Volume 25, Number 3 (May, 2003)
Titles of research papers/articles alongwith their abstracts.
For full text, please contact to Editor-in-chief at : md@cropresearch.org
1. EUGENIO SANCHEZ ARREOLA AND R. K. MAITI [Therapeutic properties, botany and chemistry of Origanum majorana-A review]. Crop Res. 25 (3) : 385-393 (2003). Departamento Quimica y Biologia Escuela de Ciencias, Universidad de las Américas Puebla Santa Catarina Martir, CP 72820, Puebla, México.
ABSTRACT
Origanum majorana is used in traditional medicine as an astringent, diuretic, antihysterical, antiasthmatic, antispasmodics and antiparalytic drug. The chemical composition of O. majorana is terpinen-4-ol, hydroxycinnamic acid, alpha-pinene, gamma-terpinene, alpha-terpinene, terpinolene, p-cymene, linalool, alpha-terpineol and cis-sabinene hydrate.
2. C. P. VERMA AND KEDAR PRASAD [Performance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as influenced by soil conditioners and fertilizers with maize residue management in maize-wheat sequence]. Crop Res. 25 (3) : 394-399 (2003). Department of Agronomy C. S. Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur-208 002 (U. P.), India.
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted dueing rabi 2000-01 and 2001-02 at Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, to study the effect of two soil conditioners viz., gypsum and FYM against control with 100, 75 and 50% of recommended fertilizers on wheat in maize-wheat sequence. Among soil conditioners, FYM recorded maximum values of plant height, shoots/m2, spikes/m2, spikelets/spike and grain weight/spike, resulting in higher grain and straw yields, gross income and net profit. Gypsum proved superior over control in all these characters. Application of recommended fertilizers (120-60-40 kg NPK/ha) resulting in the maximum plant height, shoots/m2, spikes/m2, spikelets/spike, grain weight/spike and thereby higher yields of grain and straw. Gross income and net profit values alongwith C : B ratio were also maximized at recommended dose of fertilizers. Interaction effect of soil conditioners x fertilizers doses was not found significant on any character of wheat under study.
3. SHAULI MITRA AND A. K. BERA [Influence of grain density on some qualitative characters of rice (Oryza sativa L.)]. Crop Res. 25 (3) : 400-405 (2003). Department of Plant Physiology Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur-741 252 (West Bengal), India.
ABSTRACT
Asynchronous maturity of grain leads to development of different grades of grain in rice panicle. According to density, rice grain can be screened into four grades e. g. poor <1.06, average <1.14, good <1.2 and high density grain ³ 1.2 specific gravity. High density grains are those whose cavity of the hull has been completely filled. It has been observed that quality of the grain varies with density. Test weight, husk : kernel ratio, nutritive values of kernel and viability of the grain increase in the order of poor < average < good < HDG. Reason behind superiority of HDG than all other grades of grain is discussed.
4. S. ARUNA GEETHA AND T. M. THIYAGARAJAN1 [Partitioning and remobilization of nitrogen in rice genotypes]. Crop Res. 25 (3) : 406-409 (2003). Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry
Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003 (T.N.), India.
ABSTRACT
Nitrogen use efficiency of rice genotypes can be improved or maintained only by efficient nitrogen management strategies. To study the nitrogen uptake partitioning and remobilization, a field experiment was conducted with three rice genotypes and five nitrogen regimes. The results revealed that allocation of applied nitrogen to different plant parts varied with crop stage and depended on the rate and time of N application. There was significant genotypic variation in partitioning of nitrogen to different plant parts and also there was influence of environmental factors.
5. LOKESH KUMAR JAIN AND PUSHPENDRA SINGH1 [Growth and nutrient uptake of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as influenced by bio-fertilizers and phosphorus nutrition]. Crop Res. 25 (3) : 410-413 (2003). Dryland Farming Research Station, Arjia, Bhilwara (Rajasthan), India.
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was carried out during winter season of 1998-99 on chickpea to find out the effect of bio-fertilizers and phosphorus nutrition on growth and nutrient uptake of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). The experiment comprised four levels of bio-fertilizers (Control, Rhizobium, phosphorus solubilizing bacteria and Rhizobium+PSB) and five levels of phosphorus (0, 12.5, 25.0, 37.5 and 50.0 kg P2O5/ha) with three replications. Seed treatment by Rhizobium+PSB significantly influenced plant height, dry matter accumulation, number of branches, grain yield and increased significantly the N and P content and their uptake by the crop. The availability of N and P in soil at harvest was also significantly affected by above said treatment. Application of phosphorus fertilizer significantly affected plant height, dry matter accumulation, number of branches, grain yield and N and P content and their uptake by the crop. The availability of N in soil at harvest was also significantly affected with graded dose of phosphorus.
6. R. GALLANI, J. M. DIGHE, R. A. SHARMA AND P. K. SHARMA [Chemical composition, nutrient uptake and yield of different genotypes of chickpea on vertisols]. Crop Res. 25 (3) : 414-418 (2003). J. N. K. V. V. College of Agriculture, Indore-452 001 (M. P.), India.
ABSTRACT
Twenty chickpea genotypes were evaluated for their composition and nutrient uptake (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulphur) in a randomized block under rainfed condition. The study on relative performance of genotypes revealed a significant difference with respect to both content and uptake in straw and with uptake in seeds, but were of non-significant nature with respect to nutrient content in seeds. Results indicated that the genotype IG 378-9 showed its superiority over other genotypes in almost all the parameters.
7. KEDAR PRASAD AND RAJENDRA PRASAD [Effect of varieties and sulphur on yield and yield attributes of field pea (Pisum sativum var. arvense)]. Crop Res. 25 (3) : 419-422 (2003). Department of Agronomy Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur-208 002 (U. P.), India.
