Volume 21, No. 1 (March, 2020)

1. BRAJAGOPAL MONDAL, KALIPADA PRAMANIK* AND NARAYAN CHANDRA SARKAR [Response of aerobic rice to irrigation regimes and method of zinc application on growth and yield during summer season in lateritic soil]. Res. on Crops 21 (1) : 1-9 (2020). Department of Agronomy Institute of Agriculture, Visva-Bharati, Sriniketan-731 235 (West Bengal), India *(e-mail: kalipada.pramanik@visva-bharati.ac.in)

ABSTRACT

The field experiments were conducted during both the summer (April-August) seasons of 2016 and 2017 at the Agricultural Farm of the Institute of Agriculture, Visva-Bharati, Sriniketan, West Bengal, India to evaluate the response of aerobic rice (Sahbhagi Dhan) to different regimes of irrigation and method of zinc application and their effect on growth and grain yield. From the experimental findings, it was revealed that irrigation regime at 100% of CPE (I100) and irrigation regime at 125% of CPE (I125) improved significantly almost all the growth attributes, yield attributes over irrigation regime at 75% of CPE (I75). Irrigation regime at 100% of CPE and irrigation regime at 125% of CPE recorded significantly higher grain yield (4246 and 4398; 4306 and 4551 kg/ha) as compared to irrigation regime at 75% of CPE (3109 and 3336 kg/ha) in 1st and 2nd year, respectively. Application of zinc sulphate through seed priming @ 0.3% and through seed coating @ 1.2% also recorded significantly higher plant height, dry matter accumulation, crop growth rate and leaf area index as compared to other method of zinc application. Application of ZnSO4 through seed coating @ 1.2% and seed priming @ 0.3% recorded significantly higher grain yield (4381 and 4570; 4183 and 4420 kg/ha) over foliar application @ 0.5% (3938 and 4135 kg/ha), soil application of ZnSO4 @ 20 kg/ha (3775 and 3908 kg/ha) and control (3160 and 3441 kg/ha). So, irrigation regime at 100% of CPE (I100) in combination with seed coating or seed priming appeared to be the most promising combination influencing higher growth and productivity of aerobic rice in lateritic soil.

2. D. KURNIADIE*, A. B. IZZAH, U. UMIYATI, D. WIDAYAT AND C. NASAHI [Weed diversity in two rice cropping systems in Indonesia]. Res. on Crops 21 (1) : 10-16 (2020). Department of Agronomy Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, 45363, Indonesia *(e-mail : denny.kurniadie@unpad.ac.id)

ABSTRACT

The objectives of this study was to find out weed diversity and weed dominance in two different rice cropping systems in Bandung, Sumedang and Tasikmalaya regency from November 2018 until February 2019. This research was conducted using the survey method with two rice planting systems, SRI and conventional systems. Five locations, were selected for each SRI and conventional system at similar altitude in each district. At each sample location, we carried out vegetation analysis five times for each area of rice field using the quadratic method. Weed sampling was done randomly by placing a 0.5 m x 0.5 m quadrat at five locations for each district and each rice cropping system. Absolute and relative weed densities, frequencies and dominance of each weed type were recorded to compute sum dominance ratio (SDR), community coefficient (CC) and weed diversity (H). Destructive method was used to compute weed dominance. All above ground weed vegetations were harvested and separated by weed type and dried in an oven at 80°C for 48 h and their dry weight was recorded. The results showed that the dominant weeds on SRI were Cyperus difformis, Alternanthera philoxeroides and Ludwigia octovalvis, whereas in conventional rice cropping systems were Alternanthera philoxeroides and Pistia stratiotes. The species diversity index (H’) at SRI cropping systems in three research areas all belonged to medium category (H’<2-3), whereas at the conventional cropping system all research areas had low category of H’ <2. Community coefficient values at SRI and conventional cropping systems in three research areas were between 18.84 and 41.78 and belonged to the category of unacceptable, whereas the similarity of weed community between SRI and conventional cropping system in Sumedang was fair, Bandung was poor and Tasikmalaya regency was very poor.

3. REBOUH N. Y.*, LATATI M., POLITYKO P., KUCHER D., HEZLA L., NOREZZINE A., KALISA L., UTKINA A., VVEDENSKIY V., GADZHIKURBANOV A., IVANOV N. AND IGUER-OUADA M. [Influence of three cultivation technologies to control Fusarium spp. in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production under Moscow conditions]. Res. on Crops 21 (1) : 17-25 (2020). Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University) 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation *(e-mail : n.rebouh@outlook.fr)

ABSTRACT

In Russia, winter wheat represents important production with a significant proportion in the whole agricultural system. However, fungal diseases induce high quantitative and qualitative losses causing critical damages with significant economic losses. The current paper aimed at investigating the impact of three integrated treatments: basic, intensive and highly intensive to control Fusarium infection. The treatments contained fertilizers, fungicides and growth regulators at different combinations and concentrations. Six winter wheat varieties were studied : Moscovckaya 39 variety (V1), Moscovckaya 40 variety (V2), Moscovckaya 56 variety (V3), Nemchinovckaya 17 variety (V4), Nemchinovckaya 24 variety (V5) and Nemchinovckaya 57 variety (V6). Yield performances and grain quality (measured through protein content) were determined according to the tested cultivation technologies and the infection rates were measured for Fusarium. The results showed that the high intensive technology (T3) was the most effective against Fusarium with the most important values in terms of wheat yield (3 t/ha) more than technology 1 (T1) and grain quality. The results were variety-dependent revealing the intrinsic genetic performances and the different patterns of resistance to Fusarium. The current results open real opportunities concerning the application of potent treatments and selection of resistant varieties.

4. HUSEYNOV KAZIM GARAKISHI* [Evaluation of wheat varieties in response to low and moderate input farming systems]. Res. on Crops 21 (1) : 26-30 (2020). Science Research Institute of Plant Protection and Technical Crops (SRIPP and TC), Ganja, Azerbaijan Republic *(e-mail : kazimhuseyni@mail.ru)

ABSTRACT

In frigid environmental system, producers usually have the choice between growing spring and summer cereal crops or fall crop options. Russia climatic condition is complicating that choice. Hence, spring wheat has the potential to be a desirable choice in the Russia wheat cultivation areas. To evaluate the efficacy of the different farming inputs (Low- and moderate inputs) and productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties, two field trials were carried out at the state farm of Agricultural Institute of Moscow, Russia in the growing seasons 2015 and 2016. Field experiments were performed once a year by using randomized complete block arranged in a split plot trial design with four replicates, with the low- and high input experimental treatments as the main plots, and cultivars of spring wheat (Amir, Rima, Mis and Estir) as the second factor. Results indicated that the greatest wheat yield, harvest index, gluten content and gluten index were attained for cultivar Rima with the average use of intensive input treatment. Protein content was also higher when intensive cultivation system and wheat variety Rima were used. Data related to 1000 grains’ weight recorded that variety Rima in basic input system had the highest value. Overall, intermediate amount of agricultural inputs as an intensive input practice can cause greater grain yield and yield component in the area.

