment combinations, LP yield increased with time and continued upto 120 days of the crop and sometimes it went upto 130 days of the crop growth stage and then decreased sharply. 14. r. b. yadav, R. k. singh, raghuvir singh, vivek and h. s. yadav[Response of lentil (Lens culinaris) cultivars to sulphur application]. Res.on Crops 9 (1) : 54-56 (2008). Department of Agronomy S. V. B. Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut-250 110 (U. P.), India.. A field experiment was conducted during rabi seasons of 2003-04 and 2004-05 at operational farm of KVK, Rampur (U. P.) to study the response of lentil (Lens culinaris) cultivars to sulphur levels. The study revealed that of mean basis lentil cultivar PL 406 gave significantly maximum seed yield (17.69 q/ha) which was 6.59 and 25.68% higher than varieties PL 4 and PL 5, respectively. The net return (Rs. 16496/ha) and benefit : cost ratio (2.13) were also recorded higher in the same variety. The seed yield of lentil was significantly increased upto application of 40 kg S/ha than control and 20 kg/ha during both the years. Similar trend was also observed in net income and B : C ratio. 15. r. pati and d. mukhopadhyay [Inorganic phosphorus fractions in some acid soils under terai situations of West Bengal]. Res.on Crops 9 (1) : 57-60 (2008). Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Cooch Behar-736 165 (West Bengal), India.. Eleven surface soils (0-0.15 m), representing three soil series of the order Entisol under the districts of Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri of West Bengal were collected to study the distribution of inorganic phosphorus (P) fractions of the soils. The soils were acidic in reactions with varying amount of organic carbon, available phosphorus, available nitrogen and exchangeable bases. The proportion of saloid bound phosphorus was low in most of the soils compared to other fractions. The relative distribution of Fe-P and AI-P was higher in most of the soils suggesting the fixation of phosphorus by iron and aluminium in these zones. This was supported by the negative relations among pH with Al-P and Fe-P in soils. Significant relations were obtained among some of the soil properties with P-fractions of soils. 16. M. S. Kahlon, A. S. josan and k. l. khera [A comparative study on soil and plant parameters under furrow and drip irrigated tomatoes with poor quality water]. Res.on Crops 9 (1) : 61-72 (2008). Department of Soils Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141 004 (Punjab), India.. A comparative study was conducted to understand the effect of saline sodic water applied through drip and furrow methods of irrigation on soil properties, plant parameters, yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) var. Punjab Chhuhara. Soil properties both physical as well as chemical were adversely affected with the use of saline sodic water particularly soil pH, ECe, ESP, bulk density and modulus of rupture which were more under furrow irrigation than that observed under drip irrigation. However, the transmission characteristics like infiltration rate and hydraulic conductivity of the soils were significantly higher under drip irrigation. Salt distribution pattern under drip irrigation indicated that minimum salt concentration occurred beneath the emitter and it went on increasing as the distance from emitter increased, the reverse was true under furrow irrigation. Moisture distribution pattern was opposite to that of salt distribution pattern both under drip and furrow irrigations. The impact of using saline sodic water under furrow irrigation on plant parameters was more adverse than drip irrigation. Under furrow irrigation there was 10 to 15% more decrease in plant parameters including plant height, leaf area index, fruit weight, fruit quality and total yield of the crop compared to that of drip irrigated tomatoes. Thus, drip irrigation even with the use of highly saline sodic water (RSCiw10 me/l) produced more yield of tomato with better quality than furrow irrigation. 17. c. vennila and c. jayanthi1[Effect of integrated nutrient management on yield and quality of okra]. Res.on Crops 9 (1) : 73-75 (2008). Department of Agronomy Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003 (Tamil Nadu), India.. A field experiment conducted at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during kharif 2004 to study the effect of integrated nutrient management on yield and quality parameters of okra revealed that application of 100% recommended dose of fertilizers alongwith panchagavya spray (2%) significantly increased the fruit yield and quality of fruits followed by 100% recommended dose of fertilizers alongwith vermiwash spray (2%). Lowest yield and quality parameters of okra were obtained with control. 