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was carried out during two consecutive years (1999-2000 and 2000-01) at C. S. Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur to find out the effect of sulphur on dwarf and tall varieties of field pea. Two field pea varieties (Rachna and Sapna) were tested under five doses of sulphur (@ 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 kg S/ha). Results indicated that Sapna produced significantly higher grain yield than Rachna during both the years. On mean basis, Sapna increased the grain yield by a tune of 3.69 q/ha or 15.25% over Rachna. All the yield attributes like number of pods, number of grains and grain weight/plant were superior in Rachna but plant density was higher in Sapna. The grain yield, number of pods/plant, number of grains/plant and grain weight/plant were increased with increasing leaves of sulphur significantly upto 30 kg/ha. On an average, application of 30 kg S/ha improved the grain yield by 8.40 q/ha (41.08%), pods/plant by 5.52 (25.31%), number of grains/plant by 16.12 (24.18%), grain weight/plant by 7.79 g (33.36%) and 1000-grain weight by 7.01 g (3.34%) over unfertilized plot. The interaction between field pea varieties and doses of sulphur was found to be non-significant.
8. B. LAVANYA VENI AND V. R. K. MURTHY1 [Effect of plant physiological characters on yield of soybean cultivars]. Crop Res. 25 (3) : 423-426 (2003). Agriculture & Soils Group NRSA, Department of Space, Hyderabad-500 037 (A. P.), India.
ABSTRACT
Field experiment conducted in kharif season during 2001-02 revealed that there was a significant effect of plant physiological characters on the yield of soybean. These physiological characters like plant height, number of branches and leaf area differed with different genotypes and also with different dates of sowing. Among the genotypes, JS-335 attained maximum height, number of branches and leaf area, which in turn reflected the yield. The early sown crop i. e. crop sown at 28 June resulted in good development of physiological characters as well as yield. The magnitude of yield loss was 22.85% by sowing the crop on 27 August than the optimal time of sowing on 28 June in kharif season.
9. GYANENDRA KUMAR SINGH AND KEDAR PRASAD [Effect of row spacings, nitrogen levels and basis of N application on yield attributes and yield of mustard variety Basanti]. Crop Res. 25 (3) : 427-430 (2003). Department of Agronomy C. S. Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur-208 002 (U. P.), India.
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted during two consecutive years (1997-98 and 1998-99) at C. S. Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur to find out the optimum row spacing, nitrogen requirement and basis of nitrogen application of newly released mustard variety Basanti. Treatment consisted three row spacings (30, 45 and 60 cm), three nitrogen levels (@ 60, 120 and 180 kg N/ha) and two basis of nitrogen application (area basis and row basis). On pooled data of two years’ results indicated that all the yield contributing characters per plant were found superior at 60 cm spacing as it produced more siliqua weight by 7.07 and 3.03 g and seed weight per plant by 7.99 and 2.28 g than 30 and 45 cm row spacings, respectively, with plant stand per plot was maximum (240) at 30 cm followed by 45 cm. The grain yield was significantly higher at 45 cm spacing than 30 and 60 cm. It increased grain yield to the tune of 1.56 q/ha or 7.5% than 30 cm and 2.31 q/ha or 11.19% over 60 cm. Application of 120 kg N/ha produced significantly higher number of branches, siliqua, siliqua weight, seed weight per plant and seed yield. Use of 120 kg N had 2.09 g more siliqua weight, 2.05 g more seed weight/plant and 2.55 q/ha or 12.60% more seed yield than 60 kg N/ha and similar to 180 kg N/ha. Row basis of nitrogen proved as good as area basis in respect of yield attributes and seed yield with the saving of 40 kg N/ha.
10. GYANENDRA KUMAR SINGH AND KEDAR PRASAD [Effect of row spacing and nitrogen doses on nutrient uptake and oil yield in mustard]. Crop Res. 25 (3) : 431-435 (2003). Department of Agronomy C. S. Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur-208 002 (U. P.), India.
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted during two seasons (1997-98 and 1998-99) at C. S. Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur to find out the nutrient uptake by mustard and oil yield in relation to row spacing and nitrogen doses. In this study, three row spacings (30, 45 and 60 cm) and three nitrogen levels (@ 60, 120 and 180 kg N/ha) were tasted. Pooled data revealed that N and P content in seed, straw and stick was increased upto 45 cm spacing, while K content upto 60 cm. The N, P and K uptake in seed, straw and stick yield as well as uptake by total biomass was the highest (108.99 kg N/ha, 30.46 kg P2O5/ha and 106.85 kg K2O/ha) at 45 cm. Oil content in mustard seed was increased with increasing spacing upto 60 cm. It increased oil content by 1.25 unit than 30 cm and 0.62 unit over 45 cm, while significantly higher oil yield was obtained with 45 cm (8.24 q/ha).The N and P content in seed, straw and stick was reduced with increasing levels of nitrogen. The N, P and K uptake by biomass (seed, straw and stick yields) was maximized at 120 kg N/ha (105.29 kg N, 28.24 kg P2O5, 102.60 kg K2O/ha). Oil content in mustard seed was significantly reduced with increasing doses of nitrogen. This reduction was by 2.32 unit (120 kg N) and 3.49 unit (180 kg N) over 60 kg N/ha. While the oil yield was statistically higher at 120 kg N/ha which was more by 0.55 and 0.23 q/ha over 60 and 180 kg N/ha, respectively.
11. A. RENUKADEVI, P. SAVITHRI AND K. ANDI [Sources, levels and methods of boron application on the dry matter production, yield attributes and yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) crop] Crop Res. 25 (3) : 436-440 (2003). Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003 (Tamil Nadu), India.