5. ALAA HASAN FAHMI*, MOHAMMED OBED SALLUME, ASWAD H. ASWAD, ABBAS L. ABDULRAHMAN, GHASSAN JAAFAR HAMDI AND MOHAMMED ALI ABOOD [Interaction effect of potassium fertilizer, humic acid and irrigation intervals on growth and yield of wheat]. Res. on Crops 21 (1) : 31-35 (2020). Department of Soil Science and Water Resources College of Agriculture, University of Diyala, Diyala, Iraq *(e-mail : alaahassen@agriculture.uodiyala.edu.iq)

ABSTRACT

Three-way factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) was designed and carried out to determine the effect of the interaction of potassium (K+) fertilizer, humic acid and irrigation period on wheat production. Wheat variety IPA 99 was planted using two rates of potassium fertilizer as KCl (0 and 150 kg K+/ha), two rates of humic acid (0 and 3 kg/ha) and three irrigation intervals (one week, two weeks and three weeks). The results showed that the interaction treatment of K and humic acid produced the highest number of internodes (7.00), for one and two weeks. However, for three weeks of irrigation intervals was (6.65). The highest plants were (145.00 cm) for two weeks of irrigation intervals. While the number of spikes/m2 was 145.67 for one week irrigation period which was not significantly different with two weeks irrigation intervals (143.33). The heaviest spikes and the highest grain yield were 6.93 g and 9.933 t/ha for two weeks irrigation intervals, respectively. The findings of the present study exhibited that using the combination of fertilizer (K × humic acid) led to reduce the irrigation requirement. Therefore, the results of this study recommend using the combination of (K × humic acid) to save water irrigation and to produce high grain yield.

6. ALLO A. DIDO*, DAWIT T. DEGEFU, M. S. R. KRISHNA, B. J. K. SINGH AND KASSAHUN TESFAYE [Agro-morphological variability and characters association in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) landraces differing for maturity period]. Res. on Crops 21 (1) : 36-45 (2020). Ethiopian Biotechnology Institute P. O. Box 32853, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia *(e-mail : alloaman2010@gmail.com)

ABSTRACT

Five hundred eighty-five barley landraces, categorized into three maturity groups i. e. early, medium and late, were assessed for 18 quantitative characters in augmented design with six blocks in 2018 and 2019. The estimates of genetic parameters indicated that values of genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were lower within the individual maturity group for all the characters, except effective tillers per plant in medium group and plant height and grain yield per plant in early group for which the values of these parameters were higher than those calculated on overall basis. Similar trend in the estimates of heritability and genetic advance was observed. Influence of maturity time on correlation was observed in many instances. Significant positive correlation of grain yield per plant with days to ear emergence in late group became non-significant in early group. Its significant negative associations with days to maturity and vegetative period in late group were shifted to significantly positive and non-significant, respectively, in early group. These and several other desirable changes in relationships among characters due to early cultivar development have been observed. Further study of genetic analysis using segregating generation of appropriate material with multi-location testing is suggested.

7. SEBRINA SHAHNIZA, S.*, MOHD FIRDAUS, I. AND ROSLAN, I. [Effect of time of application and concentrations of plant growth regulators on growth and yield of sweet corn (Zea mays L.)]. Res. on Crops 21 (1) : 46-53 (2020). Department of Crop Science Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia *(e-mail : shahniza_sebrina@yahoo.com)

ABSTRACT

Plant growth regulator is one of the major factors affecting sweet corn growth and yield. Although many worldwide studies were done to evaluate the effect of this factor on sweet corn, it is still necessary to do more study to add knowledge in this area because environmental factors will have significant effect on growth and yield of sweet corn. Experiments were performed on August to December 2018 using split plot design with four replications. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with probability value @ 0.05 using LSD was used to analyse the obtained data. Objective of the experiment was to increase quality component of high plant density using application of plant growth regulators. The experiment was carried out at Institute of Bioscience, UPM, Serdang with application of different type of plant growth regulators (IBA and GA3), different concentrations (0, 50 and 100 mg/l) and time of applications (vegetative and reproductive growth stages). A significant variation in growth rate when GA3 produced the tallest in plant height (4427.068 cm/week), while IBA produced optimum in stem diameter (16.420 cm/week) both at 100 mg/l at vegetative stage. Application of PGR during vegetative stage was the highly significant in cob weight (456.76 g) followed by reproductive stage (444.76 g). Indole-butyric acid produced the optimum significant results on cob length at 18.80 cm compared to gibberellic acid at 18.53 cm. Concentrations stated significant results with the highest was 100 mg/l on cob diameter at 5.66 cm followed by 50 mg/l at 5.46 cm and the lowest was 0 mg/l at 5.26 cm. For quantity components, application IBA at 100 mg/l during vegetative stage produced the highest yield per hectare at 51,840 kg/ha. This experiment indicated that interaction of plant growth regulators and concentrations in two times of applications would optimize plant growth and afterwards increase yield components.

8. D. ARUL RAJA SEKARAN*, R. SINGARAVEL AND P. SENTHIL VALAVAN [Effect of micronutrient and bioactive compounds fortified organic manure on the growth and yield of blackgram in coastal saline soil]. Res. on Crops 21 (1) : 54-58 (2020). Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar- 608 002 (Tamil Nadu), India *(e-mail : arulrajasekaran1510@gmail.com)