18. a. s. kushwaha, k. s. tomar and s. k. s. bhadauria [Response of hybrid summer okra to nitrogen and phosphorus]. Res.on Crops 9 (1) : 76-78 (2008). Department of Horticulture College of Agriculture, Gwalior-474 002 (M. P.), India.. A field experiment was conducted during 2004 and 2005 to assess the optimum dose of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on hybrid summer okra. Results revealed that each incremental dose of nitrogen upto 150 kg/ha significantly increased the plant height, number of fruits per plant, pod length, pod girth, pod weight, dry weight of 100 g fresh pod and crop yield. Phosphorus levels upto 80 kg/ha were also significantly increased in all the above parameters except pod weight and yield. However, 80 kg P2O5/ha was statistically at par with 60 kg P2O5/ha. Maximum fruit yield (151.93 q/ha) and net return (Rs.74915/ha) were observed under treatment 150 kg N/ha with 60 kg P2O5/ha. 19. M. k. pati, p. ghanti and a. k. bera [Effect of pre-sowing electric current treatment of seeds on growth and yield of bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria Mol. Standl.)]. Res.on Crops 9 (1) : 79-81 (2008). Department of Vegetable Crops Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur-741 252, Nadia (West Bengal), India . Pre-sowing electric current treatment of seeds affected plant growth, sex expression and yield in bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria Mol. Standl.). Electric current (EC) was applied at four different intensities (viz., 75, 150, 225 and 300 mA) to the seeds of bottle gourd for 1, 3 and 5 min duration separately. The highest number of female flowers, lowest male : female flower ratio and maximum yield were achieved at 225 mA electric current for 3 min duration, which are considered as optimum doses for yield improvement in this crop. 20. r. shobana, N. Asokaraja, M. P. kavitha, T. subramani and p. malarvili [Response of radish to water soluble fertilizers through micro sprinkler fertigation]. Res.on Crops 9 (1) : 82-85 (2008). Department of Vegetable Crops Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003 (Tamil Nadu), India.. Field experiments on radish were carried at TNAU farm to study the effect of micro sprinkler fertigation during 2001-02 at Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, on sandy clay loam soil. The treatments constituting two micro sprinkler irrigation frequencies and three fertigation levels with WSF and one control treatment of conventional surface irrigation and soil application of 100% normal fertilizers were included for comparison. Micro sprinkler fertigation (MSF) at once in two days with 100% recommended dose recorded the highest plant height (43.50 and 41.31 cm), LAI (6.71 and 5.63) and DMP (8416 and 8397 kg/ha) pertaining to first and second crop, respectively. Yield characters like root length (26.72 and 24.35 cm), root weight (215.4 and 209.3 g/root), root girth (17.23 and 16.71 cm) and root yield (42.31 and 37.05 t/ha) were also higher under micro sprinkler fertigation (MSF) once in two days with 100% NPK dose in first and second crop, respectively. 21. B. vijayakumari and R. Hiranmai yadav [Effect of in situ green manuring on quality parameters of radish (Raphanus sativus var. Pusa Chetki)]. Res.on Crops 9 (1) : 86-89 (2008). Department of Botany Avinashilingam University for Women, Coimbatore-641 043 (Tamil Nadu), India . An experiment was carried out to assess the efficacy of chickpea as green manure for radish. The chickpea plants were grown with fresh, composted and vermicomposted parthenium and poultry droppings and after harvest the plants were incorporated into the pots in which they were grown. After 30 days, the radish seeds were sown. The quality parameters were assessed on 45 and 60 days after sowing (DAS). Highest protein content was in T7 on 45 and T6 on 60 DAS. Total carbohydrate was more in T5 on 45 and T9 on 60 DAS. The reducing sugar was higher in T12 on 45 and T10 on 60 DAS. Total free phenolics were increased in T14 on 45 and T5 on 60 DAS. Total soluble sugar was more T4 and T5 on 45 and 60 DAS. Chlorophylls ‘a’, ‘b’ and ‘total’ were higher in T12 on 45 and T5 on 60 DAS. 22. b. mahanthesh, m. ravi prasad sajjan, d. thippesha, m. harshavardhan and g. janardhan1[Studies on multiple correlation between bulb yield, growth and yield attributes in different genotypes of onion (Allium cepa L.) under irrigated conditions]. Res.on Crops 9 (1) : 90-93 (2008). College of Horticulture, Mudigere-577 132 (Karnataka), India.. Thirteen onion genotypes having distinct diversity in morphology and performance were evaluated in randomized block design with three replications in medium black soils at the Agricultural Research Station, Hiriyur under irrigated conditions both in kharif and rabi seaons. Eleven morphological quantitative characters were measured on randomly selected plants at harvest. The data were subjected to a standard statistical procedure to study the correlation between the bulb yield and vegetative characters and yield components. The values of correlation coefficients (r) were calculated and tested for their significance. The results revealed that plant height, number of leaves per plant, neck thickness, number of rings per bulb, ring thickness, weight of bulb and volume of bulb had positive and significant correlation with the bulb yield. Thus, the above characters deserve adequate consideration for better production of bulb yield. 