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar, Tamil Nadu, in Inceptisols of Typic Ustropepts to evaluate boron fertilizers (Borax, Boricacid, Agribor) on the dry matter production, yield attributes and yield of sunflower crop. The experimental field was found to be deficient in available B (0.35 mg kg-1) . Different B levels 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 kg B ha-1 as soil application and two levels of foliar spray 0.2 and 0.3% were compared with control. The treatments were super imposed with recommended dose of NPK. Dry matter production for all the three stages viz., vegetative, flowering, harvest and head diameter, number of filled grains and 100-seed weight were recorded at maturity. There was a linear and significant increase in DMP with increasing levels of B application. B nutrition increased the head diameter (14.5 cm), number of filled seeds (580) and 100-seed weight (5.8 g). The results also revealed that highest yield was recorded for the soil application of B at the rate of 2.0 kg ha-1 and the tune of yield increase of sunflower was 3.6 to 15.8 and 7.2 to 18.9% over control for seed and stalk, respectively. Agribor is equally effective as that of borax in influencing the B nutrition of sunflower crop.
12. S. BORDOLOI, P. P. DUTTA, L. C. DUTTA AND K. K. SHARMA1 [Effect of planting geometry on growth and leaf yield of different castor varieties (Ricinus communis L.)]. Crop Res. 25 (3) : 441-443 (2003). Department of Sericulture Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat (Assam), India.
ABSTRACT
An experiment has been conducted at the Instructional-cum-Research Farm of Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam from October 2000 to April 2001 under rainfed condition. The effect of planting geometry on growth and fresh leaf yield of five castor varieties has been studied. The highest fresh leaf weight per plant was observed in 1 m x 0.6 m planting geometry. On the other hand, the highest fresh leaf yield per hectare was obtained under 1 m x 0.45 m planting geometry i. e. under higher plant density. The highest fresh leaf weight per plant and fresh leaf yield per hectare were obtained in the variety 48-1. Interaction effects of planting geometry and variety were found to be significant in respect of fresh leaf weight per plant and fresh leaf yield per hectare irrespective of other growth parameters viz., plant height, number of branches and green leaves per plant.
13. R. GOVINDAN, B. SANNAPPA, V. P. BHARATHI, M. P. SINGH AND D. M. HEGDE [Nutritive value of leaves of different varieties of rainfed castor (Ricinus communis L.)]. Crop Res. 25 (3) : 444-448 (2003). Department of Sericulture GKVK, Bangalore-560 065 (Karnataka), India.
ABSTRACT
An experiment was carried out to analyze the organic components of leaves of eight castor varieties in different age groups under rainfed condition. Castor hybrid DCH-177 recorded significantly more leaf moisture (68.09%), total carbohydrates (38.37%) and crude protein (17.47%) with less crude fibre (6.583%) closely followed by DCH-32 hybrid (67.22, 37.83, 16.97 and 6.591%, respectively). However, Local green powdery variety recorded lower leaf moisture (61.23%) and total carbohydrates (34.28%), whereas crude protein content was higher (14.93%) with Local pink powdery and Local green non-powdery and higher crude fibre (6.823%) with 48-1.
14. C. P. VERMA, KEDAR PRASAD, H. V. SINGH AND R. N. VERMA [Effect of soil conditioners and fertilizers on yield and economics of maize (Zea mays L.) in maize-wheat sequence]. Crop Res. 25 (3) : 449-453 (2003). Department of Agronomy C. S. Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur-208 002 (U. P.), India.
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted during 2000-01 and 2001-02 to evaluate the effect of soil conditioners and fertilizers on kharif maize grown in maize-wheat sequence. Three soil conditioners (Control, FYM and gypsum) and three levels of fertilizers (120 : 60 : 40, 90 : 45 : 30 and 60 : 30 : 20 kg NPK/ha) were tried. FYM @ 5 t/ha and gypsum @ 1 q/ha increased all yield attributes, grain and stover yield, and monetary returns significantly over control. FYM proved significantly superior to gypsum in all aspects of yield attributes, yields and economics. Application of 100% recommended fertilizer (N120, P60, K40) proved most beneficial with maximum yield, monetary return and C : B ratio. FYM application produced significantly maximum grain yield of 36.81 q/ha and earned maximum of Rs. 6071/ha net profit. Recommended fertilizer dose produced significantly maximum of 36.13 q/ha grain yield with Rs. 6269/ha net profit. Interaction of soil conditioners x fertilizers was not significant in any case.
15. S. NATARAJAN AND A. RENUKADEVI [Effect of various levels of potassium on the yield of sorghum in different soil series of Coimbatore district]. Crop Res. 25 (3) : 454-459 (2003). Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003 (Tamil Nadu), India.
ABSTRACT
A pot experiment was conducted with the object of studying the effect of various levels of potassium on the yield and uptake of nutrients when CSH 5 sorghum was grown as test crop on the 15 different soil series at the rate of three each under the major soil groups, namely, red non-calcareous, red calcareous, black calcareous, brown calcareous and alluvial soils which cover 89% of the total area of Coimbatore district. Different levels 40 kg K2O/ha (K40), 80 kg K2O/ha (K80) and 120 kg K2O/ha (K120) were compared with control (K0). The experiment was conducted in a factorial randomized block design replicated thrice. The results revealed that application of K at different levels significantly influenced root, shoot and dry matter production. As regard with the effect of levels of K application 40 kg K2O/ha (K40) recorded higher yield than other levels. But there was no further improvement in K yield when the level of K2O was increased to 80-120 kg ha-1 in soil. Except Palathurai (red calcareous) and Dasarapatti series (black calcareous), the rest of soil series responded to K application. Simple correlation worked out between the yield parameter and nutrient uptake indicated that root yield of sorghum was related with the uptake of N, P, K, Ca and Mg. But the shoot and dry matter production were significantly correlated with nutrients N, P and K alone.
16. B. A. SONUNE, K. B. TAYADE, V. V. GABHANE AND R. B. PURANIK [Long term effect of manuring and fertilization on fertility and crop productivity of Vertisols under sorghum-wheat sequence]. Crop Res. 25 (3) : 460-467 (2003). Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola (M. S.), India.