ABSTRACT

The micronutrients availability especially Zn and Fe is low in coastal saline soils due to soil characters such as poor texture, organic matter, leaching and chemical reaction involving precipitation and fixation at high pH and salinity. This results in greater yield reduction in such soil. To evaluate the influence of fortified organic manures on the growth and yield of blackgram in coastal saline soil, one field experiment was conducted in a farmer’s field at Arunmozhidevan village, Parangipettai Block, of Tamil Nadu state during January-March 2018. The texture of the soil was sandy loam and taxonomically classified as Typic Ustifluvent. The soil analyzed pH 7.93, EC 2.03 dS/m and represented low status of organic carbon (0.44%). The soil had low alkaline KMnO4-N (120.21 kg/ha), Olsen-P (7.18 kg/ha) and NH4OAc-K (275.70 kg/ha). The following treatments, namely, T1–Control (recommended NPK), T2–NPK+ZnSO4 @ 25 kg/ha+FeSO4 @ 25 kg/ha, T3–NPK+100% Zn and Fe fortified organic manure @ 5 t/ha, T4- NPK+100% Zn and Fe+bio-active compounds fortified organic manure @ 5 t/ha, T5–NPK+75% Zn and Fe fortified organic manure @ 5 t/ha, T6–NPK+75% Zn and Fe+bio-active compounds fortified organic manure @ 5 t/ha, T7–NPK+50% Zn and Fe fortified organic manure @ 5 t/ha and T8–NPK+50% Zn and Fe+bio- active compounds fortified organic manure @ 5 t/ha were studied in RBD with three replications. Blackgram variety ADT 3 was cultivated. The results of the field experiment showed that all the growth characters like plant height, DMP, LAI, number of branches and yield components viz., number of pods per plant, number of flowers and 100-seed weight and seed and haulm yield were significantly influenced by the fortified manure application. Among the treatments, T6–NPK+75% Zn and Fe+bio-active compounds fortified organic manure @ 5 t/ha was superior in significantly increasing the growth and yield of blackgram. This treatment recorded a seed and haulm yield of 763 and 1314 kg/ha, respectively.

9. KADHIM H. HUTHILY*, ABDUL KADHM N. AL-SHOAILY AND MURTADHA A. A. ALFARIS [Response of broad bean (Vicia faba L.) to different depths of tillage and spraying with yeast extract]. Res. on Crops 21 (1) : 59-64 (2020). Department of Field Crops Sciences College of Agriculture, University of Basra, Iraq *(e-mail : aalnidawi@yahoo.com)

ABSTRACT

Field experiment was conducted during the growing season of 2017-18 in Basra governorate to study the effect of three tillage depth “TD” (30, 40 and 50 cm), and spraying with three activated yeast extract “AYE” concentrations (zero, 4 and 8 g/l) on growth and yield of broad bean (Vicia faba L.) var. loz de onito. The experiment was carried out in a split-plot arranged with randomized complete block design with three replicates. The results showed that TD of 50 cm led to an increase in plant height, number of branches in plant, also led to a significant increase in the number of pods and number of seeds in pod by 26 and 21%, respectively, compared to the TD of 30 cm, also held green pods yield of 327.2 g/plant at TD of 30 cm increased to 547.5 g/plant at 50 cm depth. Spraying AYE at 8 g/l resulted in a significant increase for all traits that have been studied, among these traits number of pods/plant and number of seeds/pod by 16 and 22%, respectively, compared to control. The interaction gave a significant increase for plant height and green pods yield per plant, so the TD at 50 cm and 8 g/l AYE gave the highest values.

10. TAMARA SHEPILOVA*, DMYTRO PETRENKO, IVAN SKRYNNIK, SERHII KARPUSHYN AND SERHII LESHCHENKO [Soybean productivity depending on fertilizers in the northern steppe of Ukraine]. Res. on Crops 21 (1) : 65-69 (2020). Central Ukrainian National Technical University (CUNTU) Kropyvnytskyi 25006, Ukraine *(e-mail : shepilova.tamara@gmail.com)

ABSTRACT

Studies had shown that the application of biological products Rhizostim and Optimize 400 significantly increased germination of seeds with application of phosphorus-potassium fertilizer and without fertilizers by 2.4-3.6%. The application of nitrogen fertilizer caused a significant reduction in field germination of seeds compared to the absolute control by 2.6%, while phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, on the contrary, increased this indicator by 3.5%. Nitrogen fertilizer had a significant positive effect on plant mass formation, where it increased compared to the absolute control by 9.4 g, which was 25.6%. The larger mass of plants was formed in the variants with the complex application of nitrogen fertilizer and biological products (47.0-47.5 g). The application of nitrogen fertilizer caused the reduction of the number of nodules compared to the absolute control by 14.0 pieces, which was 32.1%. With application of phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, on the contrary, there was an increase in the number of nodules by 15.3 pieces, or 35.1%. The highest productivity was in the application of biological products with phosphorus-potassium fertilizer (2.79-2.83 t/ha), with the productivity increase compared to the absolute control by 10.3-11.9%.

11. MESSAOUD LAIB*, ZOUHIR DJERROU, NABILA SOUILAH AND MOHAMED EL MONCEF BENTCHIKOU [Valorization of olive mill wastewaters by composting process in the germination of soybean]. Res. on Crops 21 (1) : 70-75 (2020). Department of Nature and Life Sciences Faculty of Sciences, University of August 20th1955, Skikda, Algeria *(e-mail : m.laib@univ-skikda.dz)

ABSTRACT

Growing quantities of vegetable water are dumped into nature every year without any control. By their chemical composition, they have a very high polluting power. In the context of research on treatment and recovery processes, we are interested in the recovery of these effluents by the humidification of composts in a context of soil improvement, but also by the treatment of electrocoagulation and their recovery in germination of Glycine soybeans max. Physico-chemical analysis of raw margin revealed that it was characterized by an acidic pH, black colour, and contained a high organic and mineral load that was not biodegradable. After treatment, these characteristics experienced very remarkable reductions in phenolic compounds (15.27%), chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 98%, biochemical oxygen demand during five days (BOD5) (86.5%), conductivity (82%), salinity (82.77%) their pH increased until neutrality (7.62), and that the colour had been considerably reduced in intensity as a result of a reduction in their polluting load. The effects on the germination of soybean were favourable for all the dilutions used. During the maturation of composts precisely in the mesophilic phase, we observed degradations and transformations of organic matter and also significant transformation of the total mass of initial organic carbon. At the end of the maturation obtained after four months, the high germination indices obtained testify to good stability of the composts and a decrease in its phytotoxicity.

12. SE JI JANG AND YONG IN KUK* [Occurrence distribution of an exotic plant Ipomoea hederacea and soybean growth and yield reductions caused by its occurrence densities]. Res. on Crops 21 (1) : 76-81 (2020). Department of Oriental Medicine Resources Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea *(e-mail : yikuk@sunchon.ac.kr)

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to better understand how the occurrence densities of ivy leaf morning glory (Ipomoea hederacea) reduce the growth and yield of soybean crops. In 2016, ivy leaf morning glory had an occurrence rate of 12% in 67 farmlands across Jeonnam province. In 2017, however, the ivy leaf morningglory occurrence rate had risen to 39% in 33 farmlands across Jeonnam province. Ivy leaf morning glory growth rate varied significantly from region to region. The differences in growth between areas may have been caused by variation in temperatures, the depths at which seeds had been buried or their dormancy period. Compared with the free weed control, the shoot fresh weight of soybean crops competing with ivy leaf morning glory was reduced by 12, 25, 39 and 50% in crops with ivy leaf morning glory densities of 1, 5, 10 and 20 plants per m2, respectively. Soybean yields were reduced by 30, 72, 86 and 94% in crops when ivy leaf morning glory densities were 1, 5, 10 and 20 plants per m2, respectively. The reduction in soybean yield can be attributed to reductions in yield components such as pod numbers, 100-seed weight and ripening rate. Our study clearly showed the capacity of ivy leaf morning glory for destruction in soybean crops, however, further studies are needed in order to determine new means of controlling this weed without damaging crops.