23. b. mahanthesh, m. ravi prasad sajjan, g. janardhan, m. harshavardhan and d. thippesha[Economic analysis of onion as influenced by combined application of bio-fertilizers with major nutrients during kharif season under irrigated and rainfed conditions]. Res.on Crops 9 (1) : 94-97 (2008).College of Horticulture, Mudigere-577 132 (Karnataka), India.. Investigations on the cost : benefit ratio as influenced by bio-fertilizers alongwith varied levels of NPK in onion (cv. Bellary Red) were conducted in medium black soils during kharif seasons under irrigated and rainfed conditions at the Agricultural Research Station, Hiriyur located under Central Dry Zone of Karnataka. Effects of 12 treatments were tested on onion crop in medium black soil under field condition. The results revealed that among the different treatments, the maximum net income of Rs. 56328 and 52135 with maximum cost : benefit ratio of 4.00 (1 : 4.00) and 3.94 (1 : 3.94) was obtained from the plants provided with Azospirillum+100% N+PK (T7) during kharif seasons under irrigated and rainfed conditions, respectively. By analyzing the results of the cost : benefit ratios obtained under irrigated and rainfed conditions during kharif seasons, maximum cost : benefit ratio of (4.00) (1 : 4.00) was obtained under irrigated condition from the plants provided with Azospirillum+100% N+PK (T7) viz., Azospirillum+125 : 50 : 125 NPK kg/ha. This level could be recommended for Bellary Red onion, particularly in Central Dry Zone of Karnataka for getting maximum cost : benefit ratio in kharif season both under irrigated and rainfed conditions. 24. b. mahanthesh, m. ravi prasad sajjan, v. srinivasa, m. harshavardhan and d. thippesha [Studies on the influence of bio-fertilizers with levels of NPK on the yield and processing qualities of onion (Allium cepa L.) cv. Bellary Red in rabi season under irrigated situation]. Res.on Crops 9 (1) : 98-102 (2008). College of Horticulture, Mudigere-577 132 (Karnataka), India.. Studies on the influence of bio-fertilizers with levels of NPK on the yield and processing quality parameters of onion cv. Bellary Red were carried out during rabi seasons under irrigated conditions at the Agricultural Research Station, Hiriyur in Central Dry Zone of Karnataka. Effects of 12 treatments were tested on onion crop in medium black soil under field condition. The results revealed that the plants provided with Azospirillum+100% N+PK (Azospirillum+125 : 50 : 125 NPK kg/ha) produced maximum bulb weight, bulb yield and dry matter yield of the bulbs with better storage qualities under irrigated conditions during rabi seasons. This level can be adopted for Bellary Red onion under irrigated condition during rabi seasons in Central Dry Zone of Karnataka. 25. p. k. sharma, sudesh kumar, g. l. yadav and ramesh verma [Effect of bulb size, cut and uncut bulbs under various levels of nitrogen on growth and seed yield of onion (Allium cepa)]. Res.on Crops 9 (1) : 103-105 (2008). Department of Agronomy R. A. U. Agricultural Research Station, Durgapura-302 018, Jaipur (Rajasthan), India.. The field experiment was carried out for two years during rabi, 1999-2000 and 2000-01 to study the effect of bulb size, cut and uncut bulbs and N levels on seed yield, and yield attributes of onion at Agricultural Research Station, Durgapura, Jaipur. Two years’ results indicated that planting of large size bulbs increased significantly the seed yield of 1.5 q/ha over medium size bulbs. Planting of uncut bulbs produced significantly higher seed yield of 15.71 q/ha as compared to that of seed yield obtained under planting of cut bulbs (1/3 upper portion). Increasing levels of nitrogen from 80 to 160 kg/ha significantly increased the seed yield of onion. Application of 160 kg N/ha produced significantly higher seed yield of 16.71 q/ha over 80 kg N/ha. 26. m. sangeetha, p. singaram, m. sanjeeva gandhi and p. paramasivam [Quality characteristics of onion as influenced by lignite humic acid and inorganic fertilizers]. Res.on Crops 9 (1) : 106-109 (2008). Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003 (Tamil Nadu), India.. To study the efficiency of lignite humic acid as potassium humate in combination with inorganic fertilizers on yield and quality of onion, a field experiment was conducted during kharif 2003 in Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore using sandy clay loam soil (Typic Haplustalf). The experiment consisted of eight treatments in which lignite humic acid was applied (through soil at 10 and 20 kg/ha and foliar spray at 0.1% concentration) with the 75 and 100% recommended dose of inorganic fertilizers. The results of the investigation revealed that soil application of humic acid @ 20 kg/ha with 100% recommended dose of NPK fertilizers (60 : 60 : 30 kg/ha) recorded the highest number of bulbs per plant (9.8), maximum bulb girth (9.2 cm) and bulb weight (84.2 g/plant) of onion. The higher bulb yield of 18.7 t/ha (11.31% increase over inorganic fertilizers alone) was obtained in the treatment receiving 100% NPK plus humic acid @ 20 kg/ha. Besides, combined application of humic acid and recommended dose of inorganic fertilizers significantly improved the quality parameters such as total soluble solids, ascorbic acid content, total sugars and pyruvic acid content of onion bulb as compared to other treatment combination. 27. A. DEORA, K. KUKREJA AND S. SUNEJA[Effect of digested distillery effluent on seed germination and plant growth of wheat]. Res.On Crops 9 (1) : 110-115 (2008). Department of Microbiology CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004 (Haryana), India.. Wheat (Triticum aestivum) seeds were kept in petridishes on double layer of filter paper saturated with different concentrations of digested distillery effluent under laboratory conditions. Lower concentrations of effluent were not inhibitory (10 and 20%) to seed germination, while higher concentrations (75 and 100%) of effluent led to complete failure of seed germination. In another experiment, seeds were soaked in different concentrations of effluent for different time interval and germination was studied on 1% agar plates. Per cent germination and speed of germination increased with increase in soaking time at lower concentrations of effluent but decreased at higher concentrations of effluent when seeds were soaked beyond two hours. In pot house experiment also, lower concentrations of the effluent were not inhibitory to seed germination but higher concentration (50%) of effluent suppressed and delayed germination. The higher concentration of effluent was inhibitory to plant growth when plants were irrigated before germination followed by when always irrigated with effluent after germination. Plant growth was completely suppressed when 50% effluent concentration was used for irrigation throughout the experiment. However, when plants were irrigated after germination at every 20 days interval, maximum plant growth was obtained in 50% effluent concentration (comparable to 100% RDF) followed by 20% effluent concentration (comparable to 75% RDF). Significantly higher plant growth was also obtained when plants were irrigated with 10% effluent concentration always after germination. 28. c. vanitha, k. ramamoorthy and m. kathiravan [Influence of herbal seed treatment with chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) and holy basil (Ocimum sanctum) leaf extract on vigour and productivity in maize cv. CO 1]. Res.on Crops 9 (1) : 116-123 (2008). Department of Seed Science and Technology Agricultural College and Research Institute Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003 (Tamil Nadu), India. Studies were carried out to evaluate the effect of organic hyderation-dehydration of seeds with chicory and holy basil leaf extract on physiological properties related to vigour, viability and yield potential in maize cv. CO 1. The treatments were effected through soaking of one month old seeds with fresh chicory leaf extract at 10, 20 and 25% and holy basil leaf extract of 20 and 30% concentrations [1 : 2 (W/V) ratio of seed to herbal extract] alongwith water for 12 h under aerated conditions at room temperature (26±1°C). The treated seeds were dried under shade for two days and in drying chamber maintained at 30±0.5°C for two days to reach the original moisture content (11±0.5% at wet weight basis). Part of the treated seeds alongwith control was subjected to accelerated ageing process. Treated fresh and aged seeds when evaluated through germination per cent, speed of germination, dry matter production and biochemical properties, significant differences were evident with herbal extracts treated seeds compared to water soaking and control. The magnitude of reduction after ageing in respect of the aforesaid parameters was more in control and least in both chicory and holy basil extract treated seeds. Herbal hydration-dehydration with chicory leaf extract @ 20% exhibited higher activity of dehydrogenase (0.298) and peroxidase (0.367 mg/g/min), lower amounts of leachate sugars (38.61 µg/g) and electrical conductivity (0.364 dS/m) and also an enhancement in leaf area index (7.82), crop growth rate (37.5 mg/g/day) and net assimilation rate (0.61 mg/cm2/day) leading to higher yield per plant (59.3 g) under field conditions. 