ABSTRACT
The long term effect of manures and fertilizers on fertility and crop productivity of Vertisols under sorghum-wheat sequence was studied in semi-arid climatic conditions of Vidarbha region of Maharashtra. Results of the experiment indicated that the application of recommended dose of NPK (100 : 50 : 40 for sorghum and 120 : 60 : 60 for wheat) and 10 t FYM ha-1 recorded highest grain and straw yield of sorghum and wheat and also improved available NPK and organic carbon content of soil. The available NPK showed positive correlation with crop yield and there was positive balance of N and P, but K showed negative balance. Thus, from the results obtained, it is seen that the balanced use of NPK fertilizers alongwith FYM is essential for augmenting the fertility and productivity of Vertisols in cereal-cereal cropping sequence.
17. R. S. RINWA, S. C. GUPTA, M. C. MUNDRA AND B. P. SINGH [Impact on production of predominant cropping systems with different inputs management in Haryana] Crop Res. 25 (3) : 468-471 (2003). Department of Agronomy CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004, India.
ABSTRACT
Field experiments were conducted during 1997-98 to 1999-2000 at farmers’ fields in Haryana state keeping four different inputs management viz., farmers’ practices+local variety, farmers’ practices+improved variety, farmers’ practices+improved variety+recommended fertilizers and improved practices+improved variety+recommended fertilizers, for the three predominant cropping systems viz., pearlmillet-wheat, paddy-wheat and cotton-wheat. Treatment of improved variety+improved practices+recommended fertilizers gave maximum yield, wheat equivalent yield, gross returns, net returns, B : C ratio and link relative index in each cropping system.
18. B. P. SINGH, M. C. MUNDRA AND S. C. GUPTA [Productivity, stability and economics of various cropping systems in semi-arid ecosystem]. Crop Res. 25 (3) : 472-477 (2003). Department of Agronomy CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004, India.
ABSTRACT
Field experiments were conducted at Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar on various cropping systems in randomized block design with four replications to find out efficient cropping system for irrigated conditions of semi-arid ecosystem. Among the cropping systems evaluated, pearlmillet-potato-tomato, pearlmillet-potato-greengram, cotton-wheat and soybean-wheat-cowpea (fodder), these four high productivity cropping systems gave 13948, 10374, 8965 and 8316 kg ha-1, respectively, the yields on the equivalent basis. The lowest yield on equivalent basis was recorded in pearlmillet-mustard (6065 kg ha-1) cropping system. Maximum net return (Rs. 42462 ha-1) and highest B : C ratio of 2.43, system productivity of 42.26 kg ha-1 day-1, land use efficiency of 90.41% and total energy of 48521 K Cal x 1000 calories were recorded in pearlmillet-potato-tomato cropping system. Maximum stability index of 0.98 for kharif and 0.96 and 0.79 for rabi and summer were recorded in pearlmillet-mustard and pearlmillet-mustard-maize (fodder) cropping systems, respectively. Sorghum (fodder)-wheat gave the maximum system index of 0.90 followed by soybean-wheat-cowpea (fodder) with 0.83. Pearlmillet-potato-greengram cropping system recorded the maximum risk of Rs. 10915 ha-1 and the lowest risk of Rs. 3947 ha-1 in pigeonpea-wheat cropping system.
19. 19. B. MAJUMDAR, M. S. VENKATESH, KAILASH KUMAR AND PATIRAM [Effect of N levels, FYM and mother rhizome removal on yield, nutrient uptake and quality of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) and different forms of N build up in an acidic Alfisol of Meghalaya]. Crop Res. 25 (3) : 478-483 (2003). Division of Soil Science ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam-793 103 (Meghalaya), India.
ABSTRACT
Effect of N and FYM levels and mother rhizome removal was studied on ginger variety Nadia for two consecutive years. The rhizome yield, N, P and K uptake, crude protein and oleoresin content of ginger increased significantly with N and FYM application, while mother rhizome removal did not show any significant effect on these parameters. Mother rhizome removal had beneficial effect on residual nutrient status in post-harvest soil. The available P, K and N content and inorganic fractions of N i. e. NH4+-N, NO3–N and mineral N content in post-harvest soil improved significantly with N and FYM application and mother rhizome removal. The interaction of nitrogen and FYM was significant for yield, nutrient uptake, oleoresin content and residual nutrient build up in the soil. A combination of 100 kg N with 5 t FYM/ha was the best dose to get maximum yield with better quality ginger. Mother rhizome removal further improved the rhizome yield and provided extra income besides having significant impact on residual nutrient status of the soil.
20. BHASKARJYOTI SARMA AND B. K. CHAKRABARTY [Effect of some chemicals on finger characteristics of banana, Musa (AAB group) Malbhog]. Crop Res. 25 (3) : 484-487 (2003). Department of Horticulture Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat-785 013 (Assam), India.
ABSTRACT
An experiment with banana Musa (AAB group) Malbhog was carried out at the Experimental Farm, Department of Horticulture, AAU, Jorhat during the year 1998-99 to study the effect of some chemicals on finger characteristics of Malbhog banana. The treatments were given as spray on the bunches at the opening of the last hand. The chemicals significantly influenced the finger characteristics. The longest fingers were recorded in 25 ppm 2,4-D spray. Borax at higher concentration (1%) produced the fingers with the highest girth and volume and at lower concentration (0.5%) produced the highest finger weight (though not significant). The longest pedicels were recorded in 2% K+0.5% borax+10 ppm 2,4-D spray. As the length, girth and volume are yield attributing factors, yield of Malbhog banana can be increased by spraying the bunch with a mixture of 0.5 to 1% borax and 10 to 25 ppm 2, 4-D at the time of last hand opening.