13. O. MONTES*, R. CASTRO, C. VILLANUEVA, M. PÉREZ, M. URIBE AND C. JIMENEZ [Fast analysis of plant health, plant count and nitrogen status using drones]. Res. on Crops 21 (1) : 82-87 (2020). Horticultura Universidad Autónoma Chapingo Estado de México, 56230, México *(e-mail : Montes.horticulture@outlook.com)

ABSTRACT

The limited natural resources, high cost of agro-inputs and environmental degradation are promoting precision agriculture, the drones have become widely available for use in agriculture aerial imagery of fields, these can be analyzing drone map data to understand the health of crops. The objective of this paper was the fast analysis of plant health, nitrogen status, and plant count in maize crops using drones. In our field, plant health is better in low areas. The total area with nitrogen deficiency is 14% of the field, spot in high areas, so that management actions on identified areas are recommended. Plant count analysis reports 20,964 plants. The fast information obtained for drones and software can take action quickly to remedy some agricultural common issues.

14. MUFARO MUVINGI*, MARINA LYASHKO, ELCHIN ORUJOV, MARSEL AKHRAROV, NASSER SAID HASSAN AND MARYAM BAYAT [Studies on molecular diagnostics in weed science : Application of molecular methods for herbicide resistance in weeds]. Res. on Crops 21 (1) : 88-92 (2020). Department of AgroBiotechnology Institute of Agriculture, RUDN University, 117198, Moscow, Russia *(e-mail : mufaromuvingi@gmail.com)

ABSTRACT

Weeds have proved to be a huge cause of yield loss in the past and are still a recurring problem. Weeds harbor many pests and virus and bacterial carrying vectors. To date the most effective methods of control have been herbicides. Herbicides are very effective but come at a huge cost to the environment and lately there were many cases of ineffective herbicides that used to effectively control weeds. This can be referred to as herbicide resistance (HR). HR can be referred to as the genetically inherited ability of a plant to withstand toxins that usually when applied kill it. This problem has led to the invent and need to come up with not just environmentally friendly control measures but also highly effective alternate methods of weed control. To date many have been devised like allelopathy but is not 100% effective. Molecular diagnostics is a set of methods used to analyze biological markers in the genome and proteome–the genetic code and how cells express their genes as proteins. The main focus of this paper is a deeper look into molecular weed diagnosis (MWD), the various methods of HR in weeds and methods of control that have been devised from results collected.

15. KAVHIZA NYASHA JOHN, VVEDENSKIY VALENTIN, BEHZAD ABDULLAH, MARYAM BAYAT, MOHAMMAD HADI KARGAR AND MEISAM ZARGAR* [Weed mapping technologies in discerning and managing weed infestation levels of farming systems]. Res. on Crops 21 (1) : 93-98 (2020). Department of AgroBiotechnology Institute of Agriculture, RUDN University, 117198, Moscow, Russia *(e-mail : zargar_m@rudn.ru)

ABSTRACT

The advent of robust sensing technologies in remote and proximal sensing systems has led to the generation of accurate weed maps thus enabling precise weed management (PWM). The data from the weed maps are crucial input for crop-weed discriminating algorithms and also decision support models that quantify the risk posed by the weeds on the fields. The use of prescription maps combined with herbicide application technologies such as patch spraying or variable rate application has great potential in weed management. Continuous efforts are being made whereby the three procedures i. e. sensing, decision support and herbicide application are carried out in one operation (real time). There are indications that manual weed sensing is not economically sustainable thus remote sensing is the most attractive option. The pilot and spotter training costs can be offset by the herbicide savings due to reduced herbicide usage, which is also ecologically advantageous. Newly advanced image analysis technologies have led to the transcendence of the limitations associated with pixel based approaches. However, the current technologies still cannot sense a large number of unknown species and simultaneously make real time decisions on the type of herbicide and level of control. Site specific information in particular weed distribution, species composition and density if of paramount importance for precise weed management.

16. ABDUL MUHAIMIN, A. K.*, MAHERAN ABD AZIZ, NOOR CAMELLIA, N. A. AND MANSOR HAKIMAN** [In vitro mutagenesis using bio-beam irradiation on in vitro culture of Cavendish banana cultivar (Musa acuminata Colla) explants]. Res. on Crops 21 (1) : 99-105 (2020). Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia *(e-mail : emin_scene@yahoo.com; **mhakiman@upm.edu.my)

ABSTRACT

Banana, Musa acuminata cv. Cavendish, was commonly propagated by use of suckers from selected field grown clumps. An in vitro technique has in recent years provided with rapid and efficient system propagation. However, high demand for planting material has caused significant shortages and subsequently attempts at improving the efficiency of in vitro propagation technique have been initiated. The current study investigated the effect of gamma irradiation using bio-beam on in vitro propagation of banana cv. Cavendish. The main objective was to assess the effect of mutation induction using gamma source on growth and development of plantlets while in culture. Tissue cultured banana plantlets were used as source of explant materials. The plantlet was trimmed of leaves and halved before culturing on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media. Then, the explants radiated with gamma source using Ion-Beam with selected dose [0 (control), 30 Gy, 60 Gy, 90 Gy, 120 Gy and 150 Gy] and transferred to fresh MS media with 5 mg/l of BAP. The analysis showed dosage of 30 Gy and 60 Gy produced significant survival rate and favourable effect on growth especially on plant height, shoot number, leaf production and root production. Thus, this study contributed to develop in vitro mutagenesis of M. acuminata cv. Cavendish through gamma rays coupled with in vitro system for future breeding of new varieties of banana.

17. ALBERT AKHMEDOVICH KHAKIMOV*, MIRAKBAR ABZALOVICH ZUPAROV AND RISQIBOY ABDIEVICH GULMURODOV [Short time method of composting for cultivation of button mushroom [Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach]]. Res. on Crops 21 (1) : 106-112 (2020). Department of Agrobiotechnology Tashkent State Agrarian University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan *(e-mail : alberthakimov@mail.ru)

ABSTRACT

In many countries of the world, the button mushroom [Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach] is grown on a production basis, now an intensive method of cultivation is being introduced in Uzbekistan as well. This article discusses the results of cultivation of button mushroom in standard (conventional) compost and by a short time method of composting of substrate. Advantages and disadvantages of growing mushroom on standard (traditional) compost have been compared with a method of growing button mushroom on a short time composted substrate, which is recommended for production. Comparing to traditionally prepared compost, on button mushroom cultivation with short composting substrate the development period was reduced by seven days and ready substrate was increased by 12-18%. The yield of fruit bodies of button mushroom (A. bisporus) increased by 16.7% in proportion to the control variant and made 10.5 kg/m2.