29. N. K. GAYATHRI, K. P. R. PRASANNA AND RAME GOWDA[Effect of pre-storage seed treatments on storage potential of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]]. Res.on Crops 9 (1) : 124-127 (2008).Department of Seed Science and Technology University of Agricultural Sciences, G. K. V. K. Bangalore-560 065 (Karnataka), India.. Two storage containers and dry dressing chemicals were tested for seed storability under ambient conditions. Seed treatment with bavistin+thiram @ 2 g each per kg seed or calcium chlorite @ 2 g/kg seed and storage in 500 gauge polythene bag were found to be good to maintain seed germination (>70%) upto 14 months of storage. 30. N. K. GAYATHRI, K. P. R. PRASANNA AND RAME GOWDA [Effect of pre-sowing seed treatments on growth, yield and seed quality in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]].]. Res. on Crops 9 (1) : 128-131 (2008). Department of Seed Science and Technology University of Agricultural Sciences, G. K. V. K., Bangalore-560 065 (Karnataka), India. Field performance of five pre-sowing treatments was evaluated in Hardee and KHSb-2 during kharif 2001. Dry dressing with calcium hypochlorite @ 2 g/kg seed, osmoconditioning with PEG 6000 and Rhizobium inoculation @ 40 g/kg seed recorded significantly early emergence, days to 50% flowering (53), days to maturity (103), higher values of plant height (40 cm), plant stand (82), dry weight of plant at harvest (41 g), number of seeds per plant (126), seed yield per hectare (24.98 q), seed recovery per cent (92%) and harvest index (0.54) than chemoprimed treatments. 31. m. kathiravan, a. s. ponnuswamy and c. vanitha[Standardization of pre-sowing seed treatments to produce elite seedlings in jatropha (Jatropha curcas Linn.)]. Res.on Crops 9 (1) : 132-136 (2008).Department of Seed Science and Technology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003 (Tamil Nadu), India *(e-mail : amkathir@yahoo.co.in; Kathir75jat@yahoo.co.in).. Studies were carried out to evaluate the effect of pre-sowing seed treatments on seed survival per cent and seedling vigour in jatropha (Jatropha curcas Linn.). The treatment was effected through soaking of the seeds with 1.0 and 2.0% solutions of ferrous sulphate (FeSO4), zinc sulphate (ZnSO4), manganese sulphate (MnSO4), calcium chloride (CaCl2) and potassium chloride (KCl) alongwith water soaking for 12 and 24 h adopting equal volume of seed to solution ratio and dried back to original moisture content and the dry seed served as control. The results revealed that in all the nutrients the seeds soaked with 1% proved better performance than 2% solutions. Among the different nutrients, seeds treated with zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) @ 1% for 24 h exhibited highest survival percentage (86) which was on par with KCl @ 1% for 24 h (85%) at 60 days after sowing. However, other seedling quality characteristics viz., root length (22.9 cm), shoot length (34.5 cm), number of leaves (15.6) and stem girth (3.9 cm) were highest with KCl @ 1% for 24 h compared to control. 32. M. Rekha, K. Kesavacharyulu, r. Balakrishna and A. sarkar [Repeatability estimates of leaf yield and associated characters in the individual plant selection stage in mulberry]. Res.on Crops 9 (1) : 137-140 (2008). Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore-570 008, India.. The present work was aimed at estimating the coefficient of repeatability (r) for the mulberry leaf yield and yield contributing characters in the individual plant selection stage to enable the full utilization of the resources in the breeding programme. The repeatability coefficients are estimated using the variance components obtained from analysis of variance. Further, standard error and coefficient of determination of these estimates are also obtained. The repeatability estimates obtained were 0.31, 0.37, 0.32, 0.29, 0.17 and 0.22 and the associated coefficient of determination (R2) were 0.69, 0.74, 0.70, 0.67, 0.50 and 0.58 for biological yield, leaf yield, number of shoots/plant, number of nodes/m, length of shoot, length of the longest shoot and total shoot length, respectively. To estimate the repeatability coefficient, five repeated measurements on the same plant were used. Leaf yield followed by number of shoots showed high regularity in the superiority of individuals from one crop cycle to another. 33. V. Gouri Shankar, N. A. Ansari and M. Ilyas Ahmed [Stability analysis using thermo-sensitive genic male sterility (TGMS) system in rice (Oryza sativa L.)]. Res.on Crops 9 (1) : 141-146 (2008). Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500 030 (A. P), India.. Forty-eight hybrid combinations were studied alongwith their 14 parents and two standard checks for their stability performance at three locations in Andhra Pradesh for eight quantitative characters. The analysis of variance revealed that the genotypes and environments were significant for all the characters except number of spikelets per panicle, spikelet fertility and 100-grain weight for environments. The G x E interactions were significant for the six characters viz., days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of productive tillers per plant, panicle length, number of spikelets per panicle and grain yield per plant, and non significant for the remaining two characters i. e. spikelet fertility and 100-grain weight. Therefore, stability analysis was not carried out for these two characters. Mean sum of squares due to environment linear was found significant for days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of productive tillers per plant, panicle length and grain yield per plant. Linear component of G x E interaction was predominant for days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of productive tillers per plant, panicle length, number of spikelets per panicle and grain yield per plant. Non-linear component was found significant for all the traits studied. The hybrids DRR 7S x EPLT 109R, DRR 22S x KMR 3R, DRR 17S x BCW 56R, DRR 20S x KMR 3R and DRR 1S x IR 58025B had average stability and high per se performance for yield and yield contributing characters. 34. N. SANDYA KISHORE, V. RAVINDRA BABU, N. A. ANSARI AND A. RAMA PRASAD [Genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance in rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes of different eco-geographical regions]. Res.on Crops 9 (1) : 147-150 (2008) Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500 030 (A. P.), India.. Genetic variability and heritability of different yield and grain quality characters for 70 rice genotypes were studied. The analysis of variance revealed significant genotypic differences for all the 18 characters studied. The characters, namely, days to 50% flowering, plant height, head rice recovery percentage, L/B ratio, kernel length after cooking, elongation ratio, volume expansion ratio, water uptake, alkali spreading value and gel consistency were less affected by environment showing close correspondence between GCV and PCV. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was exhibited by characters like days to 50% flowering, plant height and water uptake and gel consistency. Hence, these characters can be improved through simple selection process. 35. m. k. srivastava and Dhirendra Singh [Study on heterosis with respect to yield in bread wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.) em Thell]]. Res.on Crops 9 (1) : 151-154 (2008). Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding CCS University, Meerut (U. P.), India.. A study was carried out with an objective to explore the extent of heterosis in bread wheat. The experiment consisted of 12 superior lines of bread wheat crossed with four diverse bread wheat testers in L x T fashion. Out of 48 crosses generated, only 12 crosses showed significantly feasible standard parent heterosis and subsequent yield suppression in F2 generation. The best cross for yield/plant was PBW 459 x Raj 3777 showing a 76.16% yield advantage over standard parent (PBW 343). The highest yield suppression in F2 generation was shown by the cross HUW 206 x UP 2425 (72.30%). UP 2425 as a male parent showed a potential combining ability (7.81) to most of the viable crosses. 36. a. k. singh, srikant, y. singh, o. n. mathur and l. d. sharma [Hybrid potential of seed parental lines of pearl millet under arid/semi-arid regions in India]. Res.On Crops 9 (1) : 155-158 (2008). Millet Scheme, Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics Agricultural Research Station, Durgapura-302 018, Jaipur (Rajasthan), India.. Fifteen hybrids were evaluated to estimate the combining ability and per se performance of parental lines of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) under rainfed condition in arid/semi-arid regions in India. Variances showed the presence of enough diversity in the parental lines and hybrids for all the traits. Seed parental lines, ICMA 93333 and ICMA 96111 and restorer lines RIB 20 K-86 and RIB 3135-18 were identified as good general combiners. The hybrids ICMA 93333 x RIB 3135-18, ICMA 93333 x RIB 335-74, ICMA 96111 x RIB 20K-86, ICMA 96111 x RIB 3135-18, ICMA 96111 x RIB 335-74 and ICMA 95444 x RIB 3135-18 had significant specific combining ability (sca) effects for grain yield. The identified parents would use further in breeding programme and the selected hybrids would be evaluated at different locations. Among the selected hybrids, ICMA 93333 x RIB 3135-18 (RHB 127) was evaluated during rainy season 2000 (19 locations), 2001 (25 locations) and 2002 (20 locations) under All India Coordinated Pearl Millet Project at zone-A India. RHB 127 had given 21% higher grain yield kg/ha and 14% higher dry fodder yield with similar maturity than commercially cultivated hybrid ICMH 356. 