21. B. LAVANYA VENI, V. R. K. MURTHY AND SK. MOHAMMAD [Influence of macro-meteorological parameters on dry matter production of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) genotypes]. Crop Res. 25 (3) : 488-491 (2003). Agriculture & Soils GroupNRSA, Department of Space, Hyderabad-500 037 (A. P.), India.
ABSTRACT
An experiment was conducted on soybean crop during kharif 2001-02 to study the influence of weather parameters on growth and yield of the crop. The maximum and minimum temperatures showed negative correlation on dry matter accumulation for all the soybean genotypes. Among them JS-335 showed least correlation whcn compared to others. The genotype KB-79 showed highest negative correlation. The morning relative humidity on the other hand was the most prominent element throughout the crop growth to impact significant and positive correlations to dry matter production in JS-335, MACS-124, PK-472 and KB-79 and negative correlation with evening relative humidity. The sunshine hours were significantly correlated with dry matter production of all four soybean genotypes. The genotype PK-472 imparted more correlation (0.49) than JS-335, MACS-124 and KB-79.
22. S. KUMARAN, V. BALASUBRAMANIAN AND A. BALASUBRAMANIAN [Screening of suitable tree species for the areas affected with tannery effluent]. Crop Res. 25 (3) : 492-494 (2003). T. N. A. U. Agricultural Research Station, Virinjipuram-632 104 (Tamil Nadu), India.
ABSTRACT
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the tree species for areas affected with tannery effluent in Vellore district. The tree crops including neem, pungam, bamboo, cassia, teak, eucalyptus and casuarina were planted at their normal spacing. The establishment and biometric observations i. e. plant height and number of branches plant-1 were recorded. Among the tree species, eucalyptus recorded higher percentage of establishment and plant height. Other tree species in the order of casuarina, neem, pungam, cassia and bamboo followed that. Teak performed very poorly and almost died due to its high sensitivity to the areas polluted with tannery effluent.
23. KANIKA AND S. P. VIJ [Regeneration competence of Oncidium Gower Ramsey pseudobulb segments]. Crop Res. 25 (3) : 495-497 (2003). Department of BotanyPanjab University, Chandigarh, India.
ABSTRACT
Clonal propagation of Oncidium Gower Ramsey was achieved by in vitro culture of pseudobulb segments on MS medium supplemented with plant growth regulators like BAP, KN and NAA. Regeneration pathway, regeneration frequency and number of meristematic loci invoked/explant were variously affected by the growth regulator used and their concentration. Callus mediated PLB and SB regeneration was achieved in medium containing KN (12.0 mg/1). The high frequency embryogenesis of these pseudobulb cells is a strong evidence of their totipotency. This protocol can be used for micropropagation of elite lines.
24. B. SANNAPPA, M. C. DEVAIAH, R. GOVINDAN AND C. DORESWAMY [Benefit : cost ratio of silk cocoon production under varied feeding regimes of silkworm with mulberry raised]. Crop Res. 25 (3) : 498-502 (2003). Department of Sericulture University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore-560 065 (Karnataka), India.
ABSTRACT
Economics of silk cocoon production was worked out for 100 disease free layings (DFLs) with different levels of nitrogen (calcium ammonium nitrate) applied to rainfed mulberry alongwith feeding frequencies of silkworm (NB4D2) during 1999-2000. Silkworms reared on mulberry raised with the application of nitrogen @ 75 kg/ha/year in combination with three feeds a day required less quantity of leaf (763 kg) with a cost of Rs. 1003 and the cost with N @ 100 kg/ha/year and three feeds/day (Rs. 985) alongwith labour (23.42 mandays and Rs. 1170) resulted in total cocoon production cost of Rs. 3801. However, larvae receiving mulberry raised with N @ 125 kg/ha/year and supplied five feeds a day registered higher cocoon yield (76.39 kg), gross profit (Rs. 13367) and net profit (Rs. 9337), but B : C ratio was more in four feeds/day with mulberry raised at N @ 125 kg/ha/year (2.348 : 1).
25. J. SHANTHALA, FATIMA SADATULLA, M. V. MUNISWAMAPPA AND H. R. SHIVAKUMAR [Genetic relationship among leaf associated components in elite mulberry (Morus alba L.) genotypes]. Crop Res. 25 (3) : 503-505 (2003). UAS (B) Sericulture College, Chintamani-563 125, District Kolar (Karnataka), India.
ABSTRACT
Mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf is an important economic trait amounting for about 60% of the cost incurred in silk cocoon production. However, lack of literature regarding the relationship between leaf and its related characters is the main reason to have initiated the present investigation. Nine elite genotypes were evaluated to study the genetic relationship between leaf area and its associated components by correlation and path analysis. The association of leaf area with shoot length (0.8776), internodal distance (0.9757) and petiole length (0.8860) was found to be positive and significant. The path coefficient analysis revealed that shoot length exhibited maximum direct effect on leaf area (1.9444) followed by petiole length (0.0879), while internodal distance had a negative effect on leaf area. Hence, a combination of shoot and petiole length should be given due importance for the improvement of leaf area, and thereby the yield of mulberry leaf.
26. P. VENKATARAMANA, T. V. S. SRINIVASA RAO, P. SREENIVASULU REDDY, N. SURYANARAYANA AND R. K. DATTA [Potentials of improved mulberry leaf and silkworm cocoon production technologies in Telangana region (A. P.)-An assessment through field demonstrations]. Crop Res. 25 (3) : 506-513 (2003). Research Extension Centre Central Silk Board, Vikarabad (Andhra Pradesh), India.