18. D. ELAYARAJA*, S. SATHIYAMURTHI AND P. KAMALAKANNAN [Response of zinc, silicon and organic manures on the growth, yield and nutrient uptake by bhendi on Typic Usticpsamment soil]. Res. on Crops 21 (1) : 113-119 (2020). Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar-608 002 (Tamil Nadu), India *(e-mail : md.elayaraja@yahoo.in)

ABSTRACT

A field experiment was conducted in farmer’s field during June-September 2018 to study the effect of zinc, silicon along with organic manures on the growth, yield and nutrient uptake by bhendi in coastal sandy soil. The texture of the experimental soil was sandy and taxonomically classified as Typic Usticpsamments with initial soil characteristics (0-15 cm layer) of the experimental site were, pH 8.45 and EC 4.15 dS/m. The soil registered low organic carbon status of 2.30 g/kg, 145 kg/ha of alkaline KMnO4 –N; 9.21 kg/ha of Olsen-P and 158 kg/ha of NH4OAc-K, respectively. The available DTPA extractable Zn content of 0.74 mg/kg and silicon content of 84.5 mg/kg in soil. The various treatments included were : T1–Control (RDF alone), T2 –RDF+Composted coirpith (CCP) @ 12.5 t/ha, T3 –RDF+ZnSO4 @ 25 kg/ha+Silixol granules @ 20 kg/ha soil application (SA), T4 –RDF+ZnSO4+Silixol granules foliar application (FA) @ 0.5% twice at pre-flowering (PFS) and flowering stage (FS), T5–RDF+CCP+ZnSO4 @ 25 kg/ha+Silixol granules @ 20 kg/ha (SA), T6 –RDF+CCP+ZnSO4+Silixol granules (FA) and T7–RDF+CCP+ZnSO4+Silixol granules (SA+FA). The above treatments were arranged in a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications and tested with bhendi var. MBH 64 as test crop. The results of the study clearly showed that the yield benefit of the treatment application of RDF+ ZnSO4 @ 25 kg/ha+Silixol granules @ 20 kg/ha (T7) through soil and foliar application of ZnSO4+Silixol granules @ 0.5% twice along with recommended dose of NPK and composted coirpith @ 12.5 t/ha superior in increasing the growth, yield and nutrients uptake of bhendi.

19. SERGEY L. RUBTSOV, ALEKSEY L. BAKUNOV*, ALEKSEY V. MILEKHIN AND NADEZHDA N. DMITRIEVA [Effect of different types of lighting on the growth and development of meristematic potato plants]. Res. on Crops 21 (1) : 120-123 (2020). Samara Scientific Research Agriculture Institute named after N. M. Tulaykov Branch of Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Samara Federal Research Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 446254, 41 K. Marksa str. Bezenchuk vil., Samarskaya oblast, Russian Federation *(e-mail : ale171758@gmail.com)

ABSTRACT

The aim of the research was to study the growth and development of meristematic potato plants in different lighting conditions. Regenerants of seven varieties were cultivated in the standard Murashige and Skoog medium for 30 days with a 16-h photoperiod with lighting by fluorescent lamps (control), LED lamps and sodium-vapor lamps. The varieties Granada, Grand, Ilyinsky and Lizanne showed no significant differences in the length of regenerants grown under LED lighting in comparison with the control. The analysis of the average number of internodes and the number of roots per meristematic plant did not reveal significant differences in these parameters between the plants grown under different types of lighting. The lighting type practically had no influence on variability of these features. The variability of the number of internodes was almost entirely determined by genotypic factors; the length of the root system was determined by genotypic and environmental factors. The study demonstrated the possibility of growing meristematic potato plants with the use of LED lighting. It enables optimization of production of potato plants in vitro and reduction of the cost of the original seed material.

20. RAWAA GHALIB MAJEED* [Effect of organic acid, amino acids and nano-fertilizer on growth, yield and nitrate concentration of lettuce plant under two farming systems]. Res. on Crops 21 (1) : 124-128 (2020). Department of Horticulture College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Iraq *(e-mail : plantbreeding666@yahoo.com)

ABSTRACT

A field experiment was conducted during the seasons 2015-16 and 2016-17 in the fields of Department of Horticulture, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad in order to study the effect of foliar application with Humistar, Dolphin Plus and nitrogen fertilizer (Novatic Soluble 21) and interaction between them as well as the control treatment (NPK) on growth and yield of lettuce plant. Seedlings were planted using the randomized complete block design with three replications. The interaction treatment between organic and amino acids was superior in nitrogen percentage in the first season, and phosphorus and chlorophyll percentage in the second season by giving (2.4700%, 0.4167% and 0.536 mg/g), respectively, also it was superior in nitrate concentration and head circumference in both the seasons (581.00 ppm, 584.00 ppm, 66.70 cm and 43.30 cm), respectively. While the treatment of nano-fertilizer was superior in nitrogen percentage in the second season and in phosphorus percentage in the first season (2.4633 and 0.3900%), respectively. The interaction treatment between nano-fertilizer and amino acids was superior in potassium percentage and the amino acid (proline) concentration in the two seasons by giving 2.2600%, 2.2133%, 8.40 mg/g and 8.60 mg/g), respectively. While in the stem length, stem diameter, number of leaves per plant, head weight, total yield, in both the seasons, and chlorophyll ratio in the first season, the treatment of nano-fertilizer was superior in all of them by giving 8.33 cm in both the seasons, 3.80 mm, 2.80 mm, 57.3 leaves/plant, 37.3 leaves/plant, 922 g, 821 g, 2.767 kg, 2.464 kg and 0.5500 mg/g, respectively.