37. M. H. Manjunatha, Suvarna, A. Manjunath and M. A. Shankar [Estimates of genetic variability, association and path coefficient analysis in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) over locations during late kharif]. Res.on Crops 9 (1) : 159-164 (2008).AICRP for Dryland Agriculture University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore-560 065 (Karnatake), India.. The experiment was conducted in five locations of the Eastern Dry Zone of Karnataka, two in research stations and three in farmers’ fields during late kharif 2005. Sixty sesame entries were evaluated in an augmented design. Observations were recorded at the time of harvest on morphological yield and yield attributes. Genetic variability parameters, phenotypic and genotypic variances, heritability and genetic advance, correlations and path coefficients were studied for these characters. Based on above studies, a plant type with the characters viz., long duration, tallness, more plant height upto first branch, more number of nodes upto first branch, high number of primary branches and capsules, long and wide capsules can be considered as essential in achieving improvement in seed yield under late kharif conditions. 38. S. S. ghatak, md. w. reza and s. c. poi[Bio-efficacy of some biopesticides and modern synthetic pesticides against tea mosquito bug, Helopeltis theivora Waterhouse (Hemiptera : Miridae)]. Res.on Crops 9 (1) : 165-171 (2008). Department of Entomology and Plant PathologyDepartment of Agricultural Entomology Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur-741 252, Nadia (West Bengal), India *(e-mail : sibanisankar_ghatak@ yahoo.co.in, **wasimrez@gmail.com). The field experiments were laid out at two locations–one at Kamalpur Tea Estate (Plains) situated at Siliguri and the other at Hunterpara Tea Estate (Dooars) at Jalpaiguri, West Bengal, India, to evaluate the bio-efficacy of bio-pesticides viz., Beauveria bassiana, Metarrhizium anisopliae and Verticillium lecanii and clothianidin 50% WDG (Dantop) against tea mosquito bug, H. theivora, infesting tea. Keeping a no treatment control, imidacloprid (Tatamida) 17.8% SL was also used as a standard check. All the biopesticides were used @ 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 g/l of water, while these comprised 0.09, 0.12 and 0.15 g/l of water for clothianidin (Dantop) 50% WDG and 0.15, 0.22 and 0.28 ml/l of water for Tatamida. Of all the pesticides tested at Kamalpur Tea Garden, clothianidin 50% WDG at 0.12 and 0.15 g/l significantly reduced the leaf damage (89.00%) due to tea mosquito bug followed by 63.00% in imidacloprid at 1.00 ml; 57.00% in B. bassiana, V. lecanii, M. anisopliae at 2.5 g/l at Hunterpara Tea Garden; clothianidin at 0.12 to 0.15% significantly reduced the leaf damage (88.00%) made by tea mosquito bug followed by 70.00% in imidacloprid at 1.00 ml and 56.00% in B. bassiana at 2.5 g/l. Other biopesticides were found to be ineffective against the pest. Regardless of the concentrations and the type of the pesticide molecules used in the experiments, no phytotoxic effects such as epinasty, hyponasty, scorching, chlorosis and wilting were observed in tea plants at both the locations. 39. Mallikarjun Y. Kenganal, Hemavati Ranebennur, F. S. Patil and U. G. Kulkarni [Survey on incidence of banana streak virus and its expression behaviour]. Res.on Crops 9 (1) : 172-177 (2008). Department of Plant Pathology University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad-580 005 (Karnataka), India. A survey was conducted in banana growing in Marathwada region of Maharashtra to know the factors responsible for spreading Banana Streak Virus (BSV) disease and to expose the dependence of BSV for incidence. The three types of orchards visited showed the varied incidence ranging from 20.2 to 1.4%. The maximum incidence in case of suckers plantation was 13.6% found in Ardhapur and minimum of 1.4% at Asolwadi, with an average of 6.4%. In tissue cultured plantations, the maximum incidence of 18.3% was found in Ardhapur and minimum of 1.9% at Somanath having an average of 7.6%. The maximum incidence of 20.2% in case of ratoon plantation was found in Yellora and a minimum of 2.2% in Chudawa with an average of 6%. Symptoms observed in field were ranging from chlorotic spots to chlorotic flecking spindle shaped chlorotic lesions and chlorotic mosaic. Discontinuous chlorotic bands, mild chlorosis, stunted growth and inward rolling of leaf blade were predominant in diseased plants. Yellow botches, brown yellow streaks, deformation, narrow strips and in severe cases at young stag cigar leaf necrosis, black/brown necrotic strips and internal necrosis of pseudo stem were recorded. The transmission studies conducted failed to prove the sap or aphid transmission on any of the hosts tested, confirming the BSV, which only gets transmitted by citrus or sugarcane mealy bug in natural conditions but none of them was found in the survey. The survey confirmed transmission of the disease in field by infested sucker and tissue cultured seedlings, which need strict quarantine while going for establishment of new orchards. The maximum incidence and symptom expression was found in November by all the three types of orchards. The increase in severity of the symptoms was found beginning from August and reached peak in the month of November and declined with minimum symptoms in April and May. The sporadic nature of symptom expression and mode of transmission revealed that the strict quarantine and through inspection of seedlings and suckers helped in reducing the spread of the virus. 