ABSTRACT
Trichoderma viride Pers. ex. S. F. Gray was tested in vitro for its efficacy in the problem soils viz., sandy, black hard pan, saline, sodic, alkaline, red crusted soil, acid soil and normal soil in suppressing the growth of blackgram root rot pathogen, Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi.) Goid. Blackgram (cv. CO 5) plants were raised in pots in the above mentioned problem soils in four sets of treatments. The biocontrol efficacy of T. viride was more effective (80.6 mm) in acid soils in inhibiting the mycelial growth of M. phaseolina. Application of T. viride as (TNAU) commercial formulation as seed treatment was the maximum 60 DAI in acid soil which showed the minimum (12%) root rot incidence. The biometric observations on 30 and 60 DAS, maximum shoot length (45.6 and 69.4 cm) and root length (18.6 and 25.6 cm) were observed in acid soil. In seeds treated with T. viride (TNAU) commercial plus pathogen inoculation, the minimum (22%) disease incidence was observed in acid soil 60 DAI, while the shoot length (42.9 and 62.6 cm) and root length (16.9 and 23.4 cm) were recorded at 30 and 60 DAS in acid soil as compared to uninoculated control and inoculated control. In uninoculated control, the root rot incidence was 26%, shoot length (43.5 and 65.3 cm) and root length (17.4 and 24.2 cm), while in inoculated control, the root rot incidence was 82%, shoot length (39.0 and 60.0 cm) and root length (15.1 and 22.1 cm), respectively, as compared to other problem soils. Survival of Trichoderma population was maximum 30 DAS (59 x 104 cfu g-1 oven dry soil, 9.68 g-1 soil) in acid soil with reduced (9.68 g-1 of soil) sclerotial population of M. phaseolina.
27. D. V. PATIL, K. THIYAGARAJAN AND PUSHPA KAMBLE [Heterosis exploration in two line hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.)]. Crop Res. 25 (3) : 514-519 (2003). Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003 (T. N.), India.
ABSTRACT
Heterosis explored in seven Thermo-sensitive Genic Male Sterile (TGMS) lines and 12 non-TGMS tester by making 84 crosses. The magnitude of relative heterosis, heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis with check (CORH 2 and ADTRH 1) were estimated. The crosses TGMS 15 x ADT 36, Pei’ai 64S x ADT 36, TGMS 18 x White Ponni, TGMS 18 x ADT 36, IR 68945-4-33-14 x ADT 36 and IR 68948-12-3-7 x C 20 showed high heterosis for early flowering. The hybrids TGMS 18 x C 20 and Pei’ai 64S x C 20 showed heterotic effects for profused tillering ability, panicle length, grains per panicle and yield. Relative heterosis for grain yield per plant ranged between -52.03 to 72.08% coupled with significant heterobeltiosis from -56.03 to 59.59%. The standard heterosis ranged from -70.00 to 46.55% for the yield per plant. There was a close relationship between per se performance, heterosis and sca effects in the hybrid TGMS 18 x C 20, Pei’ai 64S x C 20, Pei’ai 64S x ADT 36, Pei’ai 64S x IR 50, TGMS 18 x ADT 36, IR 68945-4-33-14 x ADT 36, IR 68948-12-3-7 x C 20 and IR 68948-12-3-7 x White Ponni. Their parents were also found good general combiners. The sca effects represented dominance deviation and epistatic interaction which could be related with hybrid vigour. Hence, these hybrids may be used for commercial cultivation in two line hybrid rice.
28. D. V. PATIL, K. THIYAGARAJAN AND PUSHPA KAMBLE [Combining ability of parents for yield and yield contributing traits in two line hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.)]. Crop Res. 25 (3) : 520-524 (2003). Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003 (T. N.), India.
ABSTRACT
Combining ability studies were conducted and 84 cross combinations were made from seven TGMS lines and 12 non-TGMS testers at Paddy Breeding Station, Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. Among the TGMS (Thermo-sensitive Genic Male Sterile) lines tested, TGMS 18 and Pei’ai 64S had superior per se performance with significant and desirable gca effects in four traits (productive tillers per plant, panicle length, grains per panicle and grain yield per plant). The non-TGMS testers C 20, ADT 36 and IR 50 were good general combiners coupled with high per se performance for all the five traits. The hybrids TGMS 18 x C 20, Pei’ai 64S x C 20, TGMS 18 x ADT 36, TGMS 18 x IR 50, Pei’ai 64S x IR 50, TGMS 15 x ADT 36 and IR 68945-4-33-14 x C 20 showed parallelism between per se performance and significant and desirable sca effects. The magnitude of sca variance was more than gca for all the traits except days to 50% flowering. The higher magnitude of gca for days to 50% flowering than sca effects showed additive gene action. Combining ability revealed the pre-dominance of non-additive gene action for most of the characters viz., productive tillers per plant, panicle length, grains per panicle and grain yield per plant studied, which offered more scope for exploitation of hybrid vigour through heterosis breeding. While days to 50% flowering governed by additive gene action was improved by pedigree breeding method. The per se performance followed by significant and desirable gca effects for characters in the parents TGMS 18, Pei’ai 64S, C 20, ADT 36 and IR 50 was high in the crosses involving these parents. The crosses TGMS 18 x C 20 and Pei’ai 64S x C 20 showed parallelism between sca and per se performance for maximum number of traits (productive tillers per plant, panicle length, grains per panicle and grain yield per plant). The crosses TGMS 18 x ADT 36, TGMS 15 x ADT 36, Pei’ai 64S x IR 50 and IR 68945-4-33-14 x IR 50 helped for introgation of early flowering trait. Hence, these crosses may be used for commercial exploitation of two line hybrid rice breeding.
29. M. VENUGOPAL, N. A. ANSARI AND T. RAJANIKANTH [Correlation and path analysis in maize (Zea mays L.)]. Crop Res. 25 (3) : 525-529 (2003). Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad (A. P.), India.
ABSTRACT
Genotypic and phenotypic correlation studies in maize indicated that plant height, ear height, ear length, ear girth, 100-seed weight and number of seeds per row were positively associated with grain yield. Path coefficient analysis revealed that number of seeds per row followed by 100-seed weight, days to 50% tasselling, ear girth and plant height contributed directly towards grain yield per plant. Though the character number of seed rows per ear had direct positive contribution towards grain yield, it had indirect negative influence through ear length, 100-seed weight and number of seeds per row. Days to 50% tasselling, days to 50% silking and protein content exhibited negative influence both directly and indirectly.