21. V. D. NGUYEN AND D. H. TRAN* [Effects of organic foliar nutrient application on lettuce production in Central Vietnam]. Res. on Crops 21 (1) : 129-132 (2020). Faculty of Agronomy University of Agriculture and Forestry Hue University, 102 Phung Hung Street, Hue City, Vietnam *(e-mail : tdanghoa@hueuni.edu.vn)

ABSTRACT

A field experiment was conducted in spring-summer season in Central Vietnam to investigate the effect of different application levels (e. g. 25, 50, 75 and 100 l/ha) of organic foliar nutrient solution named BD1 which was mixed from molasses, watermelon extract and aglutamic solution on the growth and yield of lettuce plants. Growing time, plant height, number of leaves per plant, canopy diameter, biomass and yield were investigated. The results indicated that the plant treated with high levels of 50, 75 and 100 l/ha had a positive effect on the development, growth and yield of lettuce. Spraying at the level of 100 l/ha was an optimal level which gained highest growth and yield. As a result, farmers are recommened to use the BD1 as a nutrient supplement to lettuce in organic agricultural production.

22. M. E. RAMPHELE, M. Y. MAILA* AND M. S. MPHOSI [Enhancing emergence percentage in stored Cleome gynandra L. seeds]. Res. on Crops 21 (1) : 133-137 (2020). Limpopo Agro-Food Technology Station University of Limpopo, Private Bag x1106, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa *(e-mail : yvonne.maila@ul.ac.za)

ABSTRACT

Cleome gynandra is an edible African indigenous leafy (AIL) vegetable highly consumed by local communities in most provinces of South Africa (SA). However, C. gynandra is not formally cultivated in SA, but rather found commonly growing naturally under disturbed soils, especially in smallholder’s backyard. Seeds of C. gynandra comprise physiological dormancy, which prevent germination after pod harvest. The objective of this study, therefore, was to investigate the effect of seed storage followed by pre-chilling (PC) treatment on emergence percentage (EP) of C. gynandra seeds. Eight months stored seeds of C. gynandra were pre-chilled for 0, 6, 12, 18, 24 and 30 h at 4ºC. The non-chilled (0 h), but stored seeds represented the control. After PC treatment, all seeds were germinated in seedling trays filled with Hygromix growing media in vivo. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design, with 10 replicates. The total number of emerged seedlings was recorded daily until no further emergence was observed (30 days). The collected data were calculated and expressed as EP and mean emergence time (MET) prior to analysis through SAS software. Both the stored, non-chilled seeds at the control and the stored-PC seeds emerged. Pre-chilling treatment had significant (P0.05) effect in EP, contributing 17% of total treatment variation in C. gynandra stored seeds. No significant effects were observed in MET of C. gynandra stored seeds. Relative to the non-chilled seeds at the control, at 6 and 12 h, PC treatment increased EP of stored seeds by 3%. However, when PC duration was further increased, EP decreased by 22 to 51%. Optimum EP of 60% was achieved when stored seeds were PC for an optimum duration of 4 h. In conclusion, PC enhanced germination thereby increasing EP of C. gynandra stored seeds.

23. O. M. PELINGANGA* AND M. S. MPHOSI [Improvement of Amaranthus hybridus seed germination under greenhouse condition]. Res. on Crops 21 (1) : 138-140 (2020). Instituto Superior Politécnico do Kwanza Sul Caixa Postal, Angola *(e-mail : osvaldopelinganga_7@hotmail.com)

ABSTRACT

Amaranthus hybridus leafy vegetable is consumed by the African rural communities as pot vegetables gathered during rainy season. Various researchers are working on the domestication and cultivation of this plant species as means to reduce poverty and malnutrition in the rural communities. A study was conducted at the greenhouse of the University of Limpopo in South Africa with the aim to improve seed germination percentage of A. hybridus. Seeds were collected in the wild and dried under room conditions for one week. Dried seeds were submitted to four treatments, namely, untreated seeds, seeds soaked in cold water, seeds soaked in hot water and seeds soaked in effective micro-organisms solution and were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 10 replications. At 14 days after sowing, seed germination data were collected and submitted to an analysis of variance using SAS software (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC, U. S. A., 2008. Seed germination was 43% with the untreated control, 44% seeds soaked in cold water, 77% seeds soaked in hot water and 94% seeds soaked in effective micro-organisms solution. Relative to the untreated control, seed germination was improved by 2.9, 78.3 and 117.4% by seeds soaked in water, seeds soaked in hot water and seeds soaked in effective micro-organisms solution, respectively. The study revealed that A. caudatus leafy vegetable seeds need to be treated in order to improve germination percentage.

24. S. MUBAROK*, KUSUMIYATI, A. A. FAUZI, A. NURAINI, F. RUFAIDAH AND M. A. H. QONIT [Effect of benzyl amino purine and 1-methylcyclopropene in maintaining rooting quality of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat cv. ‘White Fiji’) cuttings]. Res. on Crops 21 (1) : 141-150 (2020). Department of Agronomy, Agriculture Faculty Padjadjaran University, 45363, Bandung, Indonesia *(e-mail : syariful.mubarok@unpad.ac.id)

ABSTRACT

The quality of chrysanthemum cuttings is influenced by ethylene. During post-harvest storage, ethylene accelerates the quality loss of cutting by enhancing chlorophyll degradation. Application of 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) or Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) can be used as an approach to inhibit unfavourable ethylene effects. The objective of this study was to find out the effect of a combination of 1-MCP or BAP and storage period on the quality of chrysanthemum cuttings. The experiments were arranged using a completely randomized design consisting of nine treatments. The cuttings were treated with 1-MCP 700 nL/L or BAP 2.5 mg/l. After treatment, they were stored for 0, 3 and 7 days, then the cuttings were rooted in soilless culture for four weeks. The results showed that 1-MCP or BAP maintained leaf freshness and inhibited chlorophyll degradation on cuttings at 3 and 7 days of storage period. However, the application of 1-MCP slightly inhibited root growth compared to that of untreated cuttings. Interestingly, the application of BAP effectively reduced the cuttings damage for seven days and did not cause the inhibition of root growth (weight of fresh root, root number, root length and root volume) that was comparable to that of untreated cuttings. These results collectively showed that BAP was more effective than 1-MCP in maintaining rooting quality of chrysanthemum cuttings.

25. NILOUFAR MAHMOUDI, MIKHAIL PRIDANNIKOV, MEISAM ZARGAR*, YOUSEF NASERZADEH1,2, LIUDMILA LIMANTCEVA2 AND ELENA PAKINA1 [Molecular diagnostics of Ditylenchus destructor based on the ITS-rDNA from Iran and Russia Federation]. Res. on Crops 21 (1) : 151-155 (2020). Department of AgroBiotechnology Institute of Agriculture, RUDN University, 117198, Moscow, Russia *(e-mail : Zargar_m@rudn.ru)

ABSTRACT

Several nematode species related to potato have been documented. Among these, the potato rot nematode, Ditylenchus destructor (Thorne) may cause important losses in potato yields. Proper identification of nematode species and isolates is important. To verify species identification, the populations of D. destructor from Iran and the Russian Federation were tested for differences using PCR with species-specific primers for the rapid and reliable result. New sequences deposited in the Genbank under accession numbers MN307126, MN307128 and MN493767 from Iran populations, and MN658597, MN658599, MN658637 and MN658638 from Russian populations. Phylogenetic studies of the ITS-rDNA region of D. destructor put it in a distinct clade.