40. VAIBHAV KUMAR SINGH AND UDIT NARAIN [[Host range studies of Myrothecium roridum causing leaf spot in grapevine]. Res.on Crops 9 (1) : 178-180 (2008). Department of Plant Pathology C. S. Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur-208 002 (U. P.), India.. The leaf spot of grapevine caused by Myrothecium roridum Tode ex Fr. occurs mainly on the leaves but sometimes it also appears on petioles and tender branches in the form of the small, elongated lesions. Thirty plant species belonging to nine different families were artificially inoculated with the spore-cum-mycelial suspension of Myrothecium roridum for host range study. The pathogen proved its wide host rage by infecting 24 plant species of both cultivated and wild plants of different families. Out of 30 plant species, only few species belonged to family Poaceae and Chenopodiaceae and remained free from infection. The studies of host range studies showed that Myrothecium roridum had wide range of infection to different crops of different families. 41. VAIBHAV KUMAR SINGH AND UDIT NARAIN Effect of different media on cultural and morphological behaviour of Myrothecium roridum causing leaf spot in grapevine]. Res.on Crops 9 (1) : 181-182 (2008). Department of Plant Pathology C. S. Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur-208 002 (U. P.), India.. The present study was undertaken with objective to investigate cultural and morphological behaviour of Myrothecium roridum causing leaf spot in grapevine on different liquid and solid media. The studies revealed that the Richard’s medium (both liquid and solid) was the best suited for the growth and sporodochia formation of the fungus. On the basis of cultural and morphological studies, the fungus was identified as Myrothecium roridum Tode ex Fr. 42. B. Roy, B. K. Bera and A. K. Nandi [An economic analysis of jute based cropping system in Nadia district of West Bengal]. Res.on Crops 9 (1) : 183-186 (2008) Department of Agricultural Economics Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia (W. B.), India. The study was confined to field level primary data collected from two villages of Haringhata Block of Nadia district of West Bengal. The study revealed that return to cash input was found to be highest (2.78) for the sequence jute-ridge gourd-cauliflower in case of farmers having operational holding size less than equal to 1 acre. This was followed by sequence jute-ridge gourd-cabbage in case of farmer with holding size ranging from 1-2 acres which was estimated to be 2.69. It also revealed that although total cost and total return per acre were found to be highest for sequence jute-brinjal-radish, net return per acre was maximum for sequence jute-ridge gourd-cabbage. Again, benefit : cost ratio of the sequence jute-ridge gourd-cabbage was found to be highest in case of first group of farmers followed by the same sequence of the second group of farmers. For all other sequences and for all categories of farmers, benefit : cost ratio varied between 2-3 i. e. all sequences were highly profitable in terms of return per rupee of investment for all groups of farmers. 43. r. p. kaushal and b. v. s. sisodia [A study on farmers’ perceptions of varietal diversity in rice production]. Res.on Crops 9 (1) : 187-192 (2008). Department of Agricultural Statistics N. D. University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad-224 229 (U. P.), India.. In the present paper, an effort has been made to study the farmers’ perceptions regarding varietal diversity in rice production in one of the districts i. e. Faizabad falling under eastern Uttar Pradesh. Almost 13 varieties of rice consisting of modern and traditional varieties were found in the fields during the course of investigation. Most prevalent modern variety was Sarju-52, which covered about 50% of rice area followed by Narendra-359 (11%) and Mahsoori (9.5%). Other varieties covered marginal area under rice. A strong association between number of farmers growing different number of varieties and land holding of the farmers was found which was significant at 1% probability level of significance. The maximum VDI (0.75) was found in case of large farmers, whereas NI (0.33) was found maximum in case of marginal farmers. The regression analysis indicated that family size and NI have made significant effect on varietal diversity index of rice.
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