30. R. K. MAITI* AND HECTOR PERDOME-VELÁZQUEZ [Comparative morphology of six species of mother plants of Astrophytum grown in a green house]. Crop Res. 25 (3) : 530-538 (2003). Departamento de Química y Biología, Universidad de las Américas-Puebla, Santa Catarina Martír-Puebla Cholula, C. P. 72 820, Puebla, México, *(e-mail : rmaiti@mail.udlap.mx)
ABSTRACT
Astrophytum is an endangered group of cactus of high commercial and ornamental value in world market. The paper describes a qualitative and quantitative characteristics on the morphology of six species of Astrophytum showing great variations among the species in these characteristics. The presence of naked globose-cylindric stems associated with epicuticular wax and stigmas and showy yellow flowers are distinctive and attractive characteristics of the species of Astrophytum. There exists significant correlations among some morphological characters.
31. R. K. MAITI* AND HECTOR PERDOME-VELÁZQUEZ [Dermal characteristics of stems of five species of Astrophytum (Cactaceae)]. Crop Res. 25 (3) : 539-545 (2003). Departamento de Química y Biología, Universidad de las Américas-Puebla, Santa Catarina Martír-Puebla Cholula, C. P. 72 820, Puebla, México, *(e-mail : rmaiti@mail.udlap.mx)
ABSTRACT
The paper describes the dermal characteristics and stomatal apparatus of five species of Astrophytum. The species show variations in epidermal shape, surface and stomatal characteristics and the presence or absence of glands. The epidermal cell surface shows the presence of epicuticular wax varying among species. The presence of epicuticular wax and sunken stomata and trichomes is considered to be related to the mechanism of adaptations in the arid environments.
32. R. K. MAITI*, A. VÉLEZ-SOTO, EUGENIO SANCHEZ-ARREOLA AND P. WESCHE-EBELING [Modifying a technique to stimulate natural conditions for enhancing seed germination and rapid propagation of eight species of Cactaceae]. Crop Res. 25 (3) : 546-549 (2003). Departamento de Química y Biología, Universidad de las Américas-Puebla, Santa Catarina Martír-Puebla Cholula, C. P. 72 820, Puebla, México, *(e-mail : rmaiti@mail.udlap.mx)
ABSTRACT
The paper discusses the development of a very simple and efficient technique for inducing germination and rapid propagation of different species of Cactaceae.
33. R. K. MAITI*, R. A. PÉTRIZ-OLVERA, E. SÁNCHEZ-ARREOLA AND E. OSVALDO-RAMÍREZ [Medicinal plant species selected and confirmed for their efficiency to cure different diseases]. Crop Res. 25 (3) : 550-554 (2003). Departamento de Química y Biología, Universidad de las Américas-Puebla, Santa Catarina Martír-Puebla Cholula, C. P. 72 820, Puebla, México, *(e-mail : rmaiti@mail.udlap.mx)
ABSTRACT
This paper described the efficacy of different medicinal plants individual and in combinations for the treatment of various diseases. Through applications of these plants for a period of 10 years, various plants were selected for posterior analysis. On the basis of present studies, use of micro-dose was recommended for its greater efficacy.
34. A. D. BINDRA AND P. K. SHARMA [Production potential and aphid incidence in wheat+brassica intercropping system in mid hills of Himachal Pradesh]. Crop Res. 25 (3) : 555-557 (2003). CSK HPKV Rice Research Station, Malan-176 047, Nagrota Bagwan (H. P.), India.
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted during winter season of 1998-2000 to study the production potential and aphid incidence in wheat+brassica intercropping system. Intercropping of wheat+sarson (6 : 1 row ratio) gave a bonus yield of sarson (3.6 q/ha) followed by raya (3.3 q/ha) without any significant reduction in wheat yield (29.1 q/ha) and also gave maximum wheat equivalent yield (37.9 q/ha), net return (Rs. 15330/ha) and benefit : cost ratio (1.65) when aphids were controlled using insecticides. Without any control of aphids, wheat equivalent yield was significantly reduced (34.8 q/ha). Similarly, when the brassicas were broadcast the wheat equivalent yields, net returns and benefit : cost ratio were significantly decreased.
35. P. K. SHARMA AND B. K. KAUL [Management of Dicladispa armigera (Linn.) on rice with combinations of insecticide and ecofriendly neem formulations]. Crop Res. 25 (3) : 558-560 (2003). CSK HPKV Rice Research Station, Malan-176 047 (H. P.), India.
ABSTRACT
The efficacy of chlorpyriphos was evaluated either alone or in combination with biopesticides. Two sprays of chlorpyriphos 20 EC (0.05%) at 10 and 50 DAT proved most efficacious for the control of Dicladispa armigera followed by the other combination i. e. first spray of chlorpyriphos (0.05%) at 10 DAT and second spray of neemazal (0.3%) at 50 DAT. The replacement of second spray of chlorpyriphos with ecofriendly biopesticide neemazal (0.3%) may prove helpful in IPM programme.
36. O. F. OWOLADE, Y. O. K. OSIKANLU AND T. A. FADARE [Control of brown blotch of cowpea using botanicals]. Crop Res. 25 (3) : 561-566 (2003). Institute of Agricultural Research and Training Obafemi Awolowo University, PMB 5029, Ibadan, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
The efficacy of aqueous extracts from the leaves of Carica papaya, Tithonia diversifolia and Acalypha ciliata as potential biofungicide against Colletotrichum capsici was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Crude extracts of the three plants inhibited the mycelial growth of C. capsici on potato dextrose agar in laboratory. Extracts of A. ciliata and C. papaya totally inhibited mycelial growth at concentration of 80 and 100% of each plant crude extract. Field sprays of these crude extracts at 20% concentration significantly (P=0.05) reduced disease incidence and severity and their performances were comparable to benlate. The aqueous extract of the three plants used in this study contained varying amount of mineral associated with fungitoxicity.