26. ALEKSEI AVDEENKO*, SVETLANA AVDEENKO, VLADIMIR DOMATSKIY AND ANDREI PLATONOV3 [Bacillus subtilis based products as an alternative to agrochemicals]. Res. on Crops 21 (1) : 156-159 (2020). Department of Agriculture and Storage Technologies for Crop Products Don State Agrarian University, Krivoshlykova St., 24, 346493 Persianovsky, Russian Federation *(e-mail : avdeenko.all@rambler.ru)

ABSTRACT

The purpose of the research was to study the effectiveness of a biological drug ”Alirin-B”, Gamair for treatment and prevention of bacterial and some fungal diseases in various crops. Studies were conducted on fields (10 ha–experimental, 10 ha–control) and in the apple orchard (100 trees in each experimental and control groups) of the Rostov region (Russian Federation) in 2017-19. The experimental sites were treated with “Alirin -B”, Gamair, while control areas not. The experimental sites treated with “Alirin -B” showed a three times lower rate of root rot infection compared with the control (P=0.001) in two months, and 25 times less in three weeks (P=0.001). Another drug, based on Bacillus subtilis, was less effective–only two times less infection in three weeks (P=0.05) and 0.3 times less in two months. The treatment with drugs of winter wheat showed an efficiency of 50-95% (P=0.001), sugar beet–45-80% (P=0.05), apple trees–87-99% (P=0.001) and strawberries–85-95% (P=0.001).

27. FATIMA HADI KAREEM* [Control of damping-off and root rot diseases of Acacia tree using some biological control agents and plant extracts]. Res. on Crops 21 (1) : 160-167 (2020). Al-Mussaib Technical College Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, 51009, Babylon, Iraq *(e-mail : com.fatma@atu.edu.iq)

ABSTRACT

The study included the isolation and diagnosis of the associated fungi to damping-off and the root rot disease of the Acacia plants and evaluating the effectiveness of some biological agents in controlling the disease in vitro. The results of isolation and diagnosis from the infected roots of Acacia plant showed the presence of the two pathogenic fungi (Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium solani), which appeared frequently in all samples brought from some nurseries in Babylon province. The isolates of two pathogenic fungi (R. solani and F. solani) affected the germination of Acacia seeds which led to occurring a significant excelling through raising the intensity of the infection with two pathogenic fungi (R. solani and F. solani) which amounted to 83.33 and 41.66%, respectively, compared to the control treatment, in which the intensity of the infection amounted to zero. The two fungi had also significantly reduced the dry and fresh weights of the total vegetative and root system. The results of the antagonistic potential test for the fungus (Trichoderma harzianum) showed high efficiency in inhibiting the two pathogenic fungi, which achieved an antagonistic potential on the PSA media. Azospirillum sp. bacteria showed high antagonistic potential in inhibiting the two pathogenic fungi (R. solani and F. solani) with a percentage of 64.1 and 61.1, respectively. The aqueous extract for the plants (fruits of castor, leaves, and flowers of Clerodendrum inerme, garlic oil) showed an effective effect in inhibiting the pathogenic fungi on the PSA. The extract of the castor fruit plant gave better efficiency than rest of the extracts where the percentage of inhibition to the two pathogenic fungi for the aqueous extract for the castor plant at a concentration of 15% amounted to 56.66 and 54.81%, respectively.

28. Y. ISTAITIH*, A. ALIMARI AND S. JARRAR [Determinants of farmers’ participation in informal seed production for wheat in Palestine]. Res. on Crops 21 (1) : 168-176 (2020). Department of Horticulture and Agricultural Extension Palestine Technical University, Jaffa Street, P. O. BOX 7, Tulkarm, West Bank, Palestine *(e-mail : y.istaitih@ptuk.edu.ps)

ABSTRACT

In Palestine, agriculture plays an important role in the livelihoods of the farmer’s society. However, most production inputs and supplies including seeds are imported, reducing the agricultural sector’s dependence on the commercial imports of inputs is given high priority in the Agricultural Sector. Formal and informal organizations including ministries and universities worked with farmer’s societies to produce high quality seeds through informal seed producers, where farmer’s participation in informal seed production activities was limited. In order to determine farmer’s participation in informal seed production of wheat in Palestine, socio-economic analysis was conducted for 145 farmers. The sample was collected from the major seed production sites in Palestine. Definition of seven technical variables and 13 socio-economic variables was used in data collection. Descriptive statistics like frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviations and inferential statistics such as t-test and Chi-square test were employed to see main difference and association between both the participating categories. The result shows that farmers’ participation in seed production was significantly influenced by seed source, planting date, rainfall and productivity, membership in agricultural association, technology adoption, capacity building, frequency of extension contact, and net returns and profit. The most important reason that the participants want to participate in the seed production is the access to improved input, the increase in rate of net returns, increase in profit and decreased production costs.

29. TSHEDZA RAPHALALANI*, YVONNE MAILA AND MABOKO MPHOSI [Effect of processing methods on the food value of sweet potato variety ‘Blesbok’]. Res. on Crops 21 (1) : 177-180 (2020). 1Department of Plant Production, Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering University of Limpopo, Private Bag x1106, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa *(e-mail : tmraphalalani@gmail.com)

ABSTRACT

The white fleshed sweet potato cultivar Blesbok is a top selling cultivar, accounting for 80% of national production with yields averaging 45 t/ha when grown commercially. Blesbok is rich in beta carotene (BC), vitamin C, minerals, carbohydrates and proteins. However, preparation and processing methods can denature protein and destroy BC and vitamin C due to temperature variation during processing. The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of preparation and processing methods on the vitamin C of Blesbok sweet potato (BSP) cultivar. Raw Blesbok tubers were divided into unpeeled and peeled samples prior to processing. The experiment was a factorial conducted in triplicates, where factor A were the two preparation methods (unpeeled and peeled) and factor B were the four processing methods (raw, boiling, baking and frying). The raw unpeeled and peeled sweet potatoes served as standards. After processing, vitamin C was determined prior to analysis of variance through SAS software. Relative to the standards, vitamin C increased by 360% in unpeeled baked tubers. However, in the unpeeled boiled and fried tubers, the vitamin C was reduced by 20 and 40%, respectively. In contrast, the peeled tubers when boiled, baked and fried, reduced vitamin C by 98, 97 and 99%, respectively, when compared to standard. Notably, vitamin C was reserved in unpeeled baked tubers. In conclusion, results indicated that interaction of preparation x processing method increased vitamin C in unpeeled baked BSP.

30. NGUYEN PHUOC MINH* [Utilization of chitosan edible coating in storage of leren (Calathea allouia) tubers]. Res. on Crops 21 (1) : 181-184 (2020). Faculty of Natural Sciences Thu Dau Mot University, Binh Duong Province, Vietnam *(e-mail : nguyenphuocminh@tdmu.edu.vn)

ABSTRACT

Leren (Calathea allouia) tuber is very palatable with high carbohydrate content, protein, fiber, minerals, essential amino acids but low levels of lipids. However, it’s quickly decomposed during post-havest. Chitosan has been demonstrated to be an eco-friendly alternative to synthetic fungicides for the management of post-harvest diseases on horticultural crop products. Objective of this study focused on the efficacy of chitosan coating in different concentrations (0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2 and 0.25%) on leren tubers during six months of storage at ambient temperature. In every two month-interval, treated leren tubers were randomly sampled to estimate weight loss (%), firmness (%), decay percentage and soluble solid (oBrix). This study was conducted in 2019 in Labone Scientific Co. Ltd, Vietnam. Our results showed that 0.2% of chitosan coating could effectively preserve the physico-chemical attributes of leren tubers during six months of storage. Chitosan had a potential as a substitute for synthetic fungicides to reduce post-harvest losses in leren tubers.

31. NGUYEN PHUOC MINH* [Effect of 1-methylcyclopropene on antioxidants of cantaloupe (Cucumis melo) fruit during storage]. Res. on Crops 21 (1) : 185-189 (2020). Faculty of Natural Sciences Thu Dau Mot University, Binh Duong Province, Vietnam *(e-mail : nguyenphuocminh@tdmu.edu.vn)

ABSTRACT

Cantaloupe (Cucumis melo) fruit contains high nutritional components, especially appreciable amounts of micronutrients, antioxidants and minerals with variety of therapeutic attributes. 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) is an ethylene antagonist by preventing ethylene performance via binding effectively to ethylene receptors in plant tissue. This research evaluated the effectiveness of 1-methylcyclopropene in different concentration (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 ppm) to antioxidant behaviours (total phenolic, flavonoid, DPPH, ABTS and FRAP radical-scavenging activity) of cantaloupe fruits during 28 days at ambient temperature storage. This study was conducted in 2019 in Labone Scientific Co. Ltd, Vietnam. The use of this agent at 75 ppm maintained the shelf-life and phytochemical quality of cantaloupe fruit during preservation.

32. NGUYEN PHUOC MINH* [Physico-chemical properties and overall acceptance of fry-breaded banana affected by hydrocolloid edible coatings]. Res. on Crops 21 (1) : 190-193 (2020). Faculty of Natural Sciences Thu Dau Mot University, Binh Duong Province, Vietnam *(e-mail : nguyenphuocminh@tdmu.edu.vn)

ABSTRACT

Banana is a healthy, nutritious fruit having high energy potential with carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins and antioxidants. It is necessary for health, food security and income for local farmers. It’s quickly ripened and highly perishable in a short period during post-harvest. Standardizing the value-added products from banana fruit is so important to improve its production. One of the methods to process banana is to make the fry-breaded form. During frying, oil uptake creates negative effect to its flavour, odour and general organoleptic attributes. Consumers prefer to the fry-breaded banana with low absorbed oil content while maintaining nutritional and overall acceptance such as firmness, cripness, colour, flavour and sweetness. The study of moisture reduction, oil uptake and overall acceptance of the fry-breaded banana by edible coating was executed. Different edible coating agents such as guar gum, xanthan gum, carboxymethyl cellulose in different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0%) were examined on the breaded banana before frying at 180oC for 2 min in soybean oil. This study was conducted in 2019 in Labone Scientific Co. Ltd, Vietnam. Our results showed that 1.5% xanthan gum was suitable for coating of the breaded banana. From deep processing, post-harvest losses of banana could be reduced; income of rural farmers would be enhanced; get more more and chance to inherit profit from cultivating and processing this valuable crop in our community.

33. NGUYEN PHUOC MINH* [Effectiveness of convective and microwave drying to rehydration and antioxidant stability from Curculigo orchioides rhizome]. Res. on Crops 21 (1) : 194-197 (2020). Faculty of Natural Sciences Thu Dau Mot University, Binh Duong Province, Vietnam *(e-mail : nguyenphuocminh@tdmu.edu.vn)

ABSTRACT

Curculigo orchioides rhizomes are mucilaginous in nature and well known with a wide range of pharmacological activities. Objective of this study focused on the effectiveness of convective and microwave drying to rehydration ratio and antioxidant stability from C. orchioides rhizome. Different parameters of convective (55oC, 65oC and 75oC) and microwave (120W, 140W and 160W) drying methods were examined on C. orchioides rhizomes. The final moisture content (6.5%) of this dried herbal tea was targeted to ensure its stability during 12 months of storage. Results revealed that microwave drying at 140W was appropriate for dehydration of this valuable herb. This study was conducted in 2019 in Labone Scientific Co. Ltd, Vietnam.

34. NGUYEN PHUOC MINH* [Effectiveness of breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) starch replacing ratio and incubation temperature in lactic fermentation of formulated yoghurt]. Res. on Crops 21 (1) : 198-202 (2020). Faculty of Natural Sciences Thu Dau Mot University, Binh Duong Province, Vietnam *(e-mail : nguyenphuocminh@tdmu.edu.vn)

ABSTRACT

Breadfruit is well known for a traditional starch rich crop. It rapidly undergoes physiological deterioration during post-harvest. Yogurt is a widely consumed dairy product owing to its functional beneficial healthy effects. Stabilizers are important ingredients to improve viscosity and sensory properties of dairy products. The aims of this research were to study the effect of breadfruit starch as stabilizer and incubation temperature during the lactic fermentation of formulated yoghurt by Lactobacillus acidophillus and Lactobacillus plantarum as probiotic starter cultures. This study was conducted in 2019 in Labone Scientific Co. Ltd, Vietnam. Our results showed that the supplementation of dreadfruit starch as natural stabilizer was able to resolve the unstable casein micelles. Yoghurt formulated with breadfruit starch contained more nutritional components as well as higher therapeutic value. Incubation temperature had a significant influence on yoghurt attributes. It could be summarized that the lactic fermentation process conducted by 3.5% breadfruit starch supplemented as stabilizer and incubation temperature 36.0oC within 30 h with 2% L. acidophillus and L. plantarum as starter cultures would ferment the best yoghurt characteristics.

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