37. K. M. AZAM, ALI A. RAEESI, A. SRIKANDAKUMAR AND W. S. BOWERS [Control of leaf miner (Liriomyza trifolii Burgess) on cucumber by plant extracts]. Crop Res. 25 (3) : 567-571 (2003). Department of Crop Sciences College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences Sultan Qaboos University, Sultanate of Oman.
ABSTRACT
Extracts of leaves and seeds of eight sub-tropical plants, namely, Acacia nilotica, Annona squamosa, Azadirachta indica, Boswellia sacra, Crotolaria juncea, Jatropa dhofarica, Myrtus communis and Sueda aegyptica were prepared by steeping 12.5 g of shaded dried leaf/seed powder of the plants in 62.5 ml water-ethanol (1 : 4 v/v) for 24 h. The extracts were suction filtered. Required quantity of filtrate was diluted with water to formulate 1, 2, 3 and 4% spray solutions, respectively. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) leaves attacked by leaf miner (Liriomyza trifolii) were collected from Agricultural Experiment Station of the University for testing the insecticidal action of the extracts. Five petri plates each with one cucumber leaf infested with leaf miner were sprayed with each concentration by applying a uniform quantity of almost 1.0 ml of spray solution. The plates were covered and kept for seven days for observation of larval and pupal mortality and adult emergence. Among the extracts tested, the highest mortality of above 94% was caused by neem A. indica at all the four concentrations. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance using Statistical Analysis System and revealed that the mortality of leaf miner of eight different plant extracts was significant (P<0.001). Increasing the concentration of each of the plant extracts had no effect (P>0.05) on mortality. Plant extracts of A. indica had the highest mortality (P<0.001) of 94%, whereas other extracts had similar (P>0.05) mortalities with an average of 28%, using Turkey’s mean separation procedure.
38. DHANBIR SINGH, AKHILESH SINGH, SANJEEV KUMAR, RAVINDER KUMAR AND AJAY KUMAR [Investigations on Tilletia indica, the incident of Karnal bunt of wheat]. Crop Res. 25 (3) : 572-578 (2003). CSK HPKV Regional Research Station, Dhaulakuan-173 001, Distt. Sirmour (H. P.), India.
ABSTRACT
In vitro studies on teliospore germination of Tilletia indica revealed that maximum germination was observed in soil extract medium. However, 20°C temperature and pH 8 were recorded best for teliospore germination. Fifteen seconds of exposure of teliospores to U. V. light enhanced spore germination over check. Teliospores did not germinate after 20 sec of exposure to U. V. light. Germination and survival of seedlings decreased with the increase of infection level on seed grains. Three-fourth of grain turned black or grains fully turned black failed to germinate. Three Karnal bunt isolates collected from northern India showed variation in both morphological and physiological characters. These isolates resulted in different responses of infection on different wheat varieties. However, none of the isolates could infect wheat variety HD 29 exhibiting highly resistant response (1R). Kb-2 isolate from Una was more virulent as compared to other isolates on all the wheat varieties except HD 29.
39. GOVIND SHARMA, R. SUTALIYA, S. PRASAD AND M. L. SHARMA [Effect of irrigation and intercropping system on growth, yield and quality of mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss] and linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)]. Crop Res. 25 (3) : 579-581 (2003). Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, J. N. K. V. V., Gwalior-474 002 (M. P.), India.
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted at Research Farm, College of Agriculture, Gwalior (M. P.) on sandy loam soil to evaluate growth, yield and quality of mustard and linseed intercropping under irrigated conditions. The results revealed that irrigation significantly influenced the growth, yield and oil and protein content. Two irrigations at 30 and 60 DAS recorded higher values of growth, yield attributes and grain and stover yield of mustard and linseed except test weight over no irrigation. One irrigation at 30 DAS and no irrigation recorded maximum oil content of mustard and linseed, respectively, while protein content increased with increasing level of irrigation. Among different intercropping, mustard+linseed in 2 : 4 row ratio produced higher growth and yield attributing characters. Grain and stover yield of mustard and linseed was lower in intercropping stands as compared to their sole stands.
40. R. K. MAITI, EUGENIO SÁNCHEZ-ARREOLA* AND GUDELIA MARTÍNEZ-ESPINO [Variability in nutritional values of grains of maize “Criollo” compared to those of maize hybrids]. Crop Res. 25 (3) : 582-584 (2003). Departamento Química y Biología Escuela de Ciencias, Universidad de las Américas Puebla Santa Catarina Mártir, Puebla, C. P. 72820, México, *(e-mail : Sánchez@mail.udlap.mx)
ABSTRACT
The paper reports an analysis of nutritional values of some native maize “Criollo” compared to those of hybrid cultivars. There existed large variations among native races in nutritional components. Native maize contained higher nutritional values compared to the hybrids.
41. R. SUTALIYA, A. K. GUPTA AND R. N. SINGH [Yield attributes of barley as influenced by phosphorus, sulphur and their correlation and regression with yield]. Crop Res. 25 (3) : 585-586 (2003). Department of Agronomy, S. K. N. College of Agriculture, Jobner-303 329 (Rajasthan), India.
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted at Agronomy Farm, Jobner (Rajasthan) during the rabi season of 1999-2000. The results showed that increasing level of phosphorus increased the yield attributes except test weight. Application of 40 kg P2O5/ha significantly increased the effective tillers per metre row length, ear length and number of grains per ear. The number of effective tillers, ear length and number of grains per ear were influenced significantly due to sulphur application. Grain yield had a positive and significant correlation with effective tillers, ear length, grains per